 Hello, everyone. Thank you so much for tuning into our workshop on the greenhouse gas tool and report. We're really excited to be able to share this tool and report with you and hope that will be of utility to you in current and future investigations. We have a wonderful team of edgy members that will be presenting to you today. My name is Kelsey multi boroughs. I'm a northeastern student who is working with edgy through my capstone course. Now I'll pass it to our other members to introduce themselves. Hello everyone. My name is me of Carlos. I am also a northeast student working with edgy for my capstone course as well. And my name is Eric Nost. I am an assistant professor of geography at the University of Guelph in Guelph, Canada, and I will be demo lane our greenhouse gas reporting program analysis tool later in this presentation. So here we have our agenda for today. We will be continuing with a brief introduction to the environmental data governance initiative environmental enforcement watch and the greenhouse gas reporting program. Following that, you will have a description of our data science tool and preliminary findings of our report. After that Eric will do a brief demo of our greenhouse gas tool. And then finally we'll close and we'll share with you some information in case you want to get in touch with us. So I'm first going to introduce the environmental data and governance initiative was actually formed in November of 2016 out of an email thread with the goal of documenting and analyzing changes in environmental governance under the Trump administration. The first project was a series of networked events, the goal which was to archive federal websites and data sets, and this was termed data rescue. So who are we today. Today, we are more than 50 active members from academic institutions, nonprofits and grassroots organizations from a variety of professions. So members are paid but for the most part members are volunteers. And what do we aspire to aspire to hold governing agencies and industries accountable to promote transparent collaborative community centered environmental research technology and decision making, and to model these democratic values in our own organization at work. And to the right here you can see some headlines that were inspired by in part by edgy's work. So I'm going to introduce the environmental enforcement watch, or as we loving they call it you and you analyzes and engages with the data from the EPA is echo database echo standing for enforcement and compliance history online. We really aimed to make this data from echo more readily accessible for people like you for journalists so they can help inform the public shine spotlight on compliance and enforcement issues in our country. And you've done some really important work, especially recently. There was a recent report from you that found a decline in policy enforcement during the covert outbreak, which inspired the publish of 17 newspaper articles, like the one here below. And so why are we focusing on greenhouse gases, GHGs are currently summarized solely in terms of a country or a state or province or cities, carbon footprint. So for example, under the Paris agreement, the US reported emitting about 6.5 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2005 and pledged to cut that in half by 2030. And in some ways this makes sense, since nations have the power to set and enforce strong policies around climate, but GHG should really be quantified by company and regulated by the US though, because fossil fuel companies are large contributors in the climate crisis, and they're not held accountable to the extent they should be a current system. For example, they heavily under invest in green energies. They restrain and often delay policies that support the growth of green energy. And they are very talented at constructing or constructing and manipulating the movement denying the existence of climate change. Some other greenhouse gas data sets include the report from the carbon majors database, and they make their GHG data available by company. EDGE's tool on the other hand adds data from EPA's greenhouse gas reporting program, and then connects that data from from those facilities to their parent companies, and it's also publicly available to everyone. And then, additionally, the Public Economies Research Institute greenhouse 100 polluters index is a 2021 report and it's based on 2019 data. But on the other hand, EDGE's tool uses current data and can be run over and over again. So what is the greenhouse gas reporting program or GHG RP. It's an EPA program that requires reporting of greenhouse gas data and other relevant information from large GHG emission sources, fuel and industrial gas suppliers and CO2 injection sites in the US. So there are approximately 8000 facilities that are required to report their emissions annually, and the GHG RP accounts for about 90% of those emissions nationally. And the focus is really on industrial direct emitters and some suppliers above certain thresholds. We talk about direct emitters we mean facilities that combust fuels or otherwise put GHGs into the atmosphere directly from their facility. And then there's also a coal burning power plant that emits CO2 suppliers are entities that supply products into the economy and then if those products are combusted or or release, they can oxidize and release GHGs into the atmosphere. For example, a company that sells gasoline, and there are no limitations for the maximum quality of GHGs that facilities are allowed to release. So what is the environmental enforcement watches greenhouse gas data analysis tool. The data science tool using the web based platform Jupiter notebook uses self reported data from the greenhouse gas reporting program to analyze greenhouse gas emissions by parent company and create accompanying visualizations. And the data and code used in the notebook are available to the public. Also this tool is reusable so in a year's time, or in five years time or in a couple months you can use this notebook again to see how things have changed. So now we're going to take a look at some notable preliminary findings that our team discovered through using the tool, and that can be found in our report. So first 56% of direct emissions of greenhouse gases in the United States in 2020 were found to come from facilities primarily classified as fossil fuel electric power generation. The findings from the largest direct emitter a coal fired power plant in Alabama are equivalent to the annual emissions from over 3,500,000 vehicles. We also found that the 10 biggest emitters by individual facility are nearly all power plants. And finally, the one facility in the top 10 that isn't a power plant is an oil refinery, specifically Exxon mobiles Baytown Texas facility, which recently experienced a major industrial accident leading to several injuries. So taking a closer look at findings related to parent companies. What's reported to the greenhouse gas reporting program is each facility's highest level US based parent company. So in the GHC RP, as well as in our tool, we are not capturing subsidiaries or shell companies, nor foreign ownership. In the top 10 companies listed here on the bottom left account for over 20% of all direct emissions of greenhouse gases. And the top 50 account for half of such emissions. In contrast, if you look at the bottom right, you can see that just topped the top 10 owners of supplier facilities account for over half of all supplier emissions. You can also notice that Exxon mobile can be found in both of these charts. It is the eighth among direct emitters, and the fourth among suppliers. And now I'll pass it off to Eric for a demonstration. Thank you so much so what I'm going to do is lead us through a demonstration a demo of how this, how our greenhouse gas reporting program analysis tool actually works. I uploaded the tool up in my browser here, and anyone in the world can access this tool and their own version of it or their own copy of it at this link, which is also available through our website and through other means. So anyone with this link and a Google account can run our tool for themselves. Simply enter this link into your browser, log into Google and prompted to do so, and then you will have the ability through the Google Collaboratory platform to to run the calculations behind our findings for yourself. So, we start here with just a little bit of an introduction about how to run the notebook. And also some of the background that was previously presented in terms of what the great EPA is greenhouse gas reporting program is what it counts what it doesn't count so on and so forth. So all that background information is embedded in the notebook itself here with links to further resources from the EPA. Now, I have already actually run the notebook. So I'm not going to, to give you the full demo of how to, you know, actually clicking on things as we go along. But the long and short of it is, if you want the full analysis all the data calculated for you, you can go up to run time here and select run all. And that will complete all of the calculations behind our findings for you. So step by step. So the first step here is this cell of code. Now this notebook is has both cells of text, such as this one that give us a little bit of context and instruction as well as cells of code, such as this one. Basically what we're doing is we're going through cell by cell and running the code that we need. So let's play here. And you might be prompted, you know that the message or warning from Google that the that they didn't offer the notebook, you would simply just accept that that warning and move on. You know that we wrote the notebook you don't need to worry about that that warning. We're going to run and it would produce the results that said something along these lines, basically done. And here what we're doing in this cell of code is simply setting up some of the stuff we need for the later parts of the analysis. In this second cell what we're doing is we're actually getting the emissions data from the EPA. We're going to basically call up their website, where they have a zip file of the greenhouse gas reporting program data over the past, since the 2011 or so. And we get the 2020 data in particular. And we load that in. You should get a result after you press play here as says something like data loaded. Now you can actually, if you're interested in. Downloading that data for yourself that data will appear in the files tab here on the left. So once we run this cell of code, all of the spreadsheets Excel spreadsheets that the EPA has for its greenhouse gas reporting program show up over here. And as I said you can actually go back to 2010 2011 all those that kind of historical data there. But again we for this particular analysis we're looking at the most recently available data which is for 2020. And, you know, you could download this to your computer like so. Now, moving on with the rest of the analysis here we, there is some number of crunching that needs to be done with EPA's data sets in order to make it more meaningful they have different categories of emissions as we mentioned direct emitters. Directly releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere suppliers those who supply fuels that are later combusted releasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. We need to separate that out and also, you know, compile together different specific kinds of emitters. For instance, onshore oil and gas production and gathering and boosting are different kinds of direct emitters that the EPA differentiates but that we're for our purposes we're going to lump together as as direct emitters. So we do that in this cell of code, which after you run it produces some of those findings that we were just hearing about in terms of the top 10 facilities. In the direct for direct emitters and for suppliers, so we heard that nearly all nine out of 10 of the top 10 directors are fossil fuel electric power generation facilities. So that finding is confirmed here the one that isn't is that Exxon mobile beta site that we were mentioning. It also shows up as a supplier so not only is that site directly emitting greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is also a supplier of processed petroleum gasoline. That is later combusted so it counts as a supplier as well or other products that it produces get measured under the supplier category. So we continue to move on to the notebook. This just exports our data so that we can download it here. The facility by facility data, but of course we're interested not just in the facilities, the plants that are releasing greenhouse gases, but the companies that own those facilities as we load in the company information from the EPA. This looks something like this. We combine it with that list of facilities. We've already seen and already loaded in. And that allows us to get something after a little bit more data wrangling in these cells. Something that looks like this where we have separately for direct emitters and suppliers facilities. And over here, the parents, the companies that own those facilities and the share of their ownership in that facility. So for the five examples we see here, the facilities are 100% owned by the different companies. There are cases where companies own 50% 25% something other they co-own a facility and we account for that in the aggregate of emissions that we calculate. So for instance in this cell we can look at some of those facilities that do have multiple owners. So here we have a facility in Ohio the Anderson's marathon holdings facility. That is owned partially by the Anderson's Inc 50% stake, as well as marathon, which has to 25% stakes. So basically 50% and we divide the facilities emissions to or we assign the facilities emissions to the parents based on that ownership state. So the facility in total would have something like 164,000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent greenhouse gases released in 2020. Half of that goes to the Anderson's Inc, because they own 50% of that facility and, and half of it ultimately will go to marathon petroleum Corp. In May tune, we'll see more about marathon petroleum Corp in a second. So once we've done that we can summarize finally the companies, not just the facilities in their greenhouse gas emissions. So, here we have that information first for direct emitters. Vistra Corp is the largest company in terms of direct direct emissions of greenhouse gases in 2020 91 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020 across 40 facilities that it has some ownership taken. So the first Shire Hathaway as an investment company Warren Buffett's investment company owns a lot more facilities, but a bit fewer emissions. We also have summarized this for suppliers so here again we see the marathon petroleum Corp show up 21 facilities including that one in Ohio we looked at quite a number of emissions 400 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. We were hearing about what that equates to in terms of you know, hours of electric usage per home, that sort of thing. Those are additional calculations that you can make using some of the greenhouse gas equivalency calculators that the EPA has on our website and that we link to elsewhere. So, in terms of the top 10 parent corporations, they own or account for 22% of all emissions covered under the greenhouse gas reporting program. Whereas those top 10 companies supplier companies account for over 50% of all emissions reported under the greenhouse gas reporting program. And here we see that that number again, summarizing the number of companies. And here, this is where the notebook becomes a bit more interactive. So we might, we can break this down by specific states and not just for the US as a whole. So here we could choose to say focus in on say Iowa. So after running this cell here, we get presented with a list of states as well as territories. We might focus on Iowa after selecting out we can go to the next cell run it by pressing play and see the emitters in Iowa. So in terms of which company owns facilities in Iowa, and their emissions so here we have Berkshire Hathaway comes in number one here, Alliance which provides is electric utility for the eastern half of Iowa, and Central Iowa. And surprisingly, one of the largest direct emitters in the state, as well as the agro business ADM, and we could return up here to select a different state, say Nebraska, and run the cell again, so on and so forth. We can also look back at the national trends again and look at specific kinds of facilities. So for instance, we might look at universities. Just because they happen to own facilities that report greenhouse gas emissions they own campus power plants that are on the hook for reporting to the EPA. And it happens that the Michigan State University and its campus power plant releases the most greenhouse gas emissions of all universities that report or a listed under greenhouse reporting program. And this is this is not account for any investments that these universities may have in power plants or other fossil fuel generating activities across the country or indeed the world. This is solely looking at universities ownership of specific facilities. So not, we're not talking about stocks and divestment here we're looking at, you know, ownership, usually have campus power plants. And here we chart some of that information. We can also look at specific cities cities, often run public utilities that we can look at in this data, searching for city of in our list of parent owners. So here we see the city of Los Angeles owns facilities that release greenhouse gas emissions, more so than any other city in the country. And we break this down by suppliers as well. We chart this in this cell. And finally, we can, you might be interested in looking up other kinds of owners. Whether that's a specific owner or a specific type of own. And so for instance what I've done here is I've run this cell, which turns on that search bar. I enter the name Exxon, because maybe a more interesting figuring out specifically where Exxon mobile stands, and then I run this next cell to get the numbers only for Exxon, or anything that matches the name Exxon. We could think of other utilities here like a land. Again, is not just, you know, in Iowa operates elsewhere and so we can look at its summary emissions as a company. We could search for specific kinds of owners. So, you know, city of will get us the results that we had up here. We could think of other public utilities or other search terms. And we could enter that in that search bar and get the results here. So this is an overview of how the you environmental enforcement watches greenhouse gas reporting program analysis tool works. And again this is publicly available to anyone and everyone. And indeed we would be more than happy and working with you collaborating with you to make fuller sense of this to help you run it, and to get even deeper into the data that is available, if not fully accessible. So I'll turn it back over for just a few more resources. So that concludes our presentation on the greenhouse cat gas report and tool hosted by us here at edgy. Thank you for turning into this presentation we appreciate the support and interest. Feel free to use these links below if you have any questions or would like to contact us. And thanks so much and have a good day.