 This paper presents a novel approach to understanding how individual patients will respond to certain treatments by creating patient-derived organoid models, PDOs. These models are derived from patient tumor tissues and are able to accurately replicate the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the original tumors. This allows researchers to test different drugs on the models to determine which ones are most likely to be effective against the patient's specific type of cancer. By using these models, researchers hope to better understand how each patient's tumor responds to various treatments, allowing them to tailor treatments more effectively. This article was authored by Xingfeng He, Xingfeng He, Yan Zhang, and others.