 I'm Sam from Darmstadt, and I want to talk to you what we are doing during the pandemic. Some remark, there are many hyperlinks into the slides, so if something is interesting to you and you want more information, you can just click on the underlying parts in the slides. One problem in the pandemic is that about 60% of the infections are pre or non-symptomatic cases, but the diagnostic infrastructure is massively overloaded, no matter which country you look. Therefore, there is a need for cheap and fast tests, so that you can actually sample the infection as they happen. If you look at the standard method, it is QPCR, we'll talk about that later, that has a big problem with a wrong negative rate. Here is a model curve, and if the symptoms start, the false negative rate is still 38%, and that's a problem. If you think that pre and asymptomatic cases are the ones that actually produce the infections and the wrong negative rate is one sample point, the infection is always quite high. It's quite difficult to do pandemic management and quarantine measures do only work if they start early enough and are carried out consequently. So to the resources, the standard method is difficult, and the other is that the global production capacity for the standard method is not that high. So to see in May 2020 was like 60 million tests per week. If you look to the global south, like Latin America, Africa and Oceania, you've got less than 1.5 million tests per week that have produced, and that is a problem because the pandemic is a global event. It cannot be solved locally, and therefore the equal access to biotechnology is necessary not only for this pandemic, but also for other pandemics in the future. And there I've met the open biocard lab from Cambridge that looked at its pilot pattern from biotechnology and the critical resources and the knowledge to produce things public and free of cost. And Jenny Miller, the head of the lab is also doing research on the economic impact of an open bioeconomic, so maybe it's even something good if you go away from patterns and could produce global progress. And in this context, the network reclone has been formed. I look at the talk from the end, you can click on the hyperlink for this network. We have that back to us biohackers. I've taught myself in that number, although I've only started relatively recently. If you need an open source task of two quick tests, so what do you need that? You need some crazy biohackers that meet in an online maker step that's at least next level, more or less. We got some funding through this and over that open bioeconomy lab and the free genes project that distributes the critical resources and we got some resources and there were previous work we could build upon. We could develop a Zaskof 3-screen method that can be produced and used locally. A few words on the basics, so we are on the same page with that. What you see here is the central document of molecular biology. We have DNA, that's the genetic information, stores all the information. If you just want one gene, one particular information, when you read that out, it will be transcribed into RNA and these molecular machines like called ribosomes attach to that RNA and they then produce the proteins and those proteins are everything that makes things alive. There are chemical catalysts that perform reactions and there are structural proteins and there are really interesting things. One cool thing is that there is one special protein that's used to copy DNA. It's called DNA polymerase and every cell needs that. Every organism needs that. If you cap yourself with a wound, it heals and requires that happens because the cells split new cells and they need new genetic information. That happens because the DNA information can be copied. This mechanism, this cell replication mechanism we use in biotechnology and we put that in the syntactic reactor and when instrumentalized, this reaction to copy DNA ourselves. This is the basis of the method of what the organization uses as a standard diagnostic method to detect Zaskof II. I see a video from you, you see the reactor, it's a tundra cycle, everything it did. Here you see the DNA polymerase, it actually looks like that, it just slides along the strand of DNA and you see little pieces of DNA that the DNA polymerase uses, it's called Primer and they are the complementary part of the genetic sequence in the Zaskof II genome and so we know if the sequence isn't there, it doesn't find anything and then we know okay, this sequence was not present in my solution or wasn't, depending on how we know if there was an infection there. For this we use this DNA polymerase, for a normal PCR, the evaluation you have a temperature diagram, you melt this double strength by about 90 degrees, then you reduce so the promise can bind, then the DNA polymerase requires 72 degrees, it's usually extracted from bacteria from hot spring, that's how it can work above 37 degrees and you repeat this a few times and then you can separate them by size or you can use real-time PCR and you can see the result here, there's a fluorescent tag which you can add to the primers and then can you see in real-time if it's strongly amplifying or not because the fluorescent signal changes so that you see photos at a specific wavelength and these machines are of course extremely expensive so this is not a method it can be used for screening reliably and sustainably, what we did is not only our group Biohackers but also several other community labs all over the world that know at least 80 groups from industry and academia that work on the same method that you use another method of some method of extraction where you have a amount of the test amount, you put it in your erection vessels and you have a very own PCR, a simulated method I explained before that works at a single temperature so that doesn't have the other different temperatures and then guy develop a device that costs about two dollars where you can just detect this fluorescence visually if you have the tag primers in your solution of course you have no real-time readouts but you had a final result infected not infected threshold has been reached I'll talk about that later but this in principle the way it works the cool thing is those 36 degrees it's not it's not relevant for the reaction device how you get there so I've seen people who just did it on a thermal mark so it's really simple you do not need those several tens of thousands of euros machines so in Danstatt Pacific Weekly we take this DNA polling arrays and optimize it because only the build tube for this reaction is no longer patented since 2016 on optimized versions are patented so we take the white type and publish it everything on the open material transfer agreement so actually it's open source development not reverse engineering by your hacking but it sounds cooler if you call it by your hacking that's why we use it so if you compare the two methods this cost by with a standard method which has its uses you measure the virus load in your sample you replicate a specific part which is especially important for research because you can do post-processing and from 100 virus genomes you get about 100 billion specific parts and I know some groups from Latin America who open source this kind of this kind of tests and have been successful is that you have the hyperlink in the in the screen you can if you want more you can look in detail how this method works and how it works but yeah but it's time and hardware it needs time and hardware and personal our method RT lamp the RTs that were reverse transcriptor scriptase so the RNA from virus must be translated back into DNA because we can so we can replicate DNA because RNA is not that stable and there's no good method to replicate it so we always go back and step to DNA and then replicate it there's a binary outcome it's either infected or not infected or we have a threshold so the LOD there's a limit of detection has been reached or has not been reached so we we target a threshold of 100 virus genome depends a bit how clean the sample is that we want to use and not monclined valuable samples and that ends with about 10 trillion of those target samples it's quite fast and easy but you can even see if the solution becomes quality if the solution happened or not but this does only this does only happen if those crystallization statuses start attacks are present in the solution those are team guy and Rachel did a lot with the fluorescent method Sarah and Ellen and also Scott and Guy do work on the on drying drying the samples so you don't have no cooling chain that you have to keep up and Sarah and Ellen are on the RNA extraction here the team from Sri Lanka they have their own kit and protocol running but that still works basis on proprietary things and for example in Cameroon they do develop much hardware where you can join build on and so on and it's one of the QPCR people many many others okay we time is up but if you want to talk as you can speak up meet us on the slack channel yeah those are our three projects in this area Rachel and Guy have a whole session for their corona detective you can also order plus needs by free jeans the Stanford project that are supplied us you can find protocols for enzyme production and cleaning very special only for biologists and can look into the reclone network and what's not so what might be interesting for you the open science hardware movement that yeah things are coming together there and you can just look into that forum if you want to and important if you want to get around patterns you must understand them and that's a very good resource lens.org which will meet a search engine yeah thank you and back to the Herod thank you for you we have to quit here because we're already over the time okay take your ways out if you leave the room and we see you in 10 minutes in the next talk