 warm welcome everyone. So we are going to see the Indian quality privacy of questions. We are going to take up few previous questions from Indian quality, some selective questions. And then we are going to do the answer discussion in this video. So I'm Rajkumar faculty of Shankarayas. We are not going to take up one question paper full of quality like that. We are going to select selected some 20 questions from the year 2011 to that of 2022. So in the span of 12 years, about 20 selective questions is taken from various years from just a limited set of topics, not from variety of topics, a limited set of topics so that we can have a better idea of those areas. To be precise, I can tell you these are all the areas 20 questions has been taken up. So local governments, Punjay, Tiraj, municipalities, PESA Act, etc. and then scheduled and tribal areas, direct to principles of state policy is in a very limited way. You can even skip this topic because it is a limited way. One question direct to principle is a little bit connected other than the DPSP we're not going to focus much. And the questions that come from schedules to the constitution of India and the constitutional and non-constitutional body statutory body like that. So I can tell you four areas broadly, direct to principles, slight connection. One question is a little bit connected with the DPSP in this entire stretch of 20 questions. We are going to see 20 questions here. And before we start this one, what's going to be the objective of this discussion? The objective of this discussion is twofold I can tell you. Number one, we are going to see the answer. Why this answer? If this is the question, then what's the answer? And how we can choose that answer? Is it a factual question or if it requires a conceptual understanding? Or if it requires a conceptual understanding, can we apply any kind of logical reasoning to eliminate some answers or pick some answers? Can we do any such kind of a is there any kind of such kind of possibilities are there? We'll look into this. So we'll make an answer discussion, finding out a key and the best way to arrive at a key that we will see. Number two, we look for the rational of the question. Why this question is asked? That's the very important thing. So why a question is asked in UPSC? If you ask that question, particularly for the subject like polity and environment, they have a lot of current of irrational will be there. So if you look for reasoning, why this question has come? If you go and search for answer for this question, you'll come to see that basically all the polity problems questions could be categorized into three broad categories. One is questions coming up from the static material, no other rational. We said in syllabus we asked you to prepare static material you would have went through. So just answer this kind of questions will be there, straight away from the static material. And second type of questions is that syllabus related current events will be going on. So it happened in the last one to one end of year, it was in news. So newspaper is the material from there. We took this question, this kind of a thing will be there. Set of questions you can put them into this category. Third set of questions. It was a current of your discussion on the subject matter but the question was not from frame from the current of fear. The current of your news article is just like a trigger. You have to get triggered and get into the static material, go for the background, read the static material with the basics, fundamentals, background, etc, etc from the static material. So we framed question from that static material which is based from the current. So likewise we can split into three broad categories directly from static, from current of fear, current of your base static. So likewise we can categorize broadly any single quality question, every single question, quality question, you can put them into any of the three categories you can put them into. There's no fourth category I can say. All the questions you can accommodate in three categories. So the objective is this. We find the key, we'll try to find the key and then we'll find the rational for the question. And this is very important because one more reason is there. This question paper analysis of previous year of preliminary is very, very significant, very important because the problem syllabus is only very indicator. So for Indian polity we have to read nearly 1000 pages around including current of fear for one to one end of year. We have pre-current of fear as well. And when we read that it's a huge area to be covered, but if you look into the syllabus is just one end of line, that's the syllabus. The syllabus is very broad, it's very brief, it's too general, it's just an indicator that's all. But lot has to be interpreted from the syllabus and you have to prepare a lot of sub areas from the broader topic of main syllabus. Which means necessarily it's mandatory you have to go through the previous year questions to get an idea about the subject, how the questions are framed. So basically a syllabus tells you what you want to read, but previous year questions will tell you how you want to read, what you want to read. So going through the previous year questions is very significant. So that we'll do this in this exercise. I'll just make a beginning 20 questions and then you can do the rest of the questions by yourself. So first before we start we'll just go through the syllabus. It's very indicative I told. So the syllabus topic is Indian quality and governance. Just to only five topics is mentioned. If you look into those topics first one is constitution. Now this is a much bigger word, that's a very broad word, that's a true general word constitution of India. Constitution of India, we have large things and the world's lengthiest constitution is in fact Indian constitution. It's a very broad topic. And then if you see the remaining four topics that is mentioned they are so specific and precise. They are so sharp. So political system. Yeah. So the word has to be interpreted. What is political systems? What does India's political system versus basically it's concerned with the Indian only. So you have to look at from the Indian perspective. So what does Indian political system if you ask means we have democratic system, representative democracy model, parliamentary democracy, parliamentary system we follow. And then federal system we follow. That's striking unitary features we have. And then this is written constitution based system. Constitutionalism is there in India, rule of laws in India. So these are all the basics of Indian political systems. So all those ideas theoretically, conceptually, what are all the characteristics of a parliamentary system? What are all the characteristics of a democratic system? Constitutionalism means what? And about the concept. So likewise, this area is mostly a conceptual area. And you must be preparing the areas that I've listed. No, these are all the areas you must be preparing. And if you see the syllabus was published in 2012, I mean, the question started to come from the syllabus 2011 onwards. And if you see, since 2011, you will recognize that almost every year having at least one question from those areas that I've listed. So political system. And then Punjay Tiraj, word is specific. Look at it. There is constitution. There is part nine inside, inside the constitution, part nine deals with the panchayatiraj. Though the panchayat is naturally, if you're asked to prepare constitution, definitely you'll be preparing panchayatiraj anyway. But what made UPSC to go one step ahead, one step extra, and to mention this panchayatiraj means they are telling you this one, prepare constitution, you'll be preparing panchayatiraj anyway, but pay special attention to panchayatiraj. That's what UPSC is saying. So panchayatiraj, you have to make a special attention to this topic. Local governments, I can tell you broadly, don't restrict only into panchayats and understand it as local governments and prepare the whole local governments and then public policy. All the policy decisions made by the government, it may be executive decision, any ministry is making, any important executive body is making or parliament is passing an actor, any program has come, any scheme has come. You can see that this is mostly current affair. It's mostly current affair. I can tell you about, if I want to put it in number, I can tell you more than 90% of the questions from public policy could be current affair. But if you see the classification of questions, if you see when the previous questions are classified on subject basis, you will come to see that the public policy questions which normally you should have put in a polity area. Normally you'll see that if suppose the policy is related to economics, they'll keep it as economic subject. The public policy is related to environment, they'll keep that question into environment. But broadly you can see that syllabus topic is saying you to prepare the public policy and then next to rights issues. That's why you can see that every year, the concept of right you must be aware and closer to it's the concept of liberty you must be aware. And then fundamental rights, not just fundamental rights, other rights in the constitution and various other statutory rights and even questions coming from human rights, United Nations Charter of Human Rights, it goes outside also. The rights you have to, you can see that questions coming up from rights, forest rights act for the provision, the central questions coming up. So these are all the specific topics anyway and then they put a safe word, etc. That's the most safest word you can put. Now let's get into the weightage of the subject. So totally in the last 12 years, so we had 169 questions in total. This may not be precise, I might have missed four or five questions overall in these 12 years. So maybe one or two questions, etc. adding and I can tell you it can go up to 175 in the last year, last 12 years. This is when the present syllabus questions are asked. So that's why we took from 2011 to 2022. And you can see that the lowest number of questions came in 2016, just seven questions. But one year it's going up to 22 questions in a year out of 100. So you can understand the weightage of the quality. Approximately you can say 12 years, 169 questions, approximately 15 questions in a year roughly you can say that. Yeah, that's the weightage of the subject. And now we are going to not we are going, we are not going to see from all the areas one one sample question, but the agenda of this video is going to be just questions from the four areas, little bit connected with one area DPSP in that these four areas where we have taken selectively 20 questions and we are going to discuss answers for those. And one more thing I have to tell you, what is the rationale behind choosing this 20 questions? Is there any particular reason why this specific 20 questions picked up? There is no such reason. The only condition is that the four areas we have to take the question. That's the only condition and randomly questions has been picked up. Okay, so we'll start seeing the questions one by one. Let's start with the question number one. So this is how it goes. The question came in 2011. The Constitution 73rd Amendment Act 1992, which aims at promoting the panchayatraj institutions in the country provides for which of the following. So 73rd Amendment Tax Consent what it has contributed to, what it has created. That's what the question is. Constitution of district planning committees, whether it has created that? Okay, number two, state election commissions to conduct all panchayat elections. And number three, establishment of state finance commissions. Okay, select the correct answers using the codes below one only one and two only two and three only one two and three. Okay, whether 73rd Amendment created state election commission? Yes. Whether it has established state finance commissions? Yes. Whether it has constituted district planning committee? No. Okay, why? This is a factual question. That's a pure factual question. Fact is involved. Okay, I have not went through the facts, but I know the concept. I've read the area two, three times. I've read the area, but still I don't remember. But even then you can choose the answer if you apply a little bit of logic. Okay, panchayat elections is conducted by state election commission. You all know that 73rd Amendment Act 1992, it inserted part nine article 243 to 243. Oh, and then 74th Amendment Act, the immediately consecutively it was passed immediately successfully to this 73rd Act. The 74th Amendment Act inserted part nine A article 243 P to 243 is a G insert. But if you see the state election commission, what does it do? Basically any student who has went this went through this local government. Yeah, had a basic conceptual understanding of local government idea about the local government. He would say that state election commission conducts two elections basically. In fact state election commission itself has been creation in the Indian constitution in 1992 only because there is no such office before. We had election commission of India, but state election commission is new creation in India just three decades back in 1992. Why it has been created it is created with exclusively one agenda to conduct elections for the panchayats and municipalities. We know that. So state election commission conducts elections for panchayats and municipalities. This is the basic idea of any student who is preparing local government must be knowing. So if this body is conducting panchayat elections, naturally it should have been created by 73rd Amendment, right? For example, you create panchayats, but without telling who is conducting panchayat elections, the part nine would be incomplete. The part of Indian the part of local government, the part of panchayat would be incomplete unless you create a body called the state election commission. Similarly, state finance commission also the same manner only. So it has been. So both has to be created definitely by 73rd Amendment. We can apply a reasoning. Whereas for this question with respect to district planning committees, okay, you do not know whether in part nine it is there or part nine year it is there. Even if you do not know, but just basically if you look into it, what does a district planning committee do? It basically collects the plan or basically it makes a plan. It creates a plan for the development of the district area by collecting plans from the panchayats and municipalities in the area. So the district planning community default function is that it has to make a plan, development plan for the whole district based on the plans made by the panchayats and municipalities in a district. So without creation of municipalities, district planning committee is meaningless. So the district planning committee is created under part nine year after the creation of municipality. I mean, municipalities has to be there. Then only district planning committee will become meaningful. And before you create municipalities, creation of district planning committee is also meaningless. You cannot create it. So part nine alone is not enough. I mean, creation of panchayatAKE is not enough to make this district planning committee to come into effect. So, if you know the basic, the very first and primary fundamental function of the district planning committee, you will recognize that it involves functions that is related to the municipalities. So, without the municipality being created in the constitution, there is no possibility of 73rd amendment creating district planning committee. If you apply that logic also, you can find an answer. So, this is the key. So, answer is one and two only. Answer is B for this question. Now, why this question has come? Is there any rationale for it? I can tell you one thing. As far as the local governments are concerned, if any question is coming from the panchayatiraj or from the local government area, don't look for a reason. Is there any specific reason? Was it in current affair? Was not in current affair? Or it is a current affair? Let's not look into that question. I can tell you if this question is coming from the political system or from the panchayatiraj or from the rights issues or from the public policy, there is no need to find a rationale for it. It's there straight away mentioned the syllabus preparedness. What else could be a better rationale than the syllabus saying it specifically? So, don't look for a rationale. But even then I can tell you there is one rationale remotely we can say that. This act was passed in 1992 and it was passed on 24th April 1992 from 2010 onwards. The ministry of panchayatiraj started organizing April 24 of every year, 2010 onwards they started doing it. April 24 of every year as a national panchayatiraj day. That was celebrated 2010. It was celebrated. The question came in 2011 not in 2010 because the celebration was done within less than one month 2010 problems came. So, the next problems basically is 2011 problems. So, in that sense also when the and throughout the year there were newspapers making lot of discussions as well regarding the panchayatiraj. So, when panchayatiraj is celebrated naturally you expect that thing so that is how it was. So, other than that I don't find any rationale for this question. It's there in syllabus that's why we prepare it. But I can tell you the local government devaluation of powers and finances up to local levels this topic is mentioned in your main syllabus. So, on 25th year of this act coming into force 1992 the 25th year is 2018. We had one mains question and then 30th year that was 22 2022 and 30th year also there was a mains question. 24th year, 25th year question, 30th year question. So, very naturally you have to look for the panchayatiraj act has come. Local government has been created. The dream has been a little bit of dream has been achieved. Then very naturally 24 years silver jubilee you have to look back. You have to make an assessment. If you see 2018 mains question it asked for assessment of the functioning of panchayatiraj in India or if you see the 2022 questions it asked about the significance of local government or something like that. So, anyway that's mains questions anyway. But I can tell you this question makes me to go there. So, the question second one the fundamental object of panchayatiraj system is to ensure which among the following people's participation in development first came in 2015 political accountability democratic decentralization financial mobilization. Okay, one two and three only one two three and four is there. So, all the options comes are only two options comes are three options comes to the options are very closer. It's a tight question. I can tell you when this question came before UPSC published the answer key. It was a debate going on. This is one of the controversial question throughout India not a controversial question. A mixed answers were coming up. Yeah, some experts are predicting saying that all the four comes some says that one two and three comes but not four. Some are saying only one and three comes. So, there was a debate because this question involves a little element of subjectivities involved. But I can tell you if you pay a close attention you can make an objective analysis I mean I can say the right between the right choice and the wrong choice a thin line runs. So, that's why this question is a little bit a tough question to arrive at a conclusion but if you make an honest analysis I can tell you objective analysis perfectly possible. Let's see how it is. Look at this one. Why the lock of panchayatiraj system has been created 73rd amendment created panchayatiraj system. Why it has created what is the rational behind it. The fundamental rational behind is democratic decentralization nobody will doubt that. So, three always comes 100 percent for sure. Like the same it is not for the financial mobilization local governments doesn't mobilize any resources at all in fact they themselves for their own financial resources they are dependent on the government state government for them to enable them to mobilize more from state governments have not devolved enough power for the local governments to mobilize more funds. So, financial mobilization doesn't come whereas democratic decentralization surely it comes. So, which means four we can eliminate and three has to come. So, which means either this so this is not so either it can be one in three only and so this is also not one two and three one. So, now the question is about two which is political accountability. That's where the most of the debates went in India before UPSC published a published answer. People's participation in development also comes that's for sure. There is no doubt in that. In fact, I can tell you the two fundamental reasons why the local government panchayatiraj has been created in India is these are the two things one is democratic decentralization and people's participation in development. It empowers people. It enables them to take part in the democratic developmental process. It empowers weaker sections of these things and also because SCSD reservation is there women reservation is there. So, it is empowering weaker sections in that sense it is it's fulfilling the objective and most of the development plans, developments, teams of central and state governments is executed through the local government. So, for people's participation and what is the primary function of the local government? Constitution indicates two functions for them. One is preparing plans for economic development and social justice and implementing plan schemes related to the economic justice, social justice and economic development with respect to those items mentioned in the 11th schedule. So, when you just basically go through the two functions that is granted to the panchayatiraj by the constitution, you will come to recognize that they do a lot of development related activities and it enables people's participation and development. So, I can tell you keep it in your mind, democratic decentralization and people's participation and development are fundamental objectives of panchayatiraj. That's okay. What about this political accountability? Political accountability basically accountability means what? The politicians are made the leaders are democratically elected, the leaders they are accountable to the electorate who has elected them. That's basically accountability, this political accountability. The local governments created possibilities for accountability. If this question is asked, you have five years once election is coming up, so what else could be the testing of the accountability? What is basically accountability? Accountability means the answerability that I do something I'm answerable to you. You ask me a question I have to answer you. This is accountability and this is just one aspect of accountability. Second, accountability is that when I do wrong, when I go wrong, I have to be punished also. Sanctions has to be imposed on me. So, I'm answerable to you and when I deviate, when I do wrong, then I'm going to get the sanctions from you. If these two conditions are full, you call it as a political accountability, right? Broadly. Whether if that has been come up because of panchayat raj, if you see it means that has not happened. Look at this one. Basically, they don't have that much bigger powers. The real powers is not it interested to the local governments by the state legislatures. And so biggest challenge even today, 30 years have been completed panchayat raj in India. But still now we are discussing about the non-devolution of enough financial powers and enough political powers to the local government. But still it is a debatable area. So, with no real power interested to them, where does the question of where does the significance of making the leaders accountable to the people comes into? Whether we have brought any right to recall the representatives, right to remove the representatives, if suppose they do wrong, these kinds of things and all, it's not even discussed in India. It's not even considered as a priority in India. What is our priority today is to enable them to function as unit of self-government by mobilizing their own financial resources by having more and more powers. This is what under the debate today about making them accountable to the people. And we also know that most of the powers related to the panchayat areas and all still exercised by the district administration. District electorate plays a very important role and they does a lot of things, permissions and all of that. So, the real power is with the district administration, still not with the various departments of districts, but not still with the panchayats. So, naturally the question of political accountability doesn't come. I can tell you, if you genuinely look into whether Panchayat Raja has achieved people's participation in development in India, yes it has politicized them. It has made, it has endowed them with sense of responsibility. It has enabled the people to, even if you see that Balwantrai Mehta committee, which is the root origin, later LM Singhvi committee, it ended in with LM Singhvi committee and this Balwantrai Mehta committee, why it was constituted, they looked into the community development program and national extension service scheme, how they are practically implemented. So, what is the best measures that could be suggested to implement these kinds of schemes in a better way. So, basically to implement the development schemes, we need a local government. That's what Balwantrai concluded. So, the basic idea for creation of local governments itself to bring development. So, that's why democratic decentralization, this one you choose, whether it has created financial mobilization, if you say no, then you have to say no, the same logic you can apply and you can say no to the political accountability also. So, honestly looking into the Indian Panchayat Raja, a genuine student will say, yes, it has brought this one, this has this one, but this has not been brought by the 73rd amendment, not by the Panchayat Raja. That's what a student will conclude into and that's what UPSC is also expecting. This is the answer. So, once again, as I said, there was a little subjectivity involved, a thin line that distinguishes between this political, I mean, not choosing this one, choosing this one between that, the small lines runs there, but if you apply this logic end of the day, you can come to the conclusion that one and three only, not the political accountability. So, this all comes. Yeah, second question is over. Let's go for the third question. Consider the following statements. The minimum age prescribed for any person to be a member of Panchayat is 25 years. Know that that's 21 years, that's wrong. A Panchayat reconstituted after premature dissolution comes only after continues only for the reminder period. That's also true. Both statements are correct. Which of the following statements are correct? So, both one and two. It's a basic factual question straight away from the factor, straight away from the material. If you are familiar with the basics, facts, it's a fact-based question anyway. So, what's the first thing? The minimum age prescribed for any person to be a member of Panchayat is 25 years. You'll see that there is no qualification as such as prescribed by the part nine of the constitution in the Panchayat Raj Park. It rather it says disqualifications is mentioned, but not the qualification. So, what does it say about disqualifications? It says that or it says that what are the qualifications required for a member member of legislative assembly? Broadly the same thing goes here. But to MLA it is 25 years, but for a member of, to become a member of local government, to contest in local government, Panchayat or municipality elections 21 years. So, it's not 25. You must be knowing. And then, as I said, it is a basic fact. And then Panchayat reconstituted after the premature dissolution continues only for the reminder period. That is straightforward that is given in the material. Straight forward it is there in the constitution it is mentioned. Local governments throughout the state, all local government elections is conducted at one go. The Panchayats and municipalities generally that is how it is conducted. So, if suppose any Panchayat is dissolved. So, once a Panchayat election is conducted, Panchayats are constituted in a state, municipalities constituted its functions for five years. And before the expiry of term of five years, next Panchayat elections has to be conducted for the whole state. So, new Panchayats has to be elected. That's what I'm saying. What if suppose a Panchayat gets discontinued in mid of the five year duration, say for instance, after two years of functioning, one Panchayat is dissolved. So, the election will be conducted for that Panchayat alone. The dissolved Panchayat alone, new election will be conducted and new Panchayat will be constituted for that part. After the dissolution within six months, the election has to be conducted. That's what the constitution says. And if the Panchayat gets dissolved, a premature dissolution of a Panchayat happens and just six months left for the whole state Panchayat election, then there is no need to conduct the election for that specific premature dissolved Panchayat. That's also constitution says. So, straight forward from the material, so only for the remainder period. For example, two years, one Panchayat is dissolved and within six months, say for instance, at the end of two and a half year, that Panchayat election is conducted. It functions only for the next two and a half years. It doesn't function for the whole set of next five years. Because once the five year is completed for the whole state, new Panchayat elections has to be conducted. So, it functions basically only for the remainder period. Straight forward from the book actually basically. So, this is the key. And if you look further rational, why this question has come, if you find the answer for this question. I can tell you one thing. The question came in 2016. The Panchayat Act was passed in 1992. It came into force in 1993. The Act gave one year time for all the states to amend all their Panchayat acts to make them in line with the part nine order provisions. So, most of the states acts were passed by 1994. And the elections in most of the states for the Panchayat, the first general elections for Panchayat started to be conducted from 1995 onwards. So, that's why you see that most of the states in the 95 Panchayat elections were conducted or 96 it got conducted. That's why you see that every year, every time, the period of the years that ends with five, the year ends with zero, you will have a lot of Panchayat elections going on in various states. You will be getting them in years. 95 we can say is first general elections. First Panchayat elections in most of the states are 96. And the next in 2000 or 2001. And the next one in 2005 or 2006. Next one in 2010 or 2011. Next one is 2015 or 2016. So, I can tell you it's four per series of elections that was going on various states. I can tell you 2015, the number of states. I still remember this year, before this 2016, 2015, so many states. So many states went with the elections, Gujarat there were elections, Karnataka there were elections, and Jharkhand there was elections, Himachal Pradesh there was elections, Uttar Pradesh there was elections. I know the Uttar Pradesh. So, these states and all 2015 series of Panchayat elections. So, repeatedly the newspaper, the Panchayat elections was announced. And one more historic thing happened. A significant thing happened in 2015 also. The Haryana state government, they made additional qualification. The Haryana Panchayat Raj Act was amended by the Haryana Legislature. And a qualification of educational qualification was prescribed to contest in the Constitution doesn't fix any education qualification. It simply says 21 years of age and then not disqualified under any act made. And the disqualifications that is for the MLAs will be applicable only these things are said. Whereas Haryana state legislature said minimum there should be certain education qualification to contest in Panchayat elections. The validity of it was challenged in the court and Supreme Court upheld 2015 December, six months around before this exam. This question coming up in exam, the qualification was repeatedly in news. Age only is in Constitution is there. There is no education qualification and all. But Supreme Court upheld the Haryana Act to be valid. So, it was in news. Panchayat elections was in news. The qualifications to become Panchayat members was in news. But I can tell you even you don't want to look for this kind of rational for Panchayat Raj questions. So, let us say is Panchayat Raj prepared. That's all what else we have to check for. And then we'll go for the next question. Local self government can be best explained as an exercise in 2017. It came. Federalism, democratic decentralization, administrative delegation, direct democracy. As we all know, so it is democratic decentralization. There is no doubt in that. That's what first looking of the answer options itself will choose democratic decentralization. But still any doubt you have means possibly you will have a doubt on whether this and this I think you will eliminate it at the first instant. I mean, a good student will naturally eliminate this administrative delegation could be the least possible answer or it's an impossible answer even I can tell you. Okay, why we can see federalism doesn't come. Well, know that India we have three tier government, we have third tier. But I can tell you only with respect to the structure of the government, we have local governments as the third tier, but with respect to the federal system of India, local governments is not a third tier local government because federalism means you need federalism requires division of powers. Whereas this division of power is done in the constitution. Constitution does the division of power in the seven schedule for the state government and the central government only. But it has not made the division of power anywhere, the constitution has not made 11 10 12 schedules are there, they're just indicative in nature, it's voluntary provision, it is up to the state. So as far as local government is concerned, the powers is devolved. So it is basically devolution of powers for the local government. So state government has to devolve their powers. So there are sort of impermanence is already there. So the division of powers means a permanent division of power, some supreme document will do it, whereas devolution of power means it is subject to the government to decide. So the state governments, if they wish, they can interest more powers to their local governments and they can take back the powers for themselves also, they don't want to share their powers also. So it is all up to the state governments to decide. So basically devolution is done, not division is done, state government devolves. So federalism, it's wrong. So India is a three-tire government only with respect to the structure of the government. With respect to the structure of Indian federalism, we are just two-tire federalism only. So the first option is wrong. It's far away to become local governments becoming federal system India. States won't allow it. You all know that 64th, 65th constitutional amendment bills were not passed in Rajsabha, states had very serious objections in making them as a true third-tire. They don't want their powers to be taken up and interested to some other new bodies. They're not interested in that. That's a distant dream. They are not part of federalism. And the next one is why this administrative delegation doesn't come. Administrative delegation means it is executive delegating its powers. It's not like that. Basically how the local governments gets their power devolved from. Who from the state government devolves their powers to the local government? State legislature through an act. That's what the constitution part 9 and part 9A repeatedly uses the line the state legislature through an act, state legislature through an act. So it is the legislature which interests what are the functions to them. So basically it's not through any kind of administrative delegation. Whatever power they enjoy, they are all delegated by the state legislature through an act. They are devolved through a state legislature through an act, not through delegation from the executive. And then whether it has fulfilled the goals of direct democracy? No. Direct democracy means we know that local governments impose the local people, village people, local area people, but it doesn't give them the power of direct democracy. People doesn't do the things directly. In fact, even if you see the Gram Sabha, the basic electorate, their power is very limited. There is no basically direct democracy. Even the most of the Gram Sabha, there is no substantive powers at all. And what are the powers to the Gram Sabha? Once again, state legislature has to give it to them. So Gram Sabha is most of the states that Gram Sabha doesn't have real powers and direct democracy means you know that people themselves, the village people themselves. Basically Gram Sabha has to be the ruling body. No, here Gram Sabha is just only an electing body. It's an electorate and a little bit of other functions they do. So it is the people and even preamble of the word democracy is there. Though the only the word democracy is mentioned in preamble, it doesn't indicate direct democracy. It indicates only the representative democracy. So direct democracy doesn't come up. India's representative democracy. So we can negate these three options. So democratic decentralization is the right option. So we'll go for the next question. Consider the following statements. In India, a metropolitan planning committee is constituted under the provisions of the Constitution of India. Is it true? Yes, we have article 243 Zee because 243 Zee is district planning committee. And the next article 243 Zee goes for the metropolitan planning committee. So it has been created by the provisions of the Constitution. That's true. Prepares the draft development plan for the metropolitan area. That is the fundamental function of the Metropolitan Planning Committee. That's the core. That's the primary function for them. This is exactly the reason why the Metropolitan Planning Committee has been created. Has the sole responsibility for implementing government sponsored schemes in the metropolitan area, whether it is true or not. Look at this one. First of all, the word you should have been alert here is the word sole. It's the only body. Oh, that's wrong. How can you say that? There is only one body that is implementing the development programs in a district. Even that one word, even if you're not sure about whether this is a function of the Metropolitan Planning Committee or not, still this one word will make you alert and you will be skipping this answer. You will be negating this answer. And look at this one. But if you know the theory, if you have already read the provisions, you will come to see that government sponsored scheme sort of implementation. It doesn't have any responsibility for implementing at all. They are planning committees. Look at the word. The word will help you. That's a good leading. The word gives you a lot of information. Metropolitan Planning Committee. So it's a committee. It's a group of persons, one thing. And they make plan. They make plan for the metropolitan area. That's the simple straightforward. They are just planning body. And if you look into the functions of the Metropolitan Planning Committee or District Planning Committee even, you will come to recognize that these bodies basically they are plan making body. And while making plan, they do the consultations or they can, they make a coordinated approach for pancides and municipalities in the metropolitan area. So it consults and then it recommends. It makes a plan. It recommends. So these are all the basic functions. It doesn't do any kind of executive function. The District Planning Committee or Metropolitan Planning Committee doesn't do any implementative or any executive, any administrative functions. They are just making plan making body. They just make plans. That's what their basic function is. So they doesn't have any executive functions. The executive functions is already is interested to the panchides and the municipalities. Panchides will do the executive functions. Municipalities will do the executive function. The District Panchayat is there, Intermediate Panchayat is there, Local Panchayat is there, Municipal Corporation, Municipal Council, Town Panchayats are there. They do the implementation of various schemes and programs, but never the Metropolitan Planning Committee or District Planning. They just make plan. So which means answer. So this one is wrong. Even if you do not know whether they did the executive function or not, I told that this word is enough for you to negate this answer. So answer is one and two only. So both is done. Yeah. And Metropolitan Planning Committee basically they prepare a plan. What plan? A development plan. And they forward this development plan to the state government. When they prepare the plan, they give reward regard to at least seven different matters they take into consideration. They pay attention to, for instance, you must be remembering. So you have to go through the material. So I can tell you one or two basic same, for instance, basically what does it do? It collects plan from all the Panchayats and municipalities in the metropolitan area. It collects them, go through them. And then based on those plans, they will prepare whole metropolitan area development plan they'll prepare. So they give regard to the plans which is already prepared by Panchayats and municipalities in the metropolitan area. Number two, what investments is going to come up in that metropolitan area in the near future? So they'll give regard to that. And what are the development plans already the state government and central government has got in mind for that metropolitan area, they'll give importance to that. And so these are all the basic, they're all seven different matters they give consideration to. So we don't want to get into detail of those seven matters. But anyway, so if you look at them, they'll go through all of them, they give regard to all the seven matters. And based on those seven matters, they prepare one plan for the whole metropolitan area development. And then they forward it to the state government. That's what it happened, right? Anyway, and even their recommendation do not even bind the government, the executive that doesn't want to be abided state executive in no way, it binds them. It's just a planning body. It's just a recommend. So whether it is a consultative body, if they say yes, whether it is a planning body, yes, whether it is a recommendation body, yes. Yeah, these things we can say, but with no real executive pose, it's not an executive body at all. Yeah, to the cost number. So next we'll go for cost number six. In the areas covered under the Panchayat extension to the schedule areas act, what is the role power of Gramsabha? Gramsabha has the power to prevent alienation of land in the scheduled areas. Is it true? That's true. Gramsabha has the ownership of minor forest produce. Gramsabha has got, yes, recommendations of Gramsabha is required for granting prospecting license or mining lease for any mineral in the scheduled area. Oh, this third option is a little bit, it requires that's where little complexity is there. So whether Gramsabha recommendation is required, if you ask it means yes, but still this option is wrong, because you know that it's either the Gramsabha recommendation could be asked or even Punjab's recommendation is enough. There is no need for Gramsabha loan is given. So you know that if you see the Pesach basically Pesach, if you look into the provisions of the Pesach, you'll come to recognize that there are some problems broadly three categories we can split into. There are some powers where both Gramsabha and Panchayats are jointly given the powers. That means what Gramsabha also has the power, Panchayat also has the power, both has the power. So likewise, there are some powers, at least seven different powers has been listed. For say for instance, these two powers and all both Gramsabha and Panchayats powers, Gramsabha has and what all those seven matters that's for you to read. Gramsabha has the power to prevent alienation of land in the scheduled area. That's true. That's one of the power. Gramsabha has the ownership of minus power, minor fast produce. That's also true. And areas covered in the areas covered under the Panchayat extension to the scheduled areas act Pesach, what is the role power of a Gramsabha? The role or power of a Gramsabha. So Gramsabha has the power to prevent alienation of land in the scheduled area. Is it true? Yes. That's the, that's, in fact, we can say that's the core idea why Gramsabha itself has been created under the scheduled areas. I mean, under the, why the Pesach has been passed is to enable the Gramsabha to do it. That's one of the core functions. Gramsabha has the ownership of minus power produced. That's also true. In fact, these two statements are factual statements. Straight from the functions or powers of Gramsabha it comes into. Recommendation of Gramsabha is required for granting prospecting license or mining lease for any mineral in the scheduled area. If you look into this statement, there's a little bit complexity there. First instance, when you read it, it may look as a right option and very naturally students will choose also and to trap you there is option one, two and three is there. One and two only is also there. So, but still this option is wrong. In a way it is right, but in a way it is wrong also because recommendation of Gramsabha is required. Whether it is required, look at this. Either Gramsabha or Panchayat can make recommendation. It's not that Gramsabha alone has to require. So even that means what? Even without the recommendation of Gramsabha, still it could be done and even it is not recommendation. They are just consulted. Panchayat's or Gramsabha is consulted for this one. So, and their recommendation is binding also. Yeah, it's not just consulted. Consultation come with respect to rehabilitation or resettlement or acquisition of land in a scheduled area is done. Either Gramsabha or Panchayat, the government goes and makes a consultation. But before they grant prospecting license or mining lease for any mineral in the scheduled area, definitely their recommendation is binding. So what do they say? But recommendation of Gramsabha or Panchayat, that is how it is written. So it's not the sole power of Gramsabha. So if you look into, so basically if you see the PESA Act, you will come to recognize basically there are three different categories. Number one, there are certain powers which is exercised by Gramsabha and Panchayat together. So they both of them have the powers. There are at least seven different powers and out of that seven powers only these two powers are there. And what are the other powers? For example, both Gramsabha and Panchayat has the power to ban consumption of alcohols or intoxicants, sale or even consumption. So these things and all they can prevent and the minor forest produce, they have the power to prevent alienation of land in the scheduled area, prevent money laundering, money lending, control money lending in the area. Like with seven different functions, both Gramsabha and Panchayat too. If you look closely PESA Act next to it, either Panchayat or Gramsabha. So either this, this is both Panchayat and Gramsabha. This is either Panchayat or Gramsabha has some powers. So there are three basic powers. This power is one such power. And then third one is only to the Panchayat. For example, to manage minor water bodies in an area that's exclusively given to the Panchayat not to the Gramsabha. So basically if you see the PESA Act, the powers and functions of Gramsabha and Panchayat if you look into, you will recognize them into three broad categories. Powers and functions, the responsibilities that are given to Gramsabha and Panchayat together, power that is given to either Panchayat or Gramsabha, either of them can exercise these three powers. And then just one power, which is just given to the Panchayats that I told you to manage water bodies. So it's factual area, you need to memorize them. So these two are both Gramsabha has got the power, Panchayat has the power. So Gramsabha having the power is right. But Gramsabha having this one is not needed. Even with the Panchayat's recommendation, it could be carried out. Yeah. Gramsabha's recommendation is not at all needed also. So that's why the option is one and two only. Okay. So we'll go for the next question. The government enacted and can we see a rationale for this question? Why this question PESA Act has come? I can tell you one thing. In 2010, that was passed in 1996 itself, that was passed in almost 13, 14 years later. And this act mandated that all the states which is having scheduled area in them, we have right now, we have 10 states having PESA Act and those days it was just nine states. 2014 only Telangana was created. So previously it was Andhra, now it is Andhra and Telangana. So totally 10 states are there right now, which is having the scheduled areas in them. And if you look at those 10 states, at that time, actually it was in 2010, Ministry of, I still remember it was National Commission for Schedule 5. The chairman or this commission commission or the chairman of this commission, they sent a letter to the Ministry of Panchayatraj telling them that most of the states have not made rules under the PESA Act because they reminded. So Ministry of Panchayatraj then immediately sent what, asking the states, those 10 states make rules. So they reminded the states to make their rules. PESA Act was passed in 1996, 2010 when the Ministry of Panchayatraj sent notices to the states to frame rules under the PESA Act. They said that none of the states, at that time they were nine states, none of the nine states has made complete rules under the PESA Act related to mining, related to markets or related to minerals related to this alcohol related to excise, related to forest management. A lot of minor forest produce, a lot of matters, state governments has to make rules to implement to give effect to the PESA Act. All the states have already amended their respective panchayataks to give effect to the PESA Act. But whether they have made the distinct rules related to various excise or forest, so these matters and all most of the states, that's what none of the state has made complete rules under the PESA Act in 2010. What's the status today? Okay, in 1996 it was passed and this 2021 marked the silver jubilee, 25th year and even till data, just four states, four states have not made most of the rules. Still they blame other states like Chhattishgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha. These four states have not made most of the rules under the PESA Act. They are still blamed. So it's not just phenomenon of 2010, even it is the phenomenon of 2022 also, 23 also. So the answer is the next question. So let's go for this question. The government enacted the panchayat extension to the Scheduled Areas Act PESA Act in 1996. We saw the previous question, it was in 2012. The next question came in 2013, consecutively two years PESA Act. Which of the following is not identified as its objectives? What is not the goal of PESA Act? So which is not a goal. So to provide self-governance, that's a goal, we can keep it. We can reserve the option. We have to look for the best possible wrong answer to recognize the traditional rights of the tribal people. That's absolutely right. Yeah, they are rights over their forest, their traditional rights over the land, their traditional rights over the forest, minor forest producer. So they have a lot of such prevent money laundering, it's a lot prevent money lending, it's a lot helping them to safeguard their traditional rights to create autonomous regions in the tribal areas. Now this is absolutely wrong. It doesn't create any autonomy to the region. So that's wrong because what is creating autonomy for the tribal areas autonomy is given is created by Sikh schedule. Sikh schedule of the Indian constitution gives provisions for creation of the tribal areas. That means we will be creating district councils or district councils, the governor of a state will be creating in those four states. He will be creating district councils or within them he will be creating regional councils. The district councils and regional councils function as autonomous units of self-government. That's the goal. Why Sikh schedule was created tribal areas created is to give self-administration autonomy for the tribal people but not for the Pes Act to free the tribal people from the exploitation. Yeah, that is also true. Yeah, money lending is prevented transfer of land of tribal land to the non-tribes is prevented. All the thing is done. It is preventing tribal people from exploitation. This is true. This is true. This is true. So this doesn't come up absolutely. So the idea is about scheduled area. That's fifth scheduled areas it is not the Sikh schedule area. Sikh schedule area would be intentional to create autonomy, self-government for the tribal people of the Sikh schedule areas. But in the scheduled areas there is no autonomy. It helps them in a particular way. So what are all the benefits that Pes Act offers to the panchayats in the Gram Sabha that we have seen it in the previous question. So it is only for that purpose. It is not for any kind of self-government. Sorry, it is not for any kind of autonomous self-government. And then we will go for the next question. If a particular area is brought under the fifth schedule of the constitution of India, which of the following statements best reflects the consequence of it? Reflects the consequences of it. So this would prevent the transfer of land of tribal people to the non-tribal people. If it is in fifth schedule, if that is true, that is true. We all know that under the fifth schedule the rules could be made, regulations could be made preventing transfer of tribal people to the non-tribal people. So governor could make regulations for it. That's one thing we know that. And this would create a local self-governing body in that area. Fifth schedule. It doesn't create any institutional setup for that. Yeah, there is one body. We have tribes advisory council will be created in the states where there are fifth schedule areas are there. But the tribes advisory council, as the name indicates, they are just advisory body. They advise the state executive. They advise the governor, but that doesn't do any kind of other functions. So it's an advisory body will be there. Other than that governing body, nothing is created under a fifth schedule area. No governing body is created. But under the fifth schedule area, the governing body, panchayats will be already there. Gram Sabha will be there, panchayats will be there. For them, some powers will be enlarged to throw Pesat. That's a different story. But other than that, fifth schedule of the constitution doesn't create any kind of governing body at all. If a particular area is brought under the fifth schedule of the constitution of India, which one of the following statements best reflects the consequence of it? So which statement closely comes up? So this would prevent the transfer of land of tribal people to the non-tribal people. Will it happen? Will it be a consequence if suppose an area is brought under the fifth schedule of the constitution? Yes. We all know that the governor of the fifth schedule area states where the governors are there. He can make rules, prohibition of a transfer of tribal land to the non-tribal people. He could make regulations and all could be made. And this would create a local self-governing body in that area. Does the fifth schedule create any local government body? It doesn't make any kind of local government body. The fifth schedule areas will still be under the administrative control of the state executive. Central executive will give advice, give directions to the state executive to exercise the executive power that they can do. So state executive exercises executive functions. And then central executive give directions to the state executive. Other than that, what else the body is there? We have the panchayats and municipalities which the fifth schedule has not created. And panchayats and municipalities will have the regular powers and functions except for those special responsibilities which is extended to them through the PESA Act. And then there will be one body will be there. We all know that tribes advisory council will be there for the fifth schedule area states. But that's only an advisory body that's giving advice to the state executive that is giving advice to the governor that's giving advice to the state executive to regarding the administration that likewise they'll give an advice. But there is no self-governing body as such. Nothing is created. It doesn't create it. But if suppose it is a sixth schedule area creating a local self-governing body, we saw in the previous question itself. So if it is a sixth schedule area creating a local government body, if it is a sixth schedule means that's right, but not for the fifth schedule. There is no self-government body. Some special treatment, some benefits are given to the people, not this one. But PESA Act gives a little bit of self-governing benefits for them. But only PESA Act has to extend it. Fifth schedule, the question is related to the fifth schedule. It doesn't create anything like that. PESA Act only tries to give self-governing functions to the schedule area of panchayats and grams of us. This would convert that area into a union territory. Absolutely that's wrong. It doesn't make any kind of a union territory at all. Fifth schedule is nowhere connected. It's absolutely a wrong answer. No way connected. So it's this option is given just to make an option. The state having such areas would be declared a special category state. That's also wrong. We all know that special category state has nothing to do with the fifth schedule. In fact, the special category states is not a constitutional idea. The special status to the states is given in the constitution. We all know that. But article 370, part 21 is there. Temporary transitional special provisions part is there. So article 370 to 371 J we have got. So Jammu, Kashmir, Nagaland, Arunachepades, Manipur, Mizoram, Karnataka, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra, Telangana. So 12 different states are given some special benefits. But that is special status. It has nothing to do with special category states. Special category state is something that was introduced in India in 1969 based on 5th Finance Commission recommendations. The 5th Finance Commission recommended some states to be given special treatment. And the 5th Finance Commission is not the origin of this, the special category state idea. It's based on Gajil's formula. So Gajil's formula, he listed, this commission listed. The Gajil basically listed certain conditionalities, like hill areas or scattered population or substantial tribal population is there, the resource endowment, backwardness of the people. So he listed certain criteria and based on those criteria, only special category states are created. And based on that from 1969 onwards, initially we gave to Nagaland, Jammu, Kashmir and Assam. And then slowly we started to extend to various states. And then the 14th Finance Commission is a very important body related to the special category states. They said that, do away with the concept of special category states for the states, which is except the northeastern states and the three hilly states, only to them, which means eight and northeastern states, including Sakim, seven sisters. And then Himachal Pradesh and then Uttarakhand. So only for the, and then three hilly states. So Uttarakhand is there, Himachal Pradesh is there. And one more hilly state. So only for the three hilly states and the eight, the northeastern states, which is 11 states will have the, if a particular area is brought under the fifth schedule of the Constitution of India, which of the following statements best reflect the consequences of it? This would prevent the transfer of land of tribal people to the non-tribal people. Which of the following statement best reflects the consequences? Best reflecting of consequences. This would prevent the transfer of land of tribal people to the non-tribal. That is true, actually, because we all know that the governor can make regulations transferring of the tribal land to the non-tribal people. Governor can make regulations we must be knowing. So this is correct. So this reflects, but anyway best reflects, which is so closer to we have to choose. So let's go through the other options also. This would create a local self-governing body in that area. Fifth schedule provision will create local governments in a local self-governing body in that area. That is wrong. It doesn't create. Look at it. If it is six schedule, the intention of six schedule is to create self-governing bodies in the tribal areas. We create district councils. District councils will be created or within district council, different tribes are there. Regional councils will be created. So these councils, they will function as self-governing body. But the fifth schedule doesn't create autonomy or self-government and all those things. But fifth schedule areas, self-governing body will be extended through Pesat. Pesat creates kind of self-governing powers to them. But fifth particular area is brought under the fifth schedule of the Constitution of India. Which of the following statements best reflects the consequences of it? This would prevent the transfer of land of tribal people to the non-tribal people. Is it true? This question came in 2022. So fifth schedule areas consequences. Whether under the fifth schedule area, the prevention of transfer of tribal land to the non-tribal people is happening. You know that the governor has the power to make regulations preventing the transfer of tribal land to the non-tribal people. Has got the power. That could be done. But governor has to make the rules. He can or he may not. So this option can come. This is not a compulsory option. But still, this is one of the best option that comes closer to. Anyway, we'll keep it in reserve. Let's go through the remaining options. This would create local self-governing body in that area. Do the fifth schedule creates local self-governing body? It doesn't create. If suppose it is a sixth schedule, it is creating a local self-governing body. The option is fifth schedule. That's right. Because we all know that sixth schedule creates tribal areas in four northeast and states of India, some Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram. In those states, the governors will create district councils or regional councils with industry councils. So these councils, if they are created, they act as a self-governing body. But whereas in the scheduled area, who is the governing body? So it's not a self-governing body basically. We have panchayats and panchayats will be there under the scheduled area. But they will be given some sort of self-governing powers as we saw in the previous question. Some sort of self-governing powers would be given to them. But that's extended through PES Act, not through the fifth schedule area. So that there should be a link, PES Act, Act of Parliament has to be there in order to give some sort of self-governing powers to the fifth schedule areas. Unless there is no PES Act, fifth schedule doesn't give it directly. So that option also doesn't come. We can skip that option anyway. You all know that the fifth schedule doesn't create any kind of self-governing bodies there. It's normal panchayats. Every day, every place, regular panchayats will be there. PES Act extended, that's all. But if there is no PES Act, there is no self-governing aspect also. So fifth schedule assets doesn't give that option. So we can neglect that also, negate that one. This would convert that area into a union territory. Absolutely wrong. Union territories are not created under the fifth schedule of the Indian Constitution. That's just an option. Okay, to fill the gap, this option is written. That's how we can consider. Absolutely wrong. Basically, once a normal student, normally red student itself can negate that option. That's the worst option. The state having such areas would be declared a special category state. Now that is also wrong. Absolutely wrong. Because the Constitution gives provisions related to special status to the states is given. Some special treatment is given to the states. Special provisions are given to the states. You all know that part 21 of the Constitution having articles from 370 to 371J, at least for 12 different states, Jammu, Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Tallagana, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Arnashivadeva, Mizoram, Manipur. So likewise for 12 different states, some special treatment is given under the part 21 of the Constitution. But special category states is just an executive phenomenon. That's Union government's formula, it is basically. You all know that in 1969, the special category status was recommended based on Fifth Finance Commission's recommendation. The Fifth Finance Commission is not the originator of the idea of special category states. It was based on Gargil formula. So based on what we call it as Gargil formula. So he has given some five different criteria based on those five criteria as a state could be declared as a special category state. And then you can give them some benefits with respect to the centrally sponsored schemes. There is some concession that is given to them. And so that's what it was created. It's in admins. Even you all know that Fourteen Finance Commission has even recommended to go away with the concept of special category states for various states. They said that continued for the eight northeastern states and the three hilly states. But don't continue it for other states. Right now Odisha is demanding. Andhra Pradesh is demanding. Telangana is demanding. But it's a big blow to them because Fourteen Finance Commission has said that don't give to anybody else. But instead central taxes are shared to the states only increase it to 42%. That is what they said. But don't give the special category states to any more except those eight northeastern states and three hilly states. And eight northeastern states we Sikkim and the Seven Sisters. And three hilly states means Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Jammu and Kashmir. Now Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh as a union territory. And which means union government's responsibility is now. And then so which means it has become two today. Right. So right now we have 10 states in India having the special category states and three more states at least minimum are demanding. Odisha, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana are demanding. But they won't give. They are not ready to give anyway. So this is an executive union executives business not the and Finance Commission plays a much important role in this phenomena. But it's not constitutional creation. So fifth schedule doesn't create. So the answer is A. That's why 2022 this is the question. And you all know that 2022 the issue was in news continuously because Andhra is very seriously demanding special category states for them that was coming up very frequently. And fifth schedule is already in news throughout the year mining that this always it comes up, right? Fifth schedule comes up. Which of the following provisions of the Constitution of India have a bearing on education? Direct to principles of state policy? Is it? Yes. Yes. We know that article 41 is there. Article 45 is there. And then article 46 will come to those articles. They all related to education 45 is directly connected. But 41 46 will come to that. And then rural and urban local bodies, yeah, panchayats and municipality. Yeah, if you go through 11 schedule and 12 schedule you will find education is one one subject that's for panchayats and municipalities it has been kept. So that also comes up. Fifth schedule. No direct mentioning of education anyway. So six schedule. Yeah, six schedule the district councils and the regional councils are given power to establish to administer to establish to construct and maintain schools primary schools and all they can construct that is how it is written tribal areas. The district council has the power to establish and run the school. So this is true. Seventh schedule. Yeah, seven schedule you all know that part of second amendment. Now it is under news also presently. So the question came in 2012. We'll come to that later. So for the second amendment you all must be knowing it shifted five subjects from the state list to the concurrent list. So the forest management, weights and measures. So likewise in education. So five subjects from the state list for the second amendment took it and it it made us a concurrent list provision. So seven schedule education is mentioned. Yes. Okay, for the second amendment has brought it. So one, two, four and five. Select the correct answer using the code below one and two only. That's wrong. Yeah. Because seven schedule makes a provision. How can you say no, five is there and all the three, three, four and five, which means they are skipping one. That's absolutely wrong. Direct to principle we have various articles. For instance, article 45 presently it says no. What does it say taking early childhood care and education to the children below the age of six years, it speaks about that directive is there. That's number one. And then if you see one article, so write to education, write to work and special assistance for some people, right? Old age, sickness, undeserved want and all those things. That's article 41 is speaking like that. And if you see article 46 promoting the educational and economic interests of scheduled costs and schedule tribes, that word is there. So schedule costs, SCs and STs, educational and economic interests is 46. So education is dealt repeatedly at least three different areas of education comes up in directive principles of state policy part four of the constitution. That's true. And all the rest of the things I've explained. So one, two and five only. So which means they are skipping three and four. No, that's wrong. So because six schedule areas, district councils are given the power already I've told. So one, two, three, four and five. Okay. Now look at this one. Three, I said there is no direct provision with respect to three, but optional. This is the best option we can choose. Select the correct answer using the code below so we can choose one, two, three, four and five. Okay. Remotely, you can connect indirectly, you can connect fifth schedule with education because fifth schedule directly doesn't make any provisions related to education, but I can tell you fifth schedule has the provision related to the tribes advisory council will make recommendations will give advice for the welfare and advancement of tribal people in the area. So they make recommendations on the welfare of the tribal people advancement of the tribal people means very naturally they make educational welfare related to that they will be making recommendations and central executive will be sending directions to the state executive for the welfare and advancement of the tribal people, which means obviously to improve the educational welfare of the tribal people of that area central government is expected to give the directions and all. So in that sense, you can definitely the tribal people living in the scheduled areas their educational interest will be dealt. But if you look into the fifth schedule, the word education is nowhere is used. The word is nowhere is coming up. But as I said indirectly, you can make a connection and you can say that fifth schedule gives takes care of the educational aspects of the tribal people also, likewise we can consider. So we can choose one, two, three, four and five. So the rest is wrong. Okay, which and one more thing why this question has come 2012, there is a rational clear rational for it why education became a news. You all know that right to Education Act was passed in 2009, but it came into force from April 1, 2010 onwards, it came into force. So it came into force in 2010, a constitutional validity right to Education Act constitutional validity was challenged in the Supreme Court. And in 2012, I think it was in April or somewhere two, three months, just closer to previous to this problems, 2012 problems, three, four months within that. I mean, I can tell you for starting from Jan to May period of 2012. So where in this period, Supreme Court upheld the constitutional validity of right to Education Act. This is valid. So constitutional, constitution is making provisions for education. And RT Act is trying to implement it. So it's a constitutional mandate that RT Act is fulfilling Supreme Court held that it is absolutely valid. The last constitutional, yeah, it's a constitutional mandate to fulfill education. So it was a news basically, that's the rational why this question has come not coming through any vacuum anyway. So 10th question, which of the following schedules of the Constitution of India contains provisions regarding anti-defection, anti-defection regularly news. And this is a straightforward questions from the schedules, all the 12 schedules each schedule, what does it deals with? That's the basic thing every student is expected to know. And I can tell you broadly, all the parts of the Constitution, if a part one, what's its title. So it goes from what article to what article, article one to four, it goes and then it deals about union and its territories. So and then part two starts from five to 11. It deals about citizenship. Likewise, you have to go for all the 22 parts, 25 parts in total. It ends with Roman letter 22. So all the parts, they are article ranges and what does it deals with? That's a something, that's an area that you should all memorize, because questions, if you know the skeleton of this Constitution, the structure of the Constitution with the articles and the titles of the parts means broadly, you can understand which article deals about which phenomena. So likewise, and you are tested and then 12 schedules also each one of the schedule one, two, three, up to 12 schedule, each schedule deals with what, what matter. That is also, you must be knowing questions comes from this structure of the Constitution even. It's a memory area, it's a factual area. But I can tell you with respect to part five and part six of the Constitution, part five and part six, which is related to union government, this is related to the state government, I even suggest you go for chapter wise also. For instance, if union government article number 52 to 151, if you see it means, there are subdivisions are there, union executive, that means president, prime minister, council of ministers, attorney general, vice president, club them all together. What's the article number dealing about them? What's the article that deals about parliament? What's the article that deals about Supreme Court? What's the article that deals about CAG? So likewise in each chapter wise. So these two parts, not only the part and the title and the article ranges of these two parts, but even I am suggesting you go to the chapters also. But if you are familiar with that means some of the questions in the past in the UPSA has come with this straightforward factual answers. But anyway, so which of the following schedules of the Constitution contains provisions related to anti-defection? So 52nd Amendment Act brought this anti-defection law. We all know that. So which schedule of the Constitution? It has introduced 10 schedule of the Constitution. You all know that, but there is one more strange thing also. Look at it. If you go through all the schedules of the Constitution, this is the schedule. You all know that original Constitution had eight schedules in total. So nine schedule was inserted by First Constitutional Amendment Act. So nine to 12 schedules all added through various amendments through various period. So original Constitution had only eight schedules. So which means 10 schedule anti-defection is also newly introduced the phenomena into the Constitution. 10 schedule also added into the Constitution through an amendment. So applying those logics also you can say it is a straightforward question. Just a memory of what schedule deals with what phenomena. That's based on that you can answer this question. Okay. The provisions in the 5th schedule and 6th schedule of the Constitution of India are made in order to. So straightforward question. The purpose of 5th schedule and 6th schedule. You all know that 5th schedule creates scheduled area. 6th schedule creates tribal area. Okay. To protect the interests of the schedule tribes, that is absolutely true. To determine the boundaries between the states. Yeah, that's the state's Reorganization Commission. Do it. That's done by the Parliament. Yeah, through an Act, State Reorganization Act. So Parliament has the power or which is I can say which is part one of the Indian Constitution deals with this phenomena. Determine the powers, authority and responsibilities of panchayats. No, that's wrong. It is part 9 of the Constitution and the powers and functions will be determined to them through state legislature or we can say 11 schedule of the Constitution is dealing with this. So these things are connected with the panchayats and then protect the interests of all the border states. No. No where this border states and all these things is mentioned in the Constitution. Constitution doesn't make mentioning of any border states. Regarding foreign policy even, regarding border is no straightforward provisions from the Constitution. Indirectly, very remotely you can connect the Constitution provision with the border state. There's no, even that is very difficult. There is no direct provision in the Constitution to deal with that. So this option is wrong. This doesn't come. This doesn't come, which means protecting the interests of the Schedule tribes. Let's go for the next question. Consider the following statements. If a Parliament, the Parliament of India can place a particular law in the 9 schedule of the Constitution of India. Okay. Which of the statements are correct? Okay. Whether the Parliament can keep it, that's true. That's right. Straight forward statement. The validity of a law placed in the 9 schedule of the Constitution cannot be examined by any court and no other, no judgment can be made on it. Okay. The statement is correct. I can tell you if the statement is up to here, then we may have a dilemma, a doubt, because it is partly true, partly wrong also. Because if you read the article 31b, yeah, it runs like this. Yeah. Whatever law that is kept inside the, in fact, why 31b itself was inserted. Just to say that any law that is kept inside the 9 schedule, they cannot be examined by the judiciary for the violation of fundamental rights, any of the fundamental rights. That's the purpose it has been added. So if it is up to here, we can say that we can have, but Supreme Court has held that no, in the IR Cohello case, the Supreme Court held that and also in the Vaman Rao case. Two cases are very closely related to that. In both the cases, Supreme Court has said that it is subject to the judicial review. We will check for the constitutionality. We'll check for the validity Supreme Court has said. So going for the Supreme Court judgment, we can say that judiciary court can examine the validity as per God's judgment. But if you read 31b and 9 schedule 31b, if you read it means you will say the statement is correct. Supreme Court judgment, you interpret based on Supreme Court judgment means you will say it as wrong. So which one to choose? Yes, sir. No. So this is a dilemma, but look at the next one with very clearly says no judgment can be made on it. This line has been added. UPSC tries to put the statement very clear. Judiciary cannot make any judgment on it means this statement absolutely is wrong. Judgments are made already. So many judgments has been made. That's why so this statement is wrong. Which of the above statement given above is our correct? So answer is one only. So answer is one only. We all know that and why it came in 2018? That was a clear rational for it. This was in repeated news throughout the year 2018. Even I can tell you starting from 2016, 17, 18, these are all the years repeatedly 9 schedule in news. For instance, first Haryana did this reservation for Rajasthan did it in 2017. Yeah, Gujar's reservation, Jath's reservation was in news. And then Thalangana did it in 2017. They increased their reservation to the Supreme Court has already said in this Mandal Commission case or Indira Savhani case, they said that the reservation shall not exceed 50%. But still Tamil Nadu is the first state to violate that and they gave the reservation to 69%. And then rest of the states later in 2010 Supreme Court upheld that if there is scientific foundation for giving breaching the 50% mark means you can do it. But you have to prove it in the court of law that there is a scientific justification for it. That's what they have said. So now some states have done it. For instance, Rajasthan has exceeded today, Gujarat has exceeded. And no, Rajasthan has done it and Haryana has done it. And then Thalangana has done it. These are all Thalangana hike the reservation for Muslims and schedule tribes, the reservation percentage they increased it in their states. So these are all the states where the reservation has exceeded 50% mark. And last year, this year, I mean this 2022, November, December, Jharkhand has raised the reservation also and stunningly they have went to reservation up to 77% of total reservation public employment. So it is in news this year also I'm saying, but it was in news in this 2017 and 18 and the cases were filed and these states when they pass this law, they want to escape from the judicial review. They ask the parliament, parliament make an amendment to add these laws into the nine schedule so that our laws will not be declared as invalid judiciary cannot review they expected. But Supreme Court has the power to review all know that the Supreme Court has said that those acts which were kept after the 24th April 1973 that that is the date on which the Keswan and the Bharati verdict was given. So from that date onwards, basic structure doctrine has come into force, which means you insert any law, the laws that you have inserted inside it, previous of this data, we will not look for the validity judicial review, we will not do it, constitutional validity, we won't do it through those laws. But those laws which has been added later from the 24th April 1973, the judgment date onwards. So we will check it either it violates article 14, 15, 19, 21 or basic structure of the constitution. If any of this five phenomena, if a law is violating a regulation that is kept inside nine schedule is violating, we'll declare them as unconstitutional and invalid. We have the right to review judiciary as made it categorically clear in the IR Coil case versus state of Tamil Nadu case. Anyway, so the answer is one only. So it was in news 2016 to 2018 through the year, it was repeatedly news. Okay. And the next, the ninth schedule was introduced in the Constitution of India during the prime ministership. Okay, this is the basic question you all know that the ninth schedule has been original constitution had only eight schedule, nine schedule was inserted to fulfill the purpose of Article 31b. So Article 31b and nine schedule both were simultaneously introduced into the Constitution by the very first amendment, 1951, because Article 13, what does it say, any law that violate fundamental right is invalid. So this Article 13 is used by various I mean, that's throughout India, preventing various state governments from implementing land reforms, abolition of Zamindari system, or doing agriculture reforms were all hindered by various state governments. So that is why the government, the Nehru government, they felt that the original constitutional, that's a mistake that we have made. So let's clarify that one. So that's why they brought this first schedule of the Indian constitution, nine schedule and 31b were inserted by first constitutional amendment act of 1951. So which was done during first amendment means basically whose period it is, obviously it is Jawaharlal Nehru's period only. If you simply know that nine schedule is added through first amendment, first amendment is passed in 1951. So even if it is 1951, you do not know the year. It's in the beginning of the constitution coming into force and actually Prime Minister Nehru was there for a very long time, right, till that he stands as the longest serving Prime Minister of India. So obviously all these reasons, this straightforward question, there is no specific rationale I can tell you, but I can tell you, it was in news. I told you through till 2018, starting from 2016 to 2018, the nine schedule because of this reservation laws violating Supreme Court's judgment and all were all passed and all those things it was in news. So next, under which schedule of the constitution of India can the transfer of tribal land to the private parties for mining be declared null and void. The first thing came in 2019. Why it came in 2019? There is a rationale for it. In 2019, when this exam was conducted, this question came just three, four months back, just immediately three, four months before this means it is actually a Supreme Court judgment. But even you don't want to know that and but I can tell you the rationalist current of it was in news. That is why it became a question. So Justice Ramaswamy, he died. Justice K. Ramaswamy, his name is he's former Supreme Court judge. He was he's retired. He's in Andhra Pradesh. He died and the state government conducted a funeral with the state respect and all those things because he was remembered for one landmark judgment that is Samatha judgment. So Samatha case it was against mining so in state of Karnataka or something this judgment Samatha case we simply call this judgment was given in 1997 and he said this one actually this is a judgment this is a landmark judgment this is the text of the judgment. The transfer of tribal land to the private parties for mining can be declared null and void. He said it in this judgment. It was declared in that judgmental it was declared. The transfer of land was declared as null and void under the fifth schedule of the constitution. That's why the tribal people remember him a lot since he belongs to Andhra Andhra government also. Andhra there are substantial amount of tribal people is there so he's remembered as one important judge there so he gave this important judgment. So it is fifth schedule of the constitution even if you do and this is only a rational for the sake why this question has come it's not coming through vacuum. There is a reason for this kind of a question is coming up but anyway so even if you do not know that judgment you have not read the newspaper who's justice Ramaswamy why did that even if you do not know that but you know that third schedule of the constitution deals about forms of oath and affirmation of various ministers and all so it's it's it's oath and affirmation related to the some constitutional officers so this doesn't come up and then nine schedule nine schedule deals about the last that is giving exemptions to the fundamental rights and 12 schedule it deals about yeah municipalities sort of functional items there so this also doesn't come this also doesn't come fifth schedule is related to the tribal people yeah that's for tribal land is already the word tribe is there fifth schedule six schedule related to the tribes even with that option that you can choose this one right yeah with reference to the finance commission of India which of the following statements is correct it encourages the inflow of foreign capital for infrastructure development it facilitates the proper distribution of finances among the public sector undertakings it ensures the transparency in financial administration so whether it does any of that which of the following statement is correct if you look at it remotely all of them are two and indirectly it is correct to very distant connections we can make an all seems to be right but look at the fourth option none of these statements are given above is correct so this fourth statement will help you to interpret this question so it is though indirectly somehow we can say that this is all there but still everyone is of the same standard you understand so nothing of them is clearly fetched so none of these statements abc given above is correct in this context so we can say that because so what is basically the functions of the finance commission basically it does recommendation on the three phenomena plus one so what are all the three phenomena it makes recommendations into none of the three is mentioned here so what is that three number one the total what's the first it's basically a recommended body it makes recommendations on three items they make recommendations their report consists of basically three ideas number one the total net proceeds of taxes to the central government how it has to be distributed between the center and the states and among the states how it has to be allocated so this is one thing they will give an elaborate recommendation and number two let they say that for instance 41% of the total central taxes share it with the states central government you keep only 59% that's the current formula the recent report whereas if you see it so this is one recommendation number two the central government is giving grant aid to the states from the consolidated fund of India so they don't give equal grant in aid to all the states so each different states will be given different different grant in aid depending on various criteria so what all the principles based on which you have to give grant in aid to the states from the consolidated so what principle should guide the central government my party is ruling in that state I give them more grand not like that this should not be a discretionary aspect right so it has to be some sort of some formula has to be going on this is federal system so states must be treated equally but special states which is needing special treatment has to be given more grants so there are certain principles you have to devise and this finance commission will will do it that is their second function and what's the third function they do it as the measures that could be taken to argument the consolidated fund of a state so that the resources for the panchayats and municipality in the states gets better resources they'll get it and this they'll do it based on the state finance commission all state finance commission reports they collect they go through it and then they based on that they'll make a recommendation these are the basically three recommendations finance commission does and none of them is connected here so we can get all the three and fourth one is that president may entrust any other functions to the finance commission based on recommendation functions to the finance commission based on that they'll make recommendations what the president has asked they'll give that also so none of them is connected here so in this context we can say since we cannot pick any one specifically all the three are indirectly correct all the three are directly wrong so in this context we apply means we can choose none of the above so that's the 15th anyway so it was in 2011 I can tell you finance commission was in news 2010 2011 and I'll repeatedly it was in news because you know that the finance commission I think it is 13th finance commission the duration its recommendation started I mean that finance commission that year the duration of finance commission recommendation covers for five years no so it's covered from 2010 to 2015 it was set up in 2007 or something the 13th finance commission if if I'm right it is 13th finance commission and it it's recommendations covered up to 2000 I mean 2009 December they submitted the report and then from 2010 to 2015 is the period their duration period so they made some substantial very significant recommendations and so 2010 it was in discussion states has to reduce the revenue deficit and what devolution of central share to the states what how it has to be and then they even said that a fixed share must be allocated from the state governments to the panchayat so that's a very significant recommendation made by that body so it was in news finance commission was making some revolutionary recommendations and that time it's not that revolutionary in that sense you don't want to look into but some significant notable recommendations were made and the first budget was passed in after this finance commission recommendation period the first budget speech the finance minister then he quoted the finance commission a number of times in his budget speech so various reasons throughout 2011 it was a news 2010 to 15 is their period so it was a news finance commission is already in making news there's been repeated news it was so which of the following is that among the noticeable features of the recommendations of the 13th finance commission okay 13th finance commission is making a recommendation and among all the recommendations they have made they are picking up and giving few options and choosing asking you to choose the right recommendations and if you look at it knowing answer for this question it's not going to help you in any way because it's not going to help you because you cannot expect this question getting repeated at all it's old dead and buried 13th finance commission is over if you cannot expect this question coming up again but this question gives you a very important signal that finance commission recommendations can become a question that you have to read it's proven here but current finance commission is 15 finance commission uh its duration is yeah previous question is related to 13th finance commission so this 15 finance commission is currently going on its duration is 2021 to 20 uh six period it is their recommendation period covers this one so 15th finance commission recommendation is pure current affair it's not something static material you'll go through it's paka current affair through current affair articles you will be reading it anyway so it has to be read that's the point anyway we'll see the answer noticeable features so most significant recommendation because if you're reading the whole recommendation of the finance commission it runs into hundreds of pages that is not needed noticeable salient features of the recommendations alone is enough a design for the goods and service tax okay and a compensation package linked to the adherence to the proposed design that's was right in fact this is one of the core very important reason why 13th finance commission is remembered for i can tell you because originally the plan was to roll out gst from 2010 onwards april one 2010 onwards gst has to be introduced in india that was the original plan but you all know that seven years later later in 2017 only real gst came out and it was not the congress which was doing it but bjp did it india did it not up a tool but it was the initial plan was 2010 to bring it up and that goal was not achieved so this because states were opposing to it some states will make a lot of losses and all those things if you introduce gst so that's why this finance commission when it was appointed on terms of reference was given what is that by the president made this one one central finance commission that if we implement a gst so what kind of compensation what package we can do it and then what kind of a gst plan we can design so all those things they are asked the recommendation to be given so they did it and the second one is designed for the creation of lots of jobs in the next 10 years in the concerns with india's demographic it is just it's not at all there no such recommendation was given it's just an imaginary line that the sum artificially inserted into the options so it is absolutely wrong they didn't speak anything about it devolution of a specific specified share of central taxes to the local bodies as grants that's true that's one of the significant recommendations they've made it central government's taxes lower specified share that has to be allocated for the local governments they said it and this is the direct recommendations from the 13th finance commission so but even if you do not know the thing but if you still go through the options means you can say that finance commission is basically a body that's helpful in sustaining the fiscal federalism in india it's a balancing wheel for fiscal federalism in india that's how finance commission is described so it deals about center state financial relations related matters so this one is related to center state finances this one is related to the center and state the evolution of states from the center means basically giving to the states and then goes to the locals so this is also related to uh federalism this is related to federalism this is nowhere related to the federalism absolutely this is just this option doesn't fit into so in that sense also you can negate this option but if you have read it already finance commission recommendation which is you are expected to prepare and come we did it no that's okay yeah so the answer is 1 and 3 only okay in india other than ensuring that public funds are used efficiently and for intended purpose okay what is the importance of the office of the CAG importance of the office of the CAG question has come up because in 2012 CAG as again and again was in news we'll come to that later CAG as unusually CAG was in use not usual news making events unusual news making of CAG it happened during that period okay let's see the options and then we'll go for the key and then we'll go for the rational later CAG exercises exchequer control on behalf of the parliament when the president of india declares national emergency or financial emergency so when national emergency is declared our financial emergency is proclaimed whether CAG exercises exchequer control on behalf of the parliament on behalf of the parliament look at the parliament's functions can never be delegated subordinate legislations will be there executive will be given some power to make rules under the laws that could be done but parliament has to do the functions that is interested to the parliament and so parliament cannot delegate functions parliamentary functions only parliament does it even parliamentary committees makes only recommendations so somebody doing functions on behalf of parliament that's something wrong but I can tell you one more thing also even if you're not applying that logic I can tell you CAG is just a report making body a recommendation body a submit a report or what is the nature of CAG it doesn't it's not an executive it's neither an executive nor a legislature CAG is an office that makes the union executive or state executive accountable on financial matters to the legislature that means union executive financially accountable to the parliament this is ensured by the CAG so CAG is a tool that makes this phenomena happen that's also CAG is just a body or we can see it in this way CAG is like an agent of the parliament like that also we can assume but let's not use that word it's it doesn't reflect it very clearly CAG is a body this this is very perfect CAG is a body that's purpose that's the main reason why CAG is created is to make this union executive financially accountable to the parliament or accountable to the parliament on financial matters because ours is parliamentary form of government parliament is the supreme body people's body they have the people's representatives so executive is taking care of the day to day financial administrations so executive there is a possibility that executive may misuse the revenues misuse the expenditures and all those things so in those matters and all they have to be consciously watched, audited, the report has to be prepared and then they will intimate to the owners of the money who is the parliament of India so look we are the owner but the executive is managing the fund all this whole year what mischievous things they did it or whether they did it is right or wrong so everything has to be parliament has to be informed so this function is done by CAG that's why CAG office is very crucial for any parliamentary form of government or I can put it in this way if you're having a parliamentary form of government having an office of auditor general this office of like CAG is mandatory without the office of CAG you cannot have a parliamentary form of government like that you can understand that's a mandatory office so anyway so they act on behalf of parliament that's wrong they doesn't act on behalf of parliament they doesn't have any legislative power they doesn't have any executive power it's just an accommodatory body they have a little bit of constitutional powers they've got and CAG reports on the execution of projects or programs by the ministries are discussed by the public accounts committee any student have read this basic polity CAG report and parliament you would have chosen this option as correct because public accounts committee the basic the CAG is the friend philosopher and guides to the public accounts committee they examine CAG reports in detail no they submit reports and all so the basic function of public accounts committee itself has to be carried out with the help of CAG report and with the help of CAG so this option is correct second is correct third information from CAG reports can be used by investigative agencies to press charges against those who have violated the law while managing public so by using the CAG reports can you can the investigative agencies in their charge sheet they file it in the court of law and all can they uh can they say that we investigated because CAG report said that and all those things can they do it yes that is true that was current affair that was in news that year I can tell you it was in 2010 CAG reporter the 2g spectrum chaos got unfolded right so 170,000 crore so the telecom minister is making allocation of the 2g spectrum to the companies when he was giving license to the company licenses to the companies for 2g spectrum he was going based on first first come first serve basis instead of going for auction if suppose you have done auction means you would have gained the indian x checker would have got this much money but since instead of not going first come first serve base not going based on auction going for first come first serve basis x checker has lost 1,70,000 crore 76,000 crores and he made a number also he quantified the loss for the indian x checker so when this number this created huge chaos in india it unfolded a lot of political events in india we all know that it happened in the report in 2010 2011 fully it was in news and the case was filed in the supreme court based on the CAG's report a fraud has happened 2012 supreme court was giving a judgment cancelling all the 122 licenses so it was before this main supreme court has cancelled and why this case originated went in supreme court all based on CAG's report CAG's report was the basis based on which the case was filed the investigation was done and all those things was done and court was coming to a conclusion and all those things it was perfect news actually it was while dealing with the audit and accounting of the government company CAG has certain judicial powers for prosecuting those who violate the law no he doesn't have any power to prosecute at all he can do the auditing he can he has little bit of quasi judicial powers but can he do the prosecution and all he doesn't have the power of law enforcement agents he doesn't prosecute them and all he just mentions them in the report and this reporter he submitted to the union executive that is president president will table it before the parliament and let the parliament do it that's all parliament can cause something to be done and all those things could be done public accounts committee will recommend the parliament that what could be done what could not be done that kind of recommendation something would be done but no prosecutions can be executive can do it but now can order doing it but CAG has no power of prosecution recommendations nothing like that recommendations he can do it no prosecutions so which means two and three only four is wrong one is also wrong absolutely wrong so which means answer us okay with reference to the delimitation commission consider the following statements the orders of the delimitation commission cannot be challenged in the court of law okay question came in 2012 I can tell you there is no specific rationale I cannot I cannot I can because if it is 2002 we can say yeah delimitation commission act was passed delimitation commission fourth delimitation commission in India was set up but after that there is no more fifth delimitation commission has been set up now only for jammu kashmir a temporary commission has been set up a current right now a commission has been set up that's going on in news for this 2023 uh it's going in the news but 2012 delimitation commission was not in news it's not making any significant news but still it came okay so the orders of the delimitation commission cannot be challenged in the court of law is it true that's absolutely true because it's a it's a body that says the it's last cannot be challenged in the court of law delimitation commission it's it's a quasi judicial body it gives a verdict that's final the function in the delimitation itself it's a kind of quasi judicial function only when the orders and it is a statutory right when the orders of the delimitation commission are laid before the Lok Sabha legislative assembly they cannot affect any modifications in the order that is also true the delimitation commission recommendations have the force of law and it's like a quasi judicial function it is and the recommendations will be tabled but will not be modified their orders are final okay or I can tell you uh the orders are final of this one line you can interpret in this way you can interpret in this way but this is a deliberate line it's the straightforward provision when you as a basic student who has read delimitation commission will know that these two lines are straight away picked from the delimitation commissions okay so which means both are right so which of the following statement is correct both one and two so what is the limitation commission basically as I said there is no specific rational we cannot say any fine specific rational 2012 what is the reason to ask the limitation commission we cannot find any such reason but still it came so this this is that's possible that's what I said there is no need for a reason it's right away it's in syllabus connected to syllabus just read it that's all okay so constitution is a delimitation commission uh it's created through constitutional mandate yeah constitution makes this provision no article 76 and article 180 yeah it makes a provisions related to the parliament after each census has to pass an act and create delimitation commission to carry out two functions right basically a delimitation commission performs three functions to be precise one they'll draw the territorial boundaries of the states territorial boundaries of the territorial constituencies both for state legislative assemblies as well as to the loksava and that's number one number two they number of seats allowed to read state also they make recommendation but fourth delimitation commission did do it 2002 because 42nd amendment has said that that has to be done after 2021 2001 after so you all know that history right it's it's an elaborate complex things that goes on but anyway but I can tell you delimitation commission is in news presently it is very important because I mean not not in news but still delimitation commission is very very crucial election is very crucial because 2026 is the year so which means 2024 is the last general election to be conducted based on the fourth delimitation commission after 2026 any election is to be conducted either for the parliament or for any of the state legislative assemblies throughout India you have to do it post 2026 means you have to do it only after the delimitation commission is making recommendation based on the recently available census so which means it's going to make a news after 2024 that's the last general election under the fourth delimitation commission recommendation the next election could not be conducted unless fifth delimitation comes commission comes up so which means we are very closer so that will be news anyway delimitation commission elections and all we have to prepare anyway so next is which of the following bodies do not find mention in the constitution that's right forward question national development council planning commission zonal council okay none of them is mentioned you all know that zonal council is a statutory body created through states reorganization act 1956 in fact this come zonal council itself has been created zonal council itself has been created because when the new states were created based on language so a body that could enable them to come together so that regional states can come together sit and deliberate so this mechanism could be created so to bring synergy between the states to establish coordination between the states and to enable a platform for the states to come together and discuss the matters of common interest zonal councils were created and states reorganization act based on that it is created but for northeastern states northeastern zonal council act a separate act is passed in 1971 or 71 and a separate zonal council is created from us so we have six zonal councils it's a pure statutory body it's not constitution that is creating and then interested council if they ask it is constitutional body constitution makes provision only to that zonal council is a statutory body whereas planning commission and national development council they are both they are neither statutory nor constitutional bodies they were created through executive resolution yeah the cabinet they sat p.m. and the cabinet ministers they passed the resolution and then they created the planning commission and national development council so all the three are non-constitutional bodies which means one two and three yeah who among the following constitute the national development council the composition of the national development council 2013 once again previous question also 2013 so national development council 2013 two questions are coming up related to national development council and planning commission so they both are interconnected bodies you all must be knowing maybe a six student knows it so why it was in news i can tell you uh 2012 the five-year plan started 2012 to 2017 is the the five-year plan and that's the last five-year plan and after that 2014 planning commission was abolished so since 2012-13 and all there was a discussion what is the relevance of planning commission anymore so is it relevant anymore will it be continued so when this NDA came to power in 2014 they passed a resolution just to abolish planning commission but they have not abolished the national development council yet it's still their namesake it is there but it is not met after this 2013 and all they have not met at all so anyway so 2013 2012 the five-year plan started in India so 2013 i can tell you before this problem 2012 December NDC meet went they meet twice in a year generally that is expect NDC is expected to meet twice in a year but not twice in a year they've met so it's it's a rare i can tell you when they met in a year it makes a news particularly 2013 before i can tell you 2012 December NDC came for a meet and then they approved the last five-year plan of India that time we do not know that that's going to be the last five-year plan but anyway 2012 to 2017 yeah the period covering this one five-year plan it was approved it was in news and then so NDC was going on and one more reason also in that NDC meeting the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister then Chief Minister Selvijay Jay Lalitha walked out of it and citing that this is a constitutional we achieve ministers are constitutional officers but how can you can ring a bell when i was speaking so like that and it was a highly political news it was so naturally who are all sitting in that NDC meeting who are all the members who are all sitting in that NDC meeting and approving five-year plan NDC so NDC meets in a year but that year is special because they've approved it a five-year plan and they are approving it so all these reasons NDC was in news anyway the prime minister yeah that's you know that composition of no no more NDC is meeting but still NDC is namesake it is existing the body has not been abolished though Planning Commission is abolished prime minister is the chairman and then we have all union ministers we have and then which means the finance commission chairman of the finance commission no members of the union cabinet is there and then chief ministers of all the states there administrators of union territories are there and planning commission secretary will be also the secretary to the NDC those persons are there and chairman of the finance commission is not there so which means we have one three and four yeah one three and four this is the option so the composition was in news it's not a constitutional body but we are chief ministers are constitutional authority NDC is not a constitutional body at all like that and all us also in news so this kind of thing there is a rationale so after going through all the 20 questions we have a little bit of idea right now i i hope so if a question coming up from local governments you don't want to search search for any rational but if the questions most of the times i can tell you about 60 to 70 percent of the politic questions in an year they have a clear rationale for it it was in news it was discussed in news some reason straight away from the news question can come or from news we have to go to the background of the static questions we have to read questions will come from there likewise 60 to 70 percent of the questions always every year from polity they come because there is a strong rationale for it okay thank you all