 Yeah, welcome back to Think Tech, the 9 o'clock block on a given Monday and to make that Tuesday. It's Tuesday and we're talking in community matters here about drone reforestation with the CEO of drone seed grant canary. Welcome to the show grand nice to have you here. Hello, hello. That's a pleasure. It's been exciting to find out what you're doing is the perfect time and place for it, given climate change and of course the wildfires that we need to reforest. We just finished making a movie and think tech about how deforestation reforestation critical to dealing with climate change. And so you come to us at the perfect time for the discussion. And I think you come to the world at the perfect time. The greatest need we've ever seen for reforestation and and also the perfect time to find that technology can help. You're into the drone side of things and you've acquired silver seed, which is into the seedling side of things. And so it's a perfect marriage to talk about the marriage. What does that mean to you what does it mean to silver seed. What does it mean to reforestation. Absolutely. So still the seed. They're 130 year old business. They are the stewards of one of the largest private seed banks on the West Coast. So for customers who have been impacted by fires land managers these tribal nations, small family forest timber companies state state and federal agencies, nonprofits, impacted by fire. We need four things. See, which is number one, which is one of the biggest parts of the silver seed business seedlings in a number of cases, enhanced aerial seeding, the terrain is incredibly difficult. So I was in drones, putting the seed in vessels that boost survival rate is incredibly helpful to be able to reforest faster and finance. And that's where we finance utilizing carbon credit projects. We're doing a vertically integrated business now, and we can plug a customer into any one of those four things or all of those four things to help reforest faster after wildfires, which is where we exclusively work. Who is the customers. So the tribal nations, land managers that are small family forests, state and federal agencies. And then I believe on timber companies. So those are kind of some of the basics of these are the buckets in which land managers fall into. Those are the ones who, as soon as that fire goes through, and they're looking at kind of what what are my next steps. That's where we that's where we get involved and speak with folks and then in addition to that, there's a whole plethora of consultants in the forestry who register professional horsters and others that those land managers reach out to and we have programs that are available to them to help get people reforestation faster and one of the biggest obstacles there is their small family first you have a couple of acres is getting access to seed growing space. There's not enough nursery capacity and there's not enough seed out there, and that's one of the most interesting things about the business is that that has been something that has not been invested in for really significant time it's been a compliance cost. So what we're doing with silver seed is doubling the production of both seedlings and seed collection. So being able to work with professional foresters have them sort of group neighbors together come to us and then say great like here's here's our order got significant size, we can work with that and we've got relationships with various professional foresters that can assist there. Are you all of the country are you beyond the country out. When what's the geographic area of your operations. Yeah, so we are in the Pacific Northwest and California is where we're operating today so Oregon, Washington, Idaho, California. On the FAA side, we're the first and only that's approved for heavy lift aircraft, operating in the swarms of up to five aircraft at a time controlled by pilot and an operator with computer. And so, we are under the FAA approved in every state west of Colorado. And that's been a multi year process to get those approvals to the size and weight of the aircraft as well as them being operated by a single pilot. Have you got competition is there anybody else be you know chasing you into this space so to speak. Make a lot of money doing same something and there's always going to be people that follow you. That is our goal that is why we chose for profit is to really send as many people into the space as possible by setting example we are the industry leader. There's nobody else that's FAA approved in the United States to operate like this. To our knowledge in Canada as well so those are our primary areas of operations. We also have projects on going in New Zealand, and also taking look at Australia so that's kind of where geographic for furnace today. Boy that's exciting. I'm really delighted to talk to you and many levels. So what I get is that you take you take a seed like maybe a kind of an acorn kind of tree seed and you planted and you have a seedling and the seedling is a certain size and then you put the seedling in this in this vessel, which I recall from your materials is up to 57 pounds. And then you have a certain way of dispatching the seedlings in that vessel along with you mentioned a swarm of five vessels. And so you can cover a certain amount of geography that way fairly quickly. So the question is, can you just drop the acorns. How big does the seedling have to be to be effective. Yeah, so, so we're taking like pine cones so if anybody's ever had a pine cone fight with a sibling or friends in the neighborhood or whatnot like that's what we're utilizing and as you know like there's pine cones that are both open. And those are the ones that are sort of light in the area they fly through there slowly and then those ones that are closed which are super hard and they hurt. And so we're utilizing that if you cut open one of those that's hard, you can actually see the seeds inside of that pine cone. And so what we're doing is we gather up bushels, which are just big burlap bags of these seeds. And then we run them through our process to break apart the cone, collect the seed. And the business is the intersection of tech in hardware software, the biology. And so it's been fascinating for some of us to come from different areas of the business learn about the other areas and go, Oh, wow, that's phenomenal. That's very cool. It's very cool to learn these things in the process. So we take those seeds. And then as you're describing we put them into a seed vessel so it's about the size of a hockey puck, we put multiple seeds per vessel and the entire focus of the vessel is to boost the seed establishment rate. So this is what tree planters have been doing for a long time with one or two year old trees grown in a nursery is you take them out to site and put them in what's called a micro site where it's next to a stump or it is in a little bit of a golly or a ditch that's a couple of feet and it has a little bit less sun exposure it may have collected a little bit more moisture etc. And that helps it survive. Well, what I would describe the seed vessel is this is a bit of like a nano site it's about the size of a hockey puck so it's not it's not a couple feet wide or anything and it's a whole purpose is to help the seed have a higher establishment rate than what raw seed would have otherwise and the two things that really kill seeds out there are desiccation drying out and getting eaten by predators swirls mice birds. And if you just drop a whole bunch of raw seed, you can create a squirrel buffet if you're not careful so we involve a couple of the ingredients. One of them we've discussed on the Mark Rober video, which is super spicy pepper, which deters squirrels and rodents. It's not perfect, but it is something that is acts as a big deterrent and that is the whole purpose is boost the probability it's a probability game, as far as in that survival and that establishment of the of the seed. And so, and then because seed is so scarce as we've seen with the wired article and a fast company article, being able to minimize the use of the seed across the landscape is really helpful and so that's the purpose of the seed vessels. And then putting them in the aircraft. We fly five drones at a time and so they carry 57 pounds of these hockey pucks or seed vessels. And then they're dropping them so we don't fire them into the ground, or anything along those lines we started there we looked at that as an as a potential approach and how we would work with the seed vessels and try and get them embedded into the ground. We just ultimately decided that there was a much simpler and easier to do which is to put the seed into the vessel, drop the vessel and it's already kind of a couple of millimeters down into the vessel. So it's acting as if it's been buried already. What's the vessel made out of. Don't disclose that unfortunately that's a little bit of our secret sauce. Well my yeah and my success is that I reached something that's proprietary. I'm happy that you said no. I know I'm asking you good questions. When you tell me it's the right there. Okay, well so this is really, really interesting. So the, the sounds to me I was thinking that the swarm arrangement would be like on a grid, you know, like on a search pattern. You take a good piece of geography divided up into say squares or rectangles, and then you have the, you know, the drones fly over these squares or rectangle. But you have much greater control than that you can focus it down to a very small area and really how that area in order to be sure that you're going to have tree grows in that area how does that work. Yeah, so what we do is we basically do a first flight where we fly a drone has a lighter unit and multispectral camera, and that lighter unit is taking about 800,000 points per second so a little laser bouncing off of a two inch tree branch. It's important to collect those returns, those sort of dots in the cloud, because it creates a whole 3D terrain map so we don't send our drone right into that tree branch. It is significantly higher resolution than even self driving cars. It's something that we look at as far as like how do we create that that landscape in that map. So then we run our software on top of that and then that generates the flight pass that we want to fly the drones along. And what we do is today we manually remove a lot of the acreage in which we don't believe the sea vessels would grow well. So this is incredibly simple things for human you're like well we shouldn't we shouldn't dump a whole bunch of sea vessels on a gravel road it's not going to do well. But if for a computer you're like running you're looking at that you're like okay great let's remove all of these areas. This is all blackberry bushes. This is this is existing stands of trees that are 20 to 40 feet tall so the shade they're going to be quite shaded so they're not going to get growth. So this is how we sort of analyze at about a third of an acre scale and then we can actually get the seed vessel within a meter to two meters as far as where we drop the where we drop and where it lands and so that's something that we can So this is a very similar to the micro site. Very similar to tree planters I mentioned and then to the earlier question about kind of the proprietary nature what I can say is that we publish our results from our first two years we have about a year to two years to lay where we've ordered customers or working on projects with us. But we published our results in the US Foresters tree planters notes. And so that is publicly available for folks that want to take a look at that. So I can see you sitting down and say some organization that owns land and manages land wants to reforest and they show you a map and then you punch it in on a GPS basis and now you know exactly where you want to drop how much seed what kind of seed and what time and day and so forth and and you take pictures of what you do right down to those very fine fine resolution pictures and then you report back to your client and say well here's what we did here's the amount of seed we dropped here's the locations we dropped it here's some some video of you know what it looks like and and what about following up though Grant what about going back there a month or two or six months later to see how it's doing or a year or two. Do you do that too for the client. Oh absolutely so the level of data that we're providing providing to customers is unprecedented, meaning that previously there are a whole bunch of seedlings they will go out and kind of which species got planted where there there may have been some macro level reporting as far as this block got kind of this percentage we're able to tell customers well it's within this. You know these are where these species went these are where these species went within a meter to two meters. And so we can do sites. We always recommend because we work in post wildfire we always recommend to our land managers. Multiple species are a polyculture as opposed to monoculture, because of polyculture. Different species have different evolved mechanisms deal with fire. And the last thing you want after having a big burned acreage is to plan a whole bunch of trees that will re burn. So it's very important that we recommend that and say here's the species. And by the way we collect all the seed. So we can work with geographically appropriate seed. It's native. And that's really important it goes far beyond just like was it and you know, is it is it native. We go down to kind of the seed zones and seed zones are about the size of counties and so those that we approach which see to utilize because seeds from the closest seed zones will perform better grow better house to higher survival rate. So it's really important for foresters to get that whole feedback. Now then the follow up is that we're absolutely looking at data after one dry season so for the summer season. Desiccation drying out that's what I mentioned is one of the number one things that kills seeds so go back out after the summer and see well how are we looking. And then for carbon credit projects. We're working on carbon credit futures or ex ante under climate reserve. So these credits, they absolutely require a third party independent for sure to go out after a year, make sure that there's a minimum quantity of trees on the landscape, their space to their the right density, etc. And that's how they then issue credits. And that comes a year later so connection reserve. Very similar to folks who are familiar with US Green Building Council, their standards organization they create a standard people follow them, they follow them and US Green Building Council case you get the big seal inside of the building in cars case you get to issue credits in exchange a year after the project has been initiated so we're in our first project there and for folks that are being affected by fire. We're actively taking solicitations proposals for people to get in touch with us about a do they are where do they need what do they need seed seedlings enhanced aerial seeding or finance and that's that last bit which is that finance that's where the money comes from. So, in terms of the, the desiccation problem. Number one is how how soon after a wildfire can you plant. You have to wait, you have to wait for, you know, for example some rain you have to wait for the soil to somehow be conditioned naturally before you can drop seed on it. Or can you go right away what's the timing on that. We can get in there as fast as possible so we're reviewing and watching fires as they are burning and seeing where they expand to. And the reason for that is because the faster that we can get in there and stabilize soils. The, the faster we can get in there before we start to pop up the higher the establishment rate so site after a year two years three years really starts to me nature doesn't like a vacuum so things start to pop up. And if they're and ideally we're out there within 90 days after a burn. And that's our that's our focus this hasn't been something that's been available in forestry before. So we're still educating land managers are customers to say, look like you didn't know it but like we can be out there within 90 days. Talk to us, tell us about your land, tell us tell us what species you're looking for, give us some coordinates on where it's at or an address or which fire you're affected by. And the reason this is so impactful is because previously. There was a really long supply chain to get out and get seedlings after fire you have a fire. Well, first thing you do is figure out well, who has seed for me. Second is, well, do I have the money or do I need to go get a grant from cow or for somebody else along those lines. And then you send the seed off to the nursery if the nursery has capacity right now capacity is there's three year waits with many nurseries just to start growing. And then after that you've grown it for a year. And then you've got to hire a subcontractor who hires labor to do some of that manual planting with those one or two year old trees. And you do that because it is absolutely grueling work. The reason we utilize drones and are building that automation out that pool for for the workforce that goes out in the field is because you're doing wind sprints up and down mountains with a 40 pound bag of one to two year old trees. We're in the caloric equivalent of running two marathons every day at work. So what treat what tree planters eat, like put, you know, is right up there with Michael Phelps like seven pancakes with, you know, you've got your peanut butter and your honey. You're just basically trying to figure out how to consume calories to keep yourself going during the day. And tree planters are superheroes out there. I didn't like the firefighters who fight the wildfires in the first place, you know, you know, I wanted to ask you about floods and trouts and we do have climate change and I mean I'm delighted to find that you're addressing that directly. And I frankly think the media ought to be direct, you know, directly addressing it all day long to try to connect, you know, climate change with what's happening. Sometimes you hear a very flat reporting and say, oh, we have the wildfire, you know, oh, we have the drought of the flood and they never even mentioned as part of climate change. Anyway, so if I have a wildfire is because largely because things would dry in the first place. And I may have drought or flood after that. So how can you deal, for example, with growing a forest in a very dry area which is getting drier, or which is being flooded. How do you deal with that? Well, and first of all, thanks for the note there, like for the audience. If you see climate reporters or reporters on weather and disasters, and they're saying, hey, this is a result of climate change, please send them a thanks, because that is not happening enough. And there's some networks that are mentioning it. There's three that are not. And the mentions of climate change with hurricanes and fires is just not there. But this is the macro problem we said, we said it was just a drone seat. We've been building for five years on this. The data has been there. This was before we existed and got started in 2016. And 2018's fire season with Paradise Fire have not hit yet, 2020, 2021, worse and worse. The data is that we will expect to see bigger fires that are more severe, and we will see less and less natural regeneration. So people know this intuitively. They're not surprised to hear, oh, forests are in trouble. They're like glaciers. They're like coral. We are starting to see the data that's coming back saying that they are an exponential decline. The know why behind it is what people don't have, which is that when there is a big fire that goes through, if it goes through at low severity, there are cones at the top of the trees and there are seeds in the soil that doesn't get burned. This fire kind of goes through and it's like a crumber land. It's like a nice little ash cap across the top. And the seeds in the soil are okay, but it's only like a centimeter and inch down that the fire burns. And the trees only burn kind of the middle bushy part of the tree, but the top part of the tree, there's some cones and they'll have a seed rain and it comes down. That's a low severity fire. That's why prescribed burning is a great process in which we can reduce fire risk. But what happens with moderate to high severity fires is that it burns all the way up to the top of the tree. So it makes it look like a Looney Tunes be hit by a bolt of lightning. There's nothing left of that tree, including some of that seed that was actually in the tree waiting for fire events. And it burns several inches down into the soil. That's those big black plumes of smoke you see coming out from fires. There's a lot of that organic biomass going up. So what happens out of that is if you've got many, many more moderate to high severity fires, because the dry period has stretched out from a couple of months to five or six months, the trees have lost all their moisture, the fuel loads are higher. And so they're more likely to burn and then you see that a increase in the frequency of lightning as a result of higher temperatures. So you're seeing that's one of the biggest effects that starts the fire. So this all happens. And what we see is that basically the forests are not regenerating. So we have to update our high school bio where, oh, it's sad the forest take a long time to regrow. You know, the forest, in many cases, they were, they were regrowing 91% of the time. Now we're starting to see that drop down to potentially 60%, maybe 40%, depending upon the ecosystem. And we have a supply chain with orchards and seed that was built to resupply 9% of the system. Well, there is a lot more of that system that has not been built out and it takes 20 to 40 years to spin up a new orchard. So we can't utilize the systems that exist in the past, which is one of the reasons that silver seed is such a critical focus point for us now, which is that we need to go out and collect seed cones in those bushels and process them through silver seed to be able to make sure that we have seed for seedlings seed for arrow and hand seeding. And then that's what really allows us to be able to reforest in a significant way after these massive fire events that we see every year. And that's, and that is where we can build that capacity. So there's, there's hope we can do that, but we have to invest a hell of a lot of money into doing that. And that's where the carbon credits come in. Because we're able to be able to basically take companies that are making carbon neutral and negative pledges. And then there's not enough credits in the system for them to be able to make those pledges and expand. And so we're looking at that and saying, okay, well, forward looking credits or the capture of carbon over time, where there is legal easements put on the property, which guarantees that there will be that capture. And that's how we look to accomplish that. So very long answer there, but I love it. I love it all. So what kind of credits are not available everywhere what states are you operating in which actually have carbon credits, which provide a benefit to the landowner. Well, so California's carbon credit markets and going strong I'll distinguish here that we operate within the voluntary credits. So there's no need to have a market per se that requires you any company can go out there and say what's a separate carbon footprint is and then start looking at what are options. And so the markets that are out there, the voluntary market, there's an exchange through climate action reserve that can be utilized today by anyone in any state, but the markets as a market are starting to expand and emerge. It is a very, very large business about 272 billion was I think the refinitives last analysis of carbon credits that was vast majority with that is it was in the EU, but that is expanding California's carbon market has been going strong for over a decade. It learned from Kyoto protocol put a price floor on carbon. And just pass a carbon market this year, and then Canada just wanted to be your court fight the federal government has the authority was where it was ruled to establish a national carbon and then Oregon has had the vote and state legislature to be able to pass a carbon market for well on a year plus now, but they haven't had quorum or this this the sufficient number of members in the Senate to be able to actually pass the market. So I think it's very similar to what we see with the legalization of cannabis, the states that were the first movers there so you can be the first movers to adopt carbon markets. Now you'd be a good reason for a given state to adopt carbon credits, because you're, you know, you're tangible visible, and you have metrics you can determine, they can determine what you put in and how well it worked. Speaking of how well it works. Do you ever have to go back later and say, hmm, that didn't work so well. We followed up and we found that it wasn't growing at the same rate or covering the same ground in the way we had hoped. So we're going to do it again. Does that ever happen. Oh yeah, it's a probability game, which is that you're looking at how do we boost the probability for for folks that are it's a binary of like, oh the trees grew or the tree didn't. That's not how it works. You're like how can we get the right number of trees on to the on to the land. So in our R&D projects. Yeah, we definitely have misses. We don't know about if it's hard for whether it's seedlings or seed to survive a heat down. That is a big, you know, that drying out is top work through. And so, like any agriculture, weather plays a factor. So we, what we look as is how do we mitigate those risks. So in our carbon credit projects, we work in big ways to mitigate those risks have multiple phases to the project so they're in the spring they're in the fall they can be multi year. And the methodology itself, you better believe they put in a bunch of protocols in place of how do we deal with fire risk. What if a project is separate several years old burns again. All there's a there's an insurance pool the credits and those credits are retired. It is a trustworthy system where you can look at and say okay, there's a number of methodologies for different from soil carbon to reforestation to range lens etc. Well they come up with protocols and how do we deal with the risk well the same way the insurance industry deals with it which is all projects contributed to a risk pool project gets hit the credits from that risk pool retired accordingly. And so that's kind of some of the factors there and then having third parties that go out and verify allows people to say oh okay yes there was somebody, they were not the company, they went out there, they actually physically looked at the trees they're growing. And then we're actually starting to see technological advances and to be able to reduce the cost of that well, once the trees get to be a certain age you can start to see them on satellite images, and you can start to reduce the cost of that so there's companies like the Shaman others that are doing great work in that space. Wow. This is science and technology and data gathering. It's really more sophisticated than I would have imagined. What about the species you know you said a lot of things that make me feel that the species counts. Sometimes you want one species or the customer does. Sometimes you want another, sometimes a given species species will do better in fire weather drought flood what have you. And sometimes you want a certain species for the natural ecology of it. How do you choose the species, and is it a negotiating arrangement between you and the customer do you always agree. So to make a recommendation it's always, it's always like what are the land managers priorities. That is where the focus is. But what that means for us is that if you're a timber company you don't want to see it burn again. I mean those that is where the conversation like this usually heads, you don't want to see it burn again you want to utilize species that are growing grow well for our carbon credit projects, the projects that we're doing are put under conservation easement. So that ceases to be timberland when we do those projects under professional easement. So in that case we're our first project we've got nine species in total. There are various conifers. And so basically out of those projects, what happens is we start to create a lot more biodiversity that's on the stands etc. And now, timber companies again I'll mention like what their focus is when, when there's projects and they're looking to reforce quickly and similarly to like capture that carbon. What they're focused on is also mitigating the biggest risk to their business which is fire. And so their species that are native that are ponderosa pine that has a bark, kind of like a crush bumper on a car. What happens out of that is it's designed to burn a little bit and still allow the tree to live. So that's a, that's a desirable species from both the commercial standpoint, as well as from a fire resiliency standpoint, and then you start to mix that in. So that's kind of that bushy middle section, depending upon species that, as far as the, the kind of what the ladder is, how fire moves up the height of a tree, where it starts to factor some of those aspects in, as well as just kind of what are the other evolutionary mechanisms that tree species has but culture is a way to defend against fire because trees respond differently. And then selection of trees, there's a nice overlap between what is commercial, what is fire resistance. And that's, that's where that's how we make recommendations for our customers. It makes me that you must be an agricultural scientist are well trained in it and maybe you have agricultural scientists on your staff and and or that you consult with them on a regular basis to refer refine your, you know, decision process and refine your systems am I right. I myself have a great team surrounding me. And so my, my job here is to basically integrate, give direction and take what is a multiple, multiple discipline approach for a company. We've got folks that are coming out of the military, have a ton of experience operating aircraft, specifically large aircraft that are remote and autonomous. We've got folks that are coming from PhDs in civil culture. Mass masters in post fire ecology. We've got folks that are coming from the largest nurseries on the West Coast, and assisting us and building out our operations. And these are folks that we've all recruited on the basis of mission. We're going to be able to make reforestation scale will mitigate the worst effects of climate change. It doesn't believe that doesn't mean the trees are the silver bullets to things. What it means is that we're an interdependent. And if we lose all of our forests, that's going to be a massive gigaton dump of carbon. So we should do everything in our power to maintain our forests, reforest as fast as possible each and every year, and try and buy more time for all the other people working on cow burps or direct air carbon capture or seaweed. Everyone in tech working on climate is interdependent. And if we're not putting a price on carbon, decarbonizing, electrifying everything. We are just going to face a far more negative future, not for just for our kids, but for ourselves. By the time I'm 60 at this trajectory, like my golden years are not going to be fun, and everybody should be thinking accordingly to that, which is that where we're headed on the trend lines with climate change, we very, very much need to focus very large amounts of effort, people's time, if people aren't working on climate. There are so many opportunities to figure out how to transition, how you spend your eight hours a day working on climate I highly encourage you to take a look at this. Absolutely. One thing we one thing before we run out of time is, you know, drones have only been around for what maybe 15 years, maybe something like that. Maybe 20 max and you must be refining your systems, refining your equipment refining, how you use the equipment that of course the, you know, the communications and control aspects of what you do. Can you describe briefly what the arc has been. How have you developed say over the past 10 years, in terms of, you know, your, your drone equipment. So we got started in 2016, we went through Techstar Seattle, and it was right kind of at the tail end of like the very large investments in the VC space in drones. And it was a, it was a lot of investments. Oh, and then as we see like sometimes there's that sort of valley of death for startups where it's sort of like great the expectations were way higher than the technology can deliver. So building on that over five years, it has continued to be a platform in which drones navigate terrain, navigate terrain faster than running wind sprints up and down with 40 pound payloads. Forestry, when we started working with various land managers, many would expect okay like forestry like people may be concerned about the drones or like suspect of them or we had the opposite experience. We were talking about many people were like, we wondered when you were going to get here. So there was a definite like, we're on board, we're looking forward to not running wind sprints and providing better tools to people like we don't plow fields with oxen and draft animals anymore, we have tractors. And so we're looking for those tools when we still have farmers so we're looking for those tools to be able to be more efficient in what we do each and every day. And so we've been continuing to build bigger and better payload delivery systems and at the time that we came up. There was really only consumer and military those were the sort of two buckets of kind of where drones were at, and the consumers not built for 1000 assemblies and disassemblies and we take it out to site per season. So we built our own, which made them far more resilient as we're going to focus as we start to see the drone industry mature further and further. We're starting to see some exciting technology that will then add our software to to be able to have longer flight teams and bigger payloads so we're pretty excited about that as well as having the operating experience and trust with the FAA to be able to operate in the in the with swarms and remote locations. Wow, what a great idea build your own, stay ahead of the curve always, you know, and deforestation is happening around the world. And you must have, you know, a better handle on this but my guess would be is that deforestation is the most dangerous vector leading to climate change because of the amount of acreage that's being destroyed every day. And in many countries, I'm thinking Brazil in many countries it happens without limitation, and it happens with the government turns a blind eye, and people are you know wrecking thousands and thousands of acres of forest all day long. So it seems to me that what you're doing and you know the future of what you're doing is probably one of the most salient efforts the world can make that is to reforest. And so of course I you know it goes without saying that your operation, the need for it will expand your operation will fill that need but my question is, what do you see for drone seed now that it has acquired silver seed now that it has developed this technology. And it has, you know, looked so far and wide for better ways to do things. What do you see for the future of drone seed here and elsewhere out of the country in places where, you know, there's an abiding need to reforest right now. That reforestation need is something that people understand. We're hardwired biologically to appreciate and love trees from wherever whatever ecosystem we're coming from is something that it's been sustaining for us as we've evolved through the centuries. So for us, basically what we see is, for today, what we're focusing on is expanding our footprint west of Colorado and in Dwight. We have projects that are in the R&D phase there and looking to expand how we utilize carbon capture and how we utilize carbon credits to be able to fund that reforestation and take it from a compliance cost. And yes, we'd like the trees to grow, but everybody would like to be pay as little as possible to know these are the highest quality credits you can get. They've been fired. Here's the native species. Here's the locale, etc. And so that's really where we're taking that over time as we expand. What we're starting to see is start to see operations that are focusing on where is that seed supply for focusing on how do we operate with locals. I've lived 25% of my life abroad and for separate continents, and the answer is not parade in as the Americans to be like we've got this problem solve. So I'd like to come in and basically say, like, look, let's talk to folks that are managing Lente, figure out what their objectives are and how we can provide technology and capital to work with and be able to boost those objectives to reforest faster. And so that's something that as far as an approach that we come at it with from a company perspective, that's similarly something that we'll be looking at as we grow and expand. But first and foremost, we had a huge problem with wildfires today in California and Oregon and Washington, all the way up into BC, and that is not isolated as they're worth a big media fires are there are five to 10 other fires of similar fires that are just not affected structures, they're not affecting livestock and other pieces, the remote areas, they're just not getting the coverage so that's something that we I see a weekly report, and you start to see here's 10 to 20,000 acres added to this fire and we've got a list of right now I think 10 to 15 right now we're tracking and starting to sort of watch the spawning as it's growing so it's something that take care of where we're at today. First and foremost, expand rapidly with the with still to see a nursery operation secret and each of those four protocols that make us that vertically integrated company. And one one last scenario and one last request for comment when a place is deforested, whether by burning or any any other way. The wildlife that lived in that forest has to go somewhere else. And when it goes somewhere else you you have the risk of, you have the risk of it, you know, coming into human inhabited areas. And sometimes bringing disease with it called spill over disease. And, you know, there are many scientists who believe that's exactly how SARS and mayors and coven that were originally generated that bats for example that lived in forests, had no forest anymore, and they had a move, and they moved closer to humans and they brought with them their viruses. So the question I put to you is, you know, you can build a new forest. You can grow new trees. But how do you reattract the wildlife that was there before. By creating habitat. Once habitat is created. You start to see, and this is my background is coming from more of the the conifers and the silver culture side of things. But there's a number of cases from other disciplines where you start to, you know, you reintroduce wolves or you reintroduce a keystone species. One of the keystone species comes to the site because there is habitat, aka there's food. And so I, you know, these are human metaphor, like put food out people will eat it well you put food out we we find that that's one of our biggest obstacles we put seed out. How do we reduce that predation. How do we put those trees to come back provide that habitat and create more food for in the form of cones and seed. And so that's something that you start to see some of those first species come back that attracts the other species and then that's how you really rebuild over time. And that is something that we see as our, our key function which is how do we restore for us, each and every year faster, so that those, so that animals have that habit that and then we put it under a carbon credit easement. It's burned ground, we reestablish those trees that land now has a legal conservation status. And that is habitat for animals, and if we do it right we do it with political polyculture. We talked to those managers we convinced them hey this is the right way to resist her. This is the right way to be able to establish that is something that's very, you know, impactful for attracting additional species is that polyculture out in the environment. Grant, I'm so glad we ran into each other. I'm so glad you came on our show. It's so important to talk to you appreciate you admire you for what you're doing. We will we will follow you, because we know you know you're you're going places not only in terms of the business aspect but in terms of dealing with climate change you're an important factor. I'm so delighted you were here today. Thank you so much Grant Canary, CEO of Drone Seed.