 My name is Kamil Novak and I will, during my speech, briefly present a few observations and thoughts related to the so-called metal workers grave and metal worker graves are an interesting Europe and phenomenon that has its origins in an old etic. In my paper I would like to focus on this issue in the context of arm fields in western part of Poland and eastern Germany. I will focus mainly on the late Bronze Age. At the beginning a basic question should be asked what are metal workers graves and how are they distinguished? Here there are several bibliographical footnotes together with categories of objects according to which the authors distinguish such graves. Everyone agrees that the main determinants are objects directly related to casting process that is casting molds, crucibles and tuirs. Some authors add to these cold working tools like hammers and chisels. In this way two categories of metal workers graves are separated, smiths and funders. However the connection between hammers and chisels with metallurgies is unclear in my opinion. It's difficult to state unambiguously whether these tools were used only in metallurgic related activities and were not used for example for woodworking. If the chisels do not appear in the direct context with other objects related to metallurgical activities I decided for my research that they aren't a determinant of those activities. For example for better images of this problem I present here the inventory of grave 4 from the cemetery in Bełcze, Western Poland. It's a pit grave which is equipped with various types of objects including chisels, sickle, fishing hooks and glass beads. Should we call this grave as the metal worker grave or perhaps the grave of a fisherman or a farmer or maybe a local collector who was buried here? I know that we cannot answer these questions and I also know that we must consider with the great caution that the grave inventory reflects prehistoric reality. For this research I decided that the determinants of metal worker graves are tools directly related to the metal casting process such casting moustaches and crucibles. For the study area I identified 23 sites where 27 graves containing characteristic equipment were discovered. As you can see we can talk about any general pattern of the currents of metal worker graves. A large number of them occurred in today's Silesia, around Lignica and Wrocław. Here and yeah. As well in the territory of north-central Saxony and south-east Brandenburg. The number of these finds decreases to the north and the furthest are the graves from Buczo and Sobiejuchy, dated to the early Iron Age. This phenomenon does not occur at all in Pomerania and Mecklenburg. Perhaps the casting mold from Kratzenburg-Lankrais-Rostock comes from the graves but this is not really clear. Only from 8 sites metal worker graves from the entire collection have been systematically examined. The other was discovered accidentally or during amateur excavations in the 90s or early 20th century. Some of the older finds generally come from the cemetery area and it's not possible to feed it to a specific grave. When the casting molds were discovered along with fragments of ceramics they most likely came from a damaged grave. From better documented graves we can take a closer look at the construction of the graves. All graves from this area are cremation graves, mostly flat, with one or several urns. Only in Geberids, this Saxony, it was a tumulus grave. In the case of the grave from Vartoslav there are five urns. Two or three occurred in the grave from Buczo. Human remains were usually in the urn or in and next to the urn, like Kleiniawa. In a few cases the remains are located directly in the burial pit, like in Kajas or Gogorin's Shednjuf. In the grave from Buczo the urn was covered with an upside down vessel. Only of the entire collection only five graves have been anthropologically analysed. Anthropological studies of bone remains show that mainly men were buried in the graves. Only in one examined grave the remains of a woman were identified. However, that five analysed graves are a very small sample. The graves are different from each other in their inventory. The main differences are visible in the number of vessels. In the case of Kleiniawa in the grave were only the urn and two fragments of small vessels. Ten vessels were discovered in grave 73 in Piekari and 50 in Vartoslav. In some graves there were stone objects that were not casting molds, such as the Kandelurenstein from Battaune or the stone axe from grave 42 in Legnica. Metal workers casting tools are also different. The most common are stone molds, less often clay once and only from the damaged grave from Grzeg Gugowski comes a metal mold that was discovered together with an object matching to the negative. The items most often produced in molds from metal workers graves are socketed axes, then sequels, razors and arrowheads. Molds used for tool production are more common than those used for ornaments, like knobs in the grave from Gogolin's Shebius. Graves from Kaja's Legnica, Piekari and Battaune had had in their inventory casting cores and graves from Lupsal and Boyadwa contained two years of the same kind. The overview of information presented above indicates that the main similarities within the group of metallurgical graves are the occurrence of metallurgical tools and cremation. There is no single deposition pattern that would allow to determine exactly who were the people buried in the graves, what was their social status or role in society. This means that we don't really know much about the Arnfield's metal workers, but in that situation what kind of information should we expect? Expect studying the so-called metal worker graves. I think we can get a lot of information about the preparation of metal workers tools and the casting production process itself. By studying the casting molds we can determine the type of raw material from which they were produced and its provenance. Petrographic studies of clay and stone molds from graves in Legnica showed that the raw material was mainly local. Kha Tododoluminestan studies of molds from Klanjawa showed that the molds were made of one type of sandstone, most likely from one outcrop. By observing the surface of casting molds macroscopically we can identify the preparation traces of stone raw material, reconstruct the stone cutting techniques or use tools. Here is a nice example of this cutting or using saw, saw-using or something of the molds from Wolff with this trace and some cracking traces. The scratches visible on some molds, like in Gaberniz is not good quality, but there are here some scratches show the stage of negative production. At first a sketch or a draft was made and then the negative of the mold VT was carved. Thanks to the macro observation we can identify also repairs that indicate in my opinion the high value of these items. Thanks to the use of specialized archaeometric analysis we can reconstruct the process of pouring metal into the mold. We can observe the stages of mold heating which were associated with either burning ceramic molds or preheating stone molds. The molds emperature directly after pouring the metal can be identified as well, knowing the temperature of the preheating preheated mold we can reconstruct the ideal conditions for metal pouring. It's often stated that the molds found in the graves were used by the people buried in these graves. Often macroscopic observation allows to identify traces of use. Clear visible soot or barnet spots. Sometimes however the types of traces are not visible. Traces of metal can be identified in molds using non-invasive XRF analysis. In the case of casting molds from the Lignica cemetery it was confirmed that all molds were used. Only in the case of the clay core we did not obtain clear results that confirmed the presence of copper on its surface. Probably this item was not used before the deposition at all. Methods used in modern foundry allows for precise determination of ways of filling molds with metal. The optimal casting conditions are determined by treating the modeling of the object and using of specialized software. In this way optimal conditions for using molds for razors and here for socketed axes from graves in Lignica cemetery were determined. To sum up I have a few insights regarding to the metal worker grave in the urn throat. We know that the that male graves are more often identified with metallurgical toolkit. However we have a very small amount of anthropological analyzers to be able to say that this was a general trend. It is important to establish a category of items that allow us to identify metal worker graves. This will allow to create the creation of interregional databases and a broader view of the phenomenon in the context of entire urn fields. If can we separate the graves of specialist craftsmen in the realization of urn fields what about another profession? For example weverse wood or bone workers, butters, I leave this question open. As I mentioned earlier so-called metal workers graves are not distinguished by the construction of the grave or special grave goods compared to other objects on the cemetery. Most often the graves are with a small number of vessels and no spectacular metal objects, but what is obvious the main factor that distinguishes the graves from others is a set of specialized tools. Someone had to have appropriate knowledge about the choice of raw material for the mold, the ability to process, for example stone, some artistic skill related to carving the proper mold concavity. We must consider that most often the undamaged mold were deposited in graves, equipping the dead person with such valuable work tools excluded them from further use by the community. Isn't that enough distinction? I'll give you some literature. Thank you very much.