 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education, I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Propitial Department of Education, Mrs. Khanna Galshwari College, University of Allahabad. In the series of discussing issues over curriculum, this time I am going to discuss procedure for developing curriculum and the lecture will be bilingual mode and it must be interesting and useful to all of you. So, let's start. First of all, there are various models of curriculum development, i.e. many models developed and followed by pathikram vikas are being developed, but since we are not studying curriculum in detail, we will discuss only linear model. By the way, there are other models like linear model, cyclic model, your system design model, there are many models, but we will study only two models in linear model and from that we will understand how pathikram vikas are developed. Linear model is only a model, i.e. one after one, one after one, one after one, we will study only one model. The linear models of curriculum development prescribe a rational, i.e. it is a tarqiq, step by step procedure for curriculum development starting with objectives, i.e. the target, or target for the audience, or for the students in the group. So, we need to study this in 2, the rational linear model of Tyler and the progressional model of Taba. So, the first model of Taba, it's a pathway to design, and the second model is a path to the next step. So, this is the path of the请, first one is the path of the given path, linear model and Taba's grass root rational model. So first of all, Ralf Tyler at the University of Chicago developed the first model of curriculum development. This model was presented in his book, Principles of, oh my god, I got the wrong question. Principles of curriculum and instruction published in 1949, Tyler argued that curriculum development should be logical and systematic. That is, Ralf Tyler, who was the University of Chicago, had made the first model of curriculum development. And he presented it in his book, Principles of Curriculum and Instruction, which was published in 1904. I mean, it's not very old. Tyler argued that curriculum development should be logical and systematic. But Tyler argued that curriculum development should be logical and systematic. His model presents a process of curriculum development that follows a sequential pattern starting from objectives to content, learning experiences, and evaluation. And subject matter. So what will we get from the society? Philosophy of education. Society decides which direction is being followed in education. What will we get from the direction? Aims. What is the purpose of our education? According to that, the curriculum will be made. What do we actually want? Then students and students are the main ones. From subject matter, we will get psychology of learning. So from the society, we will get the knowledge of philosophy of education. From subject matter, we will get psychology of learning. And students, that is, for which class, for students, we are going to make a curriculum. So what will we have to do first? Selecting objectives. First, we will have to choose the direction. After that, selecting learning experiences. That is, what experiences we will give to those students. So we will choose the experiences of the right. After that, organizing learning experiences. How will those experiences be associated with the right? And finally, we will evaluate it. Okay. So it is easy. Tyler argues that to develop any curriculum, curriculum workers should respond to four basic questions. Tyler says that in order to make any type of curriculum, you should take care of four things. That is, if they get answers to four basic questions, that means that they are made up of the right. Which ones? The first is what educational purposes should the school or the institution be? It can be anything. Seek to attend. That is, what are the objective goals that we want to do with this curriculum? That means that it should be a part of your curriculum. Then, what educational experiences are likely to attain these objectives? Then, what experiences do you want to achieve with those objectives? What educational experiences? Five minutes. What educational experiences are likely to attain these objectives? That is, what educational experiences are likely to attain these objectives? So, make that a part of your curriculum. How can these educational experiences be organized? That is, what educational experiences are likely to achieve with these objectives? And how can we determine whether these purposes are being attained? That is, what will be the last evaluation? How will we determine that these objectives have been proved? So, if we are able to answer these four questions, that means we have made the right curriculum. Aside from these four questions, what will be the other four questions? Tyler also identified three curriculum sources. Society, students and subject matter. Accordingly, curriculum workers need to study these sources carefully in order to develop a curriculum. That is, we will take care of the society, the subject matter, and the students. We are going to make a curriculum for the students of this school. So, this is, sorry, this is Tyler's Rational-Linear Model. After that, we have to study the Grassroot-Rational Model of Taba-Hilda-Taba. The follower of Tyler, the Taba-Hilda-Taba, Tyler's student or follower, is another curriculum scholar, Hilda-Taba. Taba presented her model in her book, Curriculum Development Theory and Practice in 1962. That is, she came in 1964 and she came in 1962. And Taba writes this in her book Curriculum Development Theory and Practice. That is, Particum, Vikas, Siddhan and Abhiyas. So, every model is a modified version of Tyler's model. Taba argued that Curriculum Development should follow a sequential and logical process and she suggested for more information input in all phases of Curriculum Development. Because Tyler was the follower, that is why she is talking about sequential, logical, and rational models. She is only saying that she needs to give more input in every phase. Taba also claimed that all curricular components are fundamental elements. She said that she will follow the steps of Curriculum Development. How? Diagnosis of needs. First of all, we need to know what is the need for Curriculum Development. Why are we not going to accept it? Then what will we do? We will make the formulation of objectives, the purpose of our goals, and the purpose of our goals. Then, we will choose the subject of content. We will choose the subject of content. We will choose the subject of content. Then what we will do is, we will organize the subject of content. When that happens, we will do selection of learning experiences. This was also in Tyler. Organization of learning experiences was also in Tyler. At last, evaluation was also in Tyler. So, only three things are increasing in this. Diagnosis of needs, selection of content, and organization of content. Other objectives, selection of learning experiences, and organization of learning experiences are as it is of Tyler. So, seven steps. Diagnosis of needs, formulation of objectives. Then selection of content, organization of content. Then selection of learning experiences, organization of learning experiences. And lastly, determination of what to evaluate and ways and means of doing it. I mean, what we need to know, what we need to understand, and what we will do for that. Okay, so this is Taba's grass root rational model. So, I have discussed only two models with you. You will find out how the development of Particrum is done. Because curriculum development is not required in detail. It is just a procedure for developing. Curricrum is your wish, you have a lot of models, but remember this for your information. But for basic knowledge, Tyler's model and Taba's model are different. Okay, both are rational. That is, they are logical, they are sequential. And they start with objectives. And they go in one direction. So, I have covered this topic. Two, what is the topic? What was the topic procedure for developing curriculum? So, thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel Explore Education. I have done from my side.