 Okay, I guess we've started everyone. Thank you all for coming to this session entitled parody equals performance and you know, I was thinking about the title because a lot of the time when we talk about Parity we focus on the numbers only like how many women percentage-wise are in a particular job or in education or in in leadership positions in government or business But really I think there's another question which I like which that I think the title suggests and that is that There's something missing not just for the individual, but for the society By not having eight women equally represented. So I do want to talk about numbers and I do want to talk about Reasons that the numbers are depressed But I also want to talk about what's missing and why the world would presumably be a better more interesting more creative more Something kind of place if we did reach parody more frequently So that's my conceit for this talk and if you don't like it, we can do something else But we have four extremely talented panelists To join us today. I don't know if I should maybe I should just go around the room In order next to me sitting to my left is Maria Pinnelli or as you prefer Pinnelli Pinnelli, okay. She's the global vice chair Strategic Growth Markets EY which I learned is the new branding for Ernst and Young and she's from the United She's in the United Kingdom now, but we've just established. She's from Canada by way of Italy and Sitting next to her is Jun Qin She is chairman of Tsinghua holding technology Technological innovation company from here in the People's Republic of China and she's also World Economic Forum Young Global Leader Next to her is Masako Agawa who has a List of titles Previous titles that that fill up an entire card But we're going to just say for right now that she's a professor at Hitotsubachi University in Japan and Finally we have Nina Tanden who's president and chief executive officer of EpiBone in the United States Which is a company that's seeking to grow bone and Do things with it Which we could all use at some point so Maria. I'd like to start with you I mean what about my premise is there anything to that are we I mean I know we've focused on the numbers as and that's a problem How about looking at it from this other perspective Well, Joe, I'm obviously very passionate about this subject and that's why I'm sitting here with you But you know in in a world today where the pace of change is faster than it's ever been and there's so many problems to solve We need women at the table. They bring a better innovative innovative answer They and we know this to be true. So, you know my my learning is No, NYU did a study on mathematical complex problems and they put a very diverse You know Non-expert team on the problem and then a homogeneous what they called expert team on the program and the random Diverse team one and that that just proves so many of the statistics We know just like catalyst produced a report that said return on equity 66% higher for diverse Companies those that embrace diversity and gender I mean they the the evidence is clear But I can feel it in my own experiences is when you choose a random diverse team that team wins every day The second reason why I mean economically women are going to in the next five years represent an additional $5 trillion in consumer spend. They're gonna own 75% of all discretionary income by 2028 this is the next this market Women as a market is bigger than India and China together at a combined growth rate And so it makes it makes good business sense as well so, okay, but but What's causing that shift to women having all the disposable income? incomparity Opportunities I particularly work in an area of entrepreneurship, and I was just sharing earlier You know, we're we're mentoring over 300 women Japanese Entrepreneurs and actually it's quite interesting More than a third of all private businesses worldwide are run by women Nina being one of them and in June here They just don't scale and we're seeing that Opportunity to really bring those businesses on par and that is happening every day those opportunities are opening up every day And that changes the game for many women So is that something that you are seeing here in China that that that shift is taking place or that there's a need for that Well actually from the perspective of China's economic development actually the management team in terms of the proportion of females it's increasing and Also the number of female entrepreneurs is also increasing But in the future actually you can make a lot of money from children and also women and This is a huge market However, in terms of the promoting economic innovation and development nowadays actually females are still in the disadvantage place Why is that happening? Why are women in a disadvantaged place? even I think because I think very important reasons first of all For women they share heavy burdens. They have to work Outside of homes. They also have to take care of their children. They have to be the home carer They have to educate their children Especially in a tradition of Chinese culture women are supposed to be do in this kind of job and also So Women have some labels on them. What are those labels in China because in China we always think that men are the breadwinner and Women are the home taker. So I don't think women's contribution have been recognized fully in a society So even if they contributed a lot They are underestimated So and another reason is that for women, they are not brave or courageous enough When they are faced with huge challenges and also under huge pressure They are not fully motivated to face up the challenges and because I myself Have invested in a lot of startups and I've seen a lot of new women or new females They have already had a Shifted understanding or perspective compared to the traditional Mindset of Chinese women. I think in general it's improving, but it's not that good I'll follow this up one more one more time. So if women have to Still have a major role in the family and and taking care of the household and Get into the workforce. Isn't that going to take superwomen to populate the The top echelons of business or or do the roles have to change at home So that they don't have to do all the work at home and the work in the business Well actually in China in a past females those very successful female entrepreneurs What should I say? From the impression of the society actually if you are a very successful female entrepreneur Then anyone would think that you don't have a family at all. You have this label on your body. You need to be a Home taker if you are successful in business, then you don't have a family I think this actually a stigma for women for me for instance I always talk to myself that I need to be Successful in business if you are dedicated or committed to what you are doing you become more beautiful and if you contribute to the society and the social development and You can achieve the self-growth, which I think is a very important process for women However, I am also faced with a challenge that you have a lot of problems with your children When you are traveling for business trips What do you do? Do you take care of your children or do you go on the business trips? This is a contradictory process and also a huge Challenge is the time management and you need to give up a lot of things in daily work Sometimes I take my children with me and Take my children with me to the meeting venues to the airports to the hotels. I Would like to strike a balance, but I don't think not all of us can balance that Because you're not in the position to do this. So sometimes yes, the pressure is huge is amounting So well, that's maybe then I can ask Masako How does that what what you hear from China? How does that resonate with what your experience is in Japan? the the need the pressure to choose between work and Responsibility at home. It's also very important in Japan. So that put the pressure on women in Japan and Women's representation in economic and political arena is very very low But today because we are talking about innovation I want to focus on the gender gap in science and technology and I would argue that that's very fundamental If you think about the ratio of women in those engineering science I heard that the in China women account for about 40% of engineering jobs Whereas in United States in Europe, it's maybe at between 20% or 30% but in Japan. It's 10% or less and I want to raise three reasons why we have to correct this why correcting gender gap in science and technology is very very important first The I hear that the because we produce Smaller number of PhD in engineering science companies who want to hire diverse scientists and Diverse workforce cannot hire in a sufficient number of engineers and scientists. So that's a problem and number two as Maria just mentioned Diversity leads to innovation. So I would argue homogeneous teams cannot really innovate and in the reason number three We sometimes hear especially in the area of medicine. There are certain gender-specific phenomenon or disease and I Hear that female scientists sometimes discover make scientific discoveries which Overturn the common understanding of the scientific findings to date because male dominated science scientists just focus on maybe experiments primarily of men and Do not notice some disease or symptoms are specific to women or gender. So Discovering those Signed new discoveries, of course important to To to human beings overall. So we really feel that the for those reasons We need to correct the gender gap in science technology Nina So not I mean to build on what you guys were saying, you know Divert it's well known that diverse teams Produce more innovation There's a Harvard Business School study that specifically studied the complex reasoning skills of diverse teams and Tried to find out who was better at which kinds of groups were better at collaboratively solving problems And the only this is a 10-year-old research, right? The only piece of data that could explain the Increased performance was the number of women on the team So not just diverse teams, but the number of women on teams has been correlated with complex reasoning skills Now this research was updated 10 years later because as we know the nature of collaboration is changing we have new online tools that are a little bit different than us sitting in a room together and What was interesting is that the results still held and so Actually, my office made at the time was a man and he wrote to me my friend Rob He said maybe that's why we're doing so well. We have we have so many women here because we came from a lab where our Our professor it was a woman And you know my my work actually to build on what you were saying about When this week when are the stakes really high? I mean, we know that women control the consumer dollar You know an Amazon. This is a big issue because you know women are controlling the consumer dollar The consumer spending but aren't necessarily represented in leadership And that mismatch is definitely important. I think the stakes are really high with health care And my research for my PhD was on cardiac tissue engineering actually growing cardiac tissue to try and replace damage and failing hearts and when I learned that heart attacks are Consistently misdiagnosed in women because the symptoms just don't feel the same Men male doctors will say well will not diagnose a heart attack in a woman because the symptoms aren't There they I mean if you hear what they're called right a sense of impending doom That is one of the symptoms of a heart attack in women Feeling not so great, you know, there's things that you can't measure without an EKG And so unless you get an EKG when a woman will say something a specific because that is just how pain happens to manifest in a very life-threatening disease it will be misdiagnosed and That's just one example right and we could go on and on and so not we're not just the consumers We're not just it's not just diversity. It's it's women specifically in in teams and the stakes are so high Well, that was an extremely helpful tip Ask for the test You know EMTs are now Ordered to actually give EKGs when they have a specific symptoms in many many cases because especially in women This is an issue. So pain feels different for us. We've just solved a major problem here Information gets out. Wow. Yeah, well ask for the test but I Medical progress aside I Want to I want to ask a different question if I may and that is so if there's a clear economic advantage to having a diverse team and even Not very bright CEOs know that when there's a clear economic advantage you go in that direction because it makes you more money Why hasn't it changed? I Mean you're looking at me I'm I'm going to speculate because I don't think anyone really knows the answer I do think that we as humans We don't like to change Change is scary and you know change should be scary I mean think about all the Darwinian forces out there Change can mean that you might be obsolete, right? And so I think many times when we're confronted with change you're laughing It's the end of the day guys so When we're confronted with change, it's scary and if change means that oh, I might be you know if If there if you believe that the C-suite only has room for men and if in that if there aren't And forget the you know women transgender we have a whole new notions of gender that are coming out It's not just men and women We have a range of fluidity a new vocabulary that we're developing about gender, but let's just pretend It's men and women for the moment If you do you really want to be the person to write yourself out of history You know and and men have been so good at writing women out of history for so long You know all Rosalind Franklin discovered you know that she took all those x-rays of DNA and you know happened to collect There's so many examples where you know women have been actively written out of the records and so you know It's just I think it's self-preservation. We're humans We're afraid of not being relevant and I I think that that's a it's something we should just talk about Let's talk about being afraid. Well, we're definitely on a journey. Yeah, and You know you it takes critical mass to really Effect change, you know and and often people talk about 30% being that critical mass Which is what where these quotas come from? I am very concerned. I mean the the world economic forum Published a report that said it's going to take 80 years to achieve gender parity. I mean that's for generations certainly We won't be around to see it If if that is the case so we really need to speed up the clock and and I think it's incumbent on all of us And I think we've heard some good themes here, you know, some of it is is Advice to women, you know the guilt that that one feels every day balancing multiple roles The ability to think bigger to aspire, you know to new new careers new tech Technological advances to really be part of the future and I I think there is a Responsibility for women to really step up and bring other women along, you know Climb the ladder, but then get right down there and pull somebody up, you know I don't leave it down behind them Just pull them right up. Yes, and and we as as leaders here We are at the world economic form I mean these are the business leaders that can the world leaders even in government, right? We need to see more women at the table and we need to affect that change Because I think in addition to Not wanting to change I think people have a tendency to hire somebody like you Mm-hmm So men tend to hire men because they are more comfortable and you raised a good point about women We need to be pulled up because we all know women tend to under-represent themselves I hear stories about Experiments if you have a boy and a girl with exactly the same score in math say 85 up to 100 Boy would say I'm good at math and the girl would say I'm not good at math and that happens all the time in a workplace Universities everywhere, so we we need to really pull the women and then really put them on Put them in the right positions and then we until we reach the critical mass I just want to offer something that came to us as a surprise So we're we're doubling the size of the team and Feebo and and we had to go through a lot of resumes and do some hiring recently And I should mention that they're we're a very small team at the moment It's you know, we're three of us full-time. It's it's me and two guys, okay, and so we're hiring four people full-time and Every single one of them is female And I'm joking with my colleagues Do you guys want to be the only men at the company what's going on? And they said well, you know There were so many more female applicants than male applicants and they drastically outclass the male applicants And we're trying to wrap our heads around what this is But I suspect that there's some pulling that the fact that there's a female face in the world that's representing the company we are We're getting it's it's not quite pulling. I don't know what the word is Attracting maybe female talent and it is so exciting. I'm not apologetic about it at all. It's exciting and And I think that there's there's something you know And I will say about women not representing themselves enough So we don't have a ton of money to really spend on on salary and this is the start-up situation right and One of the women asked for a higher salary than what we offered and before I told her the reasons why we couldn't do it I thanked her Said woman-to-woman. I am so happy that you're asking this question because women don't do it enough And then explained her well our situation and and you know, but it was it was like look I need you to know that I have to thank you for doing this women don't do it enough But you know you I also wanted to give some context about where we are I think we as women I think can do better at advocating for ourselves and and asking for what we need Can do you find that I'm sorry you were So I feel try to push forward the rise of women representatives, especially new in the new economy and So it's quite necessary So I have my first no three suggestions the first one as today's we have these world young leaders at this table So they have the power to push forward in their different workplace and under their influences Try to influence a lot of people. So we had to maximize To set up such a new culture. This is a culture for the women. It should be not Afraid it should be a bold enough So we have to set up such encouragement mechanism try to advocate the female. They should have their own career. They should be a evolved in the society of progress including the science and technology and also I think for the female Development process so for the whole society We try to be a more inclusive and respect and give them a more courage So for the understanding is not enough. So the perception is not enough for the women Whether they are bold enough. So that's a difficult. So the finally for our women ourselves We should be proactively Participate in the society. So as today's women try to Maximize our influence. So that is the guiding of the right value and secondly try to maximize our Position so it's kind of a setup of our healthier psychology You should have a correct and a healthier mood and also psychology So with our influence of our individual we can influence a group on a larger group a big mess We have the positive forces to spread to the whole society. So I believe the rise of women So we're getting a more and more powerful with the coming of Internet in many a workplace. So we do have the advantages It is our gifted and advantages of women how to maximize our advantages So for the gender parity. So in this journey, so fully agree So I cannot wait too long. So for the whole society development should be in a harmonious way So we should have the diversity of both men and women So for the consumer society for the new women, so the consumer is not the only thing they have to consider So in addition to their families, so they try to maximize their efforts in their own Career development to influence more people That means a lot of men Will be affected by the development and also the healthy mental set by women because women have very good idea and also understanding about the technology and also the Industrial development, which I think will also change the mindset of men Which also I think we need to have a combination of culture and also the understanding and also the education and campaign of this idea because I think it will affect more and more people and the courage and the healthy mindset of women and their Reribution to the social development will be greater Men's role in this process of change because I Just want to tell a brief story about my own family. So I think of myself as somebody who Understands what you're saying doesn't get in your way But even I probably have unspoken biases that I'm I can't necessarily be aware of but When I was doing some stories about representation of women in academics a Lot of women said well we drop out because we want to have families and that slows things down And so I thought okay. I have a family But I feel my both my wife and I have pretty high-powered careers So does my wife feel that I did 50% of the child care or less because I felt I did 50% So with a lot of well, that's what so with a lot of trepidation. I went and asked her and she said yes 50% The question is well that's that's that but see that's reason I bring it up I wonder what it seems to me that you're you were describing about pulling women up and doing things like that I wonder what you have to change in men's Apart from telling them look you have to deal with this. You said it's scary, but you have to deal with it How can you bring men along in this journey? How can you get them on board absolutely critical? You know people show talk about mentorship, but actually sponsorship is what you need I mean there those are two different things and you know we were hearing earlier You know Nellie Crouse always points out that Boys and girls are exposed to code early in their their childhood and Then there's a drop-off right and I think at those really understanding if we really want to get serious about the issue Really understanding where those critical trajectory Moments happen, you know where we lose them That's really the time to get in and really affect change and I I actually feel you know Not to take this too low down the spectrum is getting back to the corporate level as well I mean really understanding Some of the company statistics here that were mentioned earlier really creating accountability For diverse representation for diverse voice really understanding if there is a diverse team I mean to me it's it's amazing that 60 to 50 percent of voice on social media on all the world's major platforms Are a woman's voice and yet when you get behind big brands of these companies only 18 percent of women are represented at the table in any meaningful way We're not even talking at board level or sweet sweet in a meaningful way And so I you know I think creating that joint accountability and in your example joke congratulations But you know there there was a book written the Cinderella syndrome About young girls and so at a certain age actually they score very high academically Ahead of boys and at a certain age they lose To peer pressure and they focus on well, I'm Cinderella Prince Charming's gonna come with the slipper You know, I think we all have to say there's no slipper right the slipper is you know Put it on and keep walking right keep going You know, you're doing great. You can do better. You know, there's a whole there's a whole vision out there That looks different than Cinderella and I apologize for the Western example, but Because you know in China you're you're taught Mao taught everyone you should hold up half of the sky I'm always so impressed by the Chinese women because I see it in them They're spirit even in the young girls and I think this cultural change of us being accountable You you know participating and really changing the mindset at critical times will make a difference But does this I mean sometimes I worry that when you you when you raise this issue for women The ones who don't achieve this or feel overwhelmed they can begin to feel bad if they're not achieving as much as You have shown is possible to achieve, you know because some people rail against this I X the expectation maybe that's being played that are being placed on them by successful women. I Don't know I think everybody has a choice. Mm-hmm If some woman wants to really, you know, she wants to really focus on child rearing and then focus on taking care of the family I I Accept that because that's that person's choice and I know many couples some couples That the men are the primary care caretaker for the house So I think it's fine for individuals to have choice but the problem now is that the woman who wants to have both career and family can't have it and In East Asia where? Gender walls thinking is very very strong. That's very difficult. So Many women have to be super woman as she was saying to be able to have a career and family And I think that's not that's forcing many women to say well I'll give give up career and then focus on Home they are taking care of home in the which is the syndrome syndrome. You are talking about so Coming back to what we can change. I think we really have to get men on board and to really get rid of this gender role and especially to Improve the situation in Japan. I think we really need to work on the work hours because we have Extremely long hours, which makes it impossible for women to do everything and that's actually making difficult for men even because as our society are aging many men who are in the 50s sometimes or 60s have to take care of the elderly Parents and then some senior executives are leaving their jobs. So that's becoming a problem So I think in order for everybody both men and women to have reasonable family life and a career We just have to work together And then especially for Japan. We just need to Shorten the work hours. Yeah, I couldn't agree more. I think men are equally victims in these gender roles as women I think met if you talk to many men, they want the same things that women want. They want flexible work hours they want the ability they don't want to be left out of their family lives as well and You know, I there was a there was a study. I remember seeing about What happens to in this in this case male CEOs? when when What happens to them when they have daughters and it's interesting is that that there that was correlated with increased female promotion at the company and increased Implementation of female-friendly policies and I say female-friendly and female promotion, but actually men are the best feminists around there Can be there's no reason not to be and men want the same things that women want the nature of work is changing for everyone physical location has Becoming less and less important. We have the ability to be we were global organizations where time zones and Internet connectivity implies that we can disintermediate We can we can make communication a little bit more asynchronous at times and so I Think that this is important to note that everyone wants these things I also think at the same time that we should be When we think about the work that's being done in the home and and this is happening around me You know, I live in New York City where there's a lot of apps being developed that help with convenience things like having your laundry picked up and Done for you things like having a you know Uber to help you get around a lot of apps that are being developed that that actually Disaggregate the nature of the kinds of work that can be performed in the house and what I would say is that in a way this professionalization of what happens the work that happens in the home has an effect of attributing an economic value To this to the work that's being done in the home and by doing this I think that we can have much more savvy much more analytical Conversations about the type of work and how to divide the work up at home my partner and I for example We talk about this we say, you know, this work needs to be done. You will do it I will do it or we will outsource it You know, I think that that's a third option, you know, it's not just and and and less so in different places This is very much a geographic question But I think to the extent that we realize that female-friendly policies are policies that are friendly for everyone and that we elevate The and attribute an economic value to the work that's being done in the house. We can go Pretty far and then this one. Yeah I that I think that's an excellent point and I I actually as you were talking about it What is the infrastructure that you need to succeed and like to me the fact that there's you know 11 pieces of legislation to start a daycare in Japan is insane, right? I mean, no men or women can't cope with that. I mean, so I do think, you know, government has a voice here And I'm always you know, I've been favorably Impressed that President Obama raised the fact that a VC backed companies led by women's CEOs Less than 5% received VC financing, right? I mean bringing these issues to the surface and really trying to put some Structural change in place whether it's developed by the free market the entrepreneurial market or whether They're structural in terms of government legislation. I think really helps Yes, I think for a woman actually they need the support from males, especially the partners just now we mentioned a lot of Fact that how for women to synchronize with men to develop as fast as men I know there is some gap between men and women, but for me I I Used to be one of the management in SOE companies and then I just quit my job From the state owned company and I started up my own company. I have two children, but I Wanted to have two more kids and I thought according to the tradition of China actually Men should be the one to provide the family, but my partner said to me that they he needed someone to speed up with him To achieve the self-growth with him. He didn't need a nanny just to take care of the kids But sometimes I thought it's made by heaven by God Men should work and women should stay at home, but actually My partner didn't think like that He thought that actually women are very important You cannot be a full-time housewife You need to go out and work so that we can develop ourselves Together and we can have very good communication and dialogue, especially mentally dialogue and also with the development of Internet a lot of family chores can be outsourced and This is very good. For instance in China nowadays. You can hire a nanny it's not that expensive and Also, you can have special Internet and website to Help you to do the grocery shopping, which is very nice In this way women are freed by this, but actually you Mentioned you have Taking care of the family for 50% of time, but We need some time to innovate to think about other things Sometimes we are too focused on the family chores. So for me, I think for a very good Woman especially to achieve the self growth. We need the support from our husbands Which is very important and this is a very reliable and solid Couple relationship and also my husband told me that when you educate your kids if you only stay at home You don't have much knowledge to pass on to your kids and In this way, it's not the best case scenario for the growth of kids because the best school for kids are from their parents. So women should Learn themselves women should achieve self growth themselves, which is also a very good way for educating their kids and I really think and I would like to emphasize more The role and function of men In this way, I think women can have higher happiness index For sure, I think Full-time housewife is also a kind of work. It's very hard-working and painstaking work because in this way you can provide a lot of Help in the family and also you can release a lot of positive energy around your family and also I think for Men you need to learn to compliment your wives You should tell your wives. You're beautiful. You are hard-working. You're attractive in this way. I think Women will be more and more confident in Themselves so For a woman, this is a healthy development and process socially in the family and also for themselves So again, I would like to emphasize the role and function of men It makes me smile because I was just Sending a note saying I'm so proud that you did this Good, I've done the right thing again Please We have the opportunity to hear from the audience It's a little awkward because I can't see all of you But if someone would like to ask a question of the panelists or participate in some way Yes. Oh, can you wait for a microphone and then? I'm June. I totally agree with June about a Successful woman also have a very important man behind her absolutely and I think a government has a lot a Lot to answer for why women is not there yet. I gave you a way example British during the war all the women have to support troops troops outside all the women working Okay, but when the war finished Who they who who that government and companies asking Who's to leave the jobs? Women go back to go back to family. So I think The government has a lot to answer for why women is still not there and another good example It's about northern Europe countries like I think Finland and also other countries has a very high good childcare policies and their women's Take up important jobs are much more and much higher in other countries Yeah, no, it's it's de-stigmatizing. I think the roles that that people have Sorry Yes So I will ask the question in your Chinese So it's better for me to change to answer my question. My question is for Qin Jun so from the Moderator and all the panelists you have a very balanced interactive Activity for the main Moderator and also have the for the other business leaders. So I learned a lot to take a lot of notes. So just a very mentioned so the Women CEO so the percentage is only a 5% very low. So for the women leadership is around 18% So in our forum will pay a lot of attention to 8% and also 18% So so it's very important to give them some advice and comments So Mr. Qin Jun in China whether you are kind of 1% of this 5% You're an excellent representative So among those 5% so just 5% that's enough not only 1% so for the three Women entrepreneurs, so what are the critical factor for them? So I believe as a woman So you want to have a equal position with a man So to look at So your connection with a society you should not underestimate yourself So this is a very critical issue. So normally they don't have their perception of their position in a society. So normally He proactively put himself lower than the man. So this is the one you have to consider secondly So between the men and the women No matter whether it's for the entrepreneurship or it's on the working place So you should have a more Creativity for yourself. So I believe in the past the many women So they don't have this courage. So they are always Hesitate. Maybe it's a natural characteristic for women. They prefer to rely on others. So for yourself, you have to set up yourself So it should be a very strong perception of your own position to make yourself even Bigger powerful. Thirdly, if you want to have a entrepreneurship So a critical matter you must find a right partner So no matter how strong you are you are only an individual So you have to find a best partner So it's a kind of a complementary to yourself in terms of our energy, our power. You cannot compete with a man for the coordination or the tackling and also a man has their own advantages Critical for women. You also have to find a best partner for the entrepreneurship that are the critical conditions and also For women if you want to have a good progress and a healthy development in their career So you have to make yourself or a man to be or psychologically more healthy So if you are quite healthy in those psychology, so you have a lot of a space. So you have to Kind of cultivate yourself You don't have to go to the church. So I am a Christian. I was born in such a Christian family So for my early hood I grew up in such an environment. So I have some different training So you have to make yourself to Maximize your own capability should have a healthy Mental status. So that relates to your own choice. You should have a powerful and strong Psychology so we should have some beliefs So you have to believe something so to make yourself very calm. So you will not be so Troublesome so whenever you address anything so you'll be very Calm down and also take up everything in an orderly manner. So this is a message. I want to convey to all the women Thank you. Why don't we take one from over here? I want to do share some some numbers I was one of the directors of the materials research society where we looked at diversity and we found that 25% of the society was represented by women 50% of the volunteers of the society were women There had been one president female and and 1% of the award winners were female and What we found was that females were never Nominated for for the awards By other females or by males So I wanted to pick on your point that you know We discussed a lot about family and I agreed that you have to have a good partner to succeed But in the end when you have a profession and you have a career We have to support each other and I don't think that females support females as we should or Have mentors that I never worked for a woman all my mentors were male and they supported me But I consider myself lucky So I really think that since we are here is because we care But we also have to do some work on mentoring and promoting women So maybe one more question do we have time yes, okay, why not a male? I feel very very alone at the moment I'm Peter from New York, and you know I wasn't gonna I wasn't gonna ask this question and until you brought up that point It's something that I Don't understand so I'd like to put this to a question to the panel and the question is this When I became a leader and the leader in the company I work for and one of the first things I did was to try and get smarter about women's issues because we we don't actually have a Gender problem in our company. It's one of our strengths, but I knew I'd have to be more effective as a leader to kind of understand these issues So this is now the eighth conference Like this that I've been to and I thought it was going to be the first Where I didn't hear that point brought up That women need to going all the way back to my first conference it was actually listening to a debate between Madeline Albright and Who was the Secretary of State for the United States? And I'll never forget what she said this is the first time I heard it She ended the interview by saying when she was asked the question what made it difficult To be a woman in your role was it men and she said no it was other women and Then she turned and she looked into the audience and she said I was the only guy in the audience It was like 50 women and me and she said I think there should be a special place in hell For women who don't support other women and then every other conference. I've been to This point has come up and it didn't come up tonight until just now so my question is for the group As a man trying to be more effective at creating an environment where women can succeed Can you help me understand? Why this seems to be why this keeps coming up as an issue and what if Anything should I be doing as a leader? To mitigate it or to offset it because I don't I don't understand it's a point I need to I feel like I need to respond to this because I was at a women's sphere conference in New York where I Heard a lot of people at on the stage talking about this issue and and And then a bunch of peers were sitting in the audience and we were saying I have no idea what they're talking about And and I suspect that there's a bit of a generational issue here where there's there's been sort of Waves of feminism that have had different edges that they've been working with and I you know Whether it was just being the first woman in the room. That was an important edge whether it's breaking the glass ceiling whether it's the numbers of people in the room and and what I see now is that With the younger women that they're really there's so much of the nature of work is collaborative that I don't I don't see the issues as being Women must support other women or that women aren't supporting other women I think people are generally if to succeed in any job everyone has to support everyone more because Work is so much more collaborative and I think this is where women can really shine because you know We talk about fear Fighter the fight or flight reflex is what I think of when I think of fear and what's interesting is that if you study the female brain in the Male brain What's what's been learned more and more about women is that it's not just fight or flight? There's a reflex called tend and befriend Which is when women experience stress they look around them. Is everyone okay? and Who do I get who do I bring into the tent with me to stay away from the tiger? And so I think that women are in a unique position to really collaborate and so I do but I don't understand this myself And and maybe it's because I'm not in an older organization, you know, we're small, you know, I've come up through academia. I had female mentors I don't know what it is But I find it mystifying as well And I suspect that there's a bit of a generational issue here And I would just invite anyone who wants to contribute about that to speak up I can't help but jump in and I totally I agree with what you're saying And maybe there is a generational shift and if there is I do hope there is I'm looking around and you know People are nodding and they're still not believing it but I think this goes back to critical mass and Understanding trust because as a leader the most important thing you can do is establish trust and what is the speed of trust? So trust amongst men and trust amongst women is different. They're interpreted different Sometimes some might argue, you know the trust quotient for a woman is much too high. I don't know I mean everybody has a different point of view. So I think one is trust But you know somebody here said do you have any advice and I I always think you know Someone gave me some great advice, which I always take and as if someone has come to me and they have a problem With Joe or June, you know, the first thing I say is have you spoken to the person directly, right? If you haven't spoken to the person directly, you don't have a right to come and speak to me about the problem Right because you have not really sat down with the person and really explain how you feel and really You know, there's a lot of how you how what you know person's interpretation of trust and whether or not they feel They've been helped by a woman or a man or not is really the perception a lot is in your own mind I'm in trouble here I'm about to do something that's gonna sound arbitrary and mean But we're out of time I'm getting the we can so I So I don't want to cut you off, but I don't think I have a choice. I'm really sorry I hope we can continue this discussion offline, but I have to bring this session to a close Thank you all very much