 Not only have studies shown that religion is connected with charitable giving, mainly in the United States, but also that religion is connected with enhanced reported well-being and as people report greater life satisfaction when they belong to religious groups. But we also know, in fact studies in neuroscience have shown the brain lighting up with pleasure when people give. Right? Because we all get a buzz occasionally when we do something for another person, we can get a kind of warm glow inside. So we wanted to kind of get at the question, is it by being kind of religious that people are feeling greater well-being? Or is it because religion is kind of evoking charity, getting people to give more that religion is kind of connected to well-being, to life satisfaction? So we can do this with the large number of participants, some of whom are secular, or many of them, about half of whom are secular, and about half of whom are not. We can kind of see, okay, we can look at whether it's, is it the charity or the religious affiliation, what are the relationship between those three things, charity, well-being and religious affiliation. And so what we found is that indeed in New Zealand, just as overseas, we replicate the effect even in a largely secular society where it's much more evenly distributed, we find that religious people are giving more to charity. On average, they're giving about $800 more annually to charity than non-religiously affiliated people. We also find that religiously affiliated people tend to express greater life satisfaction. But we can explain all the benefit of that greater life satisfaction by the amount of charitable giving that happens because people are religiously affiliated. And we can do this because we can look at people who are not religiously affiliated and we can look at their charitable giving. So if you look at people who are not religiously affiliated and giving a lot to charity, they resemble the religious people in their life satisfaction, very similar. And we see this even when we adjust for all the kinds of factors that could affect your life satisfaction, in particular income, employment, whether or not you have a partner, your political affiliation, your age, your gender, all of those things are included in the model. We can still see that it's the charity that's really driving that effect. Well, implication is definitely not to change people's religious affiliation, that's whether you're religious or not, we think that it's important to understand this phenomenon, this human phenomenon of charitable giving. This is a massive industry, estimates of between 40 to 70 billion dollars a year go into the kind of free giving of money and time globally, right? So this is a major force in New Zealand, it's a kind of hidden economy. I think no matter where people stand on a political spectrum or spiritual spectrum, all of us are interested in tapping into resources that benefit people around us, we want the world to improve, we disagree about how, but everyone I think can agree that the charity is a good thing. And so by understanding not just the behavior but the psychological processes and understanding the benefits to individuals and to communities of charitable giving and the kind of factors that drive it, we hope to convey information to the public that will be practically useful. You can through the study begin to attach dollar values to the kinds of institutions and the kinds of behaviors that we see, that we don't really see around us, but we know are there. So we're kind of documenting a kind of hidden iceberg, we're kind of assessing its magnitude, and we really want to provide that information to the public so that we can begin to improve the world around us. This is part of what we want to do as scientists.