 Okay, next please. The slide about the degraded mangrove in Indonesia, it is reported that between 1970 and 2001, close to half of Indonesia mangrove forest was destroyed. As reported by Professor Daniel Murdierso, mangrove deforestation in Asia result in loss of 190 million metric tons of carbon dioxide. Currently, only about 30% of mangrove forest in Indonesia consider in a good condition, meaning that the rest of 70% is in critical condition. So that is the problem. Next slide. There are two unique characteristics of mangrove area, which is very much related with stakeholder authority on managing this land. The first one is mangrove confluence of the sea and land in transition. The second one. Mangrove stands at estuary, commonly, or in downstream area. It is very much dependent on the activity along the watershed in the upstream sectors. So mangrove, because located at this kind of unique position, their management fall under different government authorities. Next, please. Our research on mangrove governance in Indonesia in 2015 identified some legal law of mangrove management. We found that the legal and institutional framework for mangrove management in Indonesia is characterized by government fragmented authority. I can tell four among others is the first stakeholder, we can say, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, who holds the authority of mangrove protection in general and mangrove management if situated in state forest area. In the rest area, which we call as APL, area penggunaan lain, the authority fall to the local government, Ministry of Agrarian Special Planning Affairs, or National Land Agency, who responsible to implement the tenure right of mangrove as well as the special planning in mangrove churn. Many mangrove forests are located in coastal area and small island, but the Ministry of Forestry also usually designated that area as a forest. So as a result, forestry law and coastal and small island law are competing each other in the same jurisdiction. Other cases also show that forestry planning and coastal management planning, to some extent, do not in harmony with regional and special plans. So next, based on that problem, we all think to have one national strategy on mangrove ecosystem management. Due to overlapping authority and regulation, as the greatest problem of mangrove management in Asia, we issued the national strategy. This aim to improve coordination across sector regulatory and institutional framework, which is regulated by a presidential regulation number 73. The main objective of this regulation is to set up the coordination among different ministries and between central as well as local government. The vision of this strategy is to achieve sustainable mangrove management to support community welfare with the five main missions as stated in that slide. Next, please. So we come to the implementation of this national strategy on the ground. The implementing of national strategy of mangrove ecosystem management, experiencing in a long process for move on to the next step because that's only the guidance, global guidance, very global. We need to establish further detailed policy, strategy and program. On the ground within the Ministry of Forestry, we have facing constraint that the authority of bureaucracy on mangrove management experiencing in the lower organization level, which used to be an excellent three-level, this lower into the subsection. It is very much related with the personal human resource and budget allocation to support mangrove management. But in other hand, we still also another DG who responsible for mangrove management in conservation, which is known by the director of essential ecosystem. But the focal point of the mangrove national strategy is still a reminder in the DG of watershed management. So they are the stakeholder who has responsibility to establish in developing an action plan in detail. They struggle to have the legal umbrella to that action plan I know that our key informant from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry telling us that five years waiting for the process of derivative regulation from the national strategy. And finally in 2017, in the next slide please, the Minister of Coordination of Economy issued a regulation number for 2017. This slide illustrated the content of the regulation which consists of four main areas, namely ecological aspect, social economic, institutional and law enforcement. It means that there four areas need to be considered as the topic of program development. This Ministry of Regulation also set a target of mangrove restoration that in 2045 should be achieved, 3.49 million hectares should be rehabilitated. This regulation is guidelines that should be following up by its stakeholder by establishing the action plan from its unit. Next slide please. Based on our study, there are some challenges needed to be highlighted in the implementation of the strategy of mangrove management. Although coordination is important, there has been little change in the current legal and policy framework that strongly support government managed mangrove protection as the primary policy approach. As a result, the law gives less flexibility for the application of other defaulted government arrangements such as cross management or community management. There is a need for a better understanding of whether and how to engage local communities, especially those that live in and around mangrove in support of conservation and rehabilitation. Establishing an evident base of how government and institution influence mangrove use and management will provide a sounder basis for developing guiding policies and practice. We have also facing another new challenge that today we all discussing about, it is blue carbon mainstreaming. It is because the importance of coastal blue carbon has gained significant attention from the international community regarding its role in climate change mitigation and adaptation. Ministry of Forestry has a long struggling with the climate change issue and we have now the DG of climate change but we can say that it is related to green carbon. But now we should also consider the blue carbon. We can discuss further what is the main border, which one is green carbon and which one is blue carbon because mangrove is characterized in the transition so it can call green or blue carbon actually. To conclude my presentation, let's move to the next slide. Support for the implementation of the national strategy for mangrove ecosystem management is needed. This should include a careful assessment of the constraints to its implementation and opportunities for strengthening cross-sectoral collaboration in mangrove management. Authority of mangrove ecosystem management in the state forest area under the Ministry of Environment and Forestry jurisdiction and the rest area of mangrove under the jurisdiction of the different ministries based on their functions such as Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries can be under the Ministry of Tourism, et cetera. We need also to think that law and regulation of mangrove ecosystem management need to be coordinated. I would like to propose one provocative idea that should we need to think about the mangrove restoration agency as it is analog with BRG, Pitland Restoration Agency to make all the stakeholders can be coordinating better. Thank you. Good afternoon. For the presentation and the second speaker is Benjamin Brown from Charles Darwin University. He will present low-hanging fruit or red herring identifying bottlenecks and opportunities which determine mangrove forest landscape rehabilitation opportunity in Indonesia. Benjamin, the time is yours. Eight minutes please. I don't think I've ever done anything in eight minutes. Okay, I'll try to go fast. Good afternoon. I changed the title of my talk after also being shifted into this session and this is all the first time I'm presenting this information. It's a trial, so there will be some errors. I apologize for those beforehand. I'm changing the title. We're going to talk about social and governance considerations underpinning mangrove forest landscape restoration opportunity in Indonesia. Next, do I have one? Okay, like that. So very briefly, I'll talk a little bit about deforestation in Indonesia an assessment that took place called Rome or Makar in Bahasa Indonesia. A little bit about social analysis and policy and governance analysis and then a diagnostic that was multi-stakeholder about institutional readiness before concluding. Next. This is a mangrove landscape in Gorontalo, Indonesia. In 1994, the pink area is mangroves. That's about 8,000 hectares of mangroves. Next. By 2015, it's reduced to 3,000 hectares of mangroves. The left side of this area that is now blue is nature reserve, Chagar Alam, strict nature reserve. The right side is now a different management unit. I'll talk about later. It used to be Hutan Lindung and now it's Kapeha, an integrated forest management unit. So we lost 5,000 hectares of mangroves in just this one area and there's some data out there. Next. This is what it looks like on the ground. So a strict nature reserve. It should have the highest degree of protection in Indonesia and it's just continually, even this year, being converted to aquaculture ponds by trans-migrant communities who are facilitated in some way by local stakeholders, including government. Next. I also, in this presentation, quickly talk about DEMUK in Central Java where we work on a project with Wetlands International and some other actors. The landscape is sinking. You can see coastal erosion in this map and this is how people are living now. These people had to leave their house and mangroves took over their house and people are usually underwater one to two weeks per month now. Next. So this, there's a project with many, many institutions called ROM. It's launched by IUCN and the World Resource Institute and it's used to assess restoration opportunity at the landscape level. So forest landscape restoration. I think it's related to the Global Landscape Forum which is co-sponsoring this event. And today I'm going to talk a little about opportunity mapping and also a little about this red, green, yellow, light bangjo, yeah, a banghijo of the diagnostic here. Next. After one year in Gorantalo, the stakeholders, fish farmers, government and some NGOs and University of Gorantalo were doing some field study assessment research and developed restoration opportunity maps and these are the maps. In Gorantalo they developed three scenarios. The first scenario is very conservative. I wish I had a pointer or a laser. No laser? It's okay. Only a very thin, the dark green is the restoration opportunity. And this is only 133 hectares of opportunity. Oh, the slide is wrong. Sorry. I messed up the slide. It's 133 hectares of restoration opportunity in this conservative scenario which is 2.5% of the degraded landscape. Next. Next slide. Yeah. The second scenario was more restoration. The green, the light green areas were added as restoration areas and this was represented a total of 1367 hectares of restoration, about 25% of the degraded landscape. Next. And the final scenario. Next. The final scenario is full restoration of the nature reserve and partial restoration of the integrated forest management unit more than half the landscape to be restored and that's about 3,000 hectares. But the stakeholders were only brave enough to really commit to the first, the conservative scenario, not the middle scenario or this full restoration scenario. Eventually this got adopted by BAPEDA, the local planning agency, for implementation over a longer time period and not scenarios but phases, phases of restoration. Next. In Damak, 12,000, there used to be 13,000 hectares of mangroves in Damak. Now there's 1,000, a little less than 1,000. So there's 12,000 hectares of opportunity in Damak for restoration, but after a year of opportunity assessment, only 0.4% of the degraded landscape is identified for restoration. That's 50 hectares. So only 50 hectares of real opportunity from a biophysical standpoint and a social standpoint in a very large landscape. So very low opportunity. And in this project, this is actually going to take place. It'll be implemented by a program called Building with Nature, led by Wetlands International. There's also some, these blue little polygons in this map are not areas for restoration but areas for aquaculture restoration. So fixing the aquaculture ponds. And that outnumbered the area to be restored with forest quite a bit, like 5 to 1, something like that. Next. Okay, so in some other papers and chapters I talk a lot about the biophysical opportunity for restoration. Thank you. But here I'm going to really quickly go through social and policy and governance factors underpinning restoration opportunity. So next, it's better just to go into the slides. The first thing was after long interviews in focus group discussions with fish farmers in each landscape in Tanjung Panjang in Gorontalo and the Mak, I'm not sure how this works. It's okay. Some discourses were revealed. This is social science, yeah? So 22 focus group discussions and these discourses appeared. We were here first in Tanjung Panjang, they say these are fish farmers from South Sulawesi and we don't know the boundaries of this nature reserve. There was a discourse of complicity. Not just us, but government and other stakeholders facilitated this landscape conversion. Number three, we like mangroves. See, we're planting them. They're planting mangroves on the dike walls and that's to them is indicating they like mangroves. Four, we aren't going anywhere. We're willing to spill blood to keep our livelihood here. Five, we'll stay just a little longer and what is a little longer? Some said five years, some said 20 years and they said when we're rich and we're older our kids will want to be doctors and lawyers. They won't want to be fish farmers. It's hard work and it's no good. And the sixth one was we require compensation if we're an alternative livelihood. Makes a lot of sense. In Demuk, the discourse was slightly different. They want compensation as well. They said if the mangroves start growing again in Demuk they will cut some of them down to make more ponds and just have a coastal green belt which is the level of protection they feel they need. But Demuk is a sinking landscape and it needs a lot more than just Demuk. And there's some other discourses. I won't have time to talk too much about these. Next. Some of the social science tools we use. One is historical timeline to understand key policies and management events and governance transitions in the landscape. So this is a multi-stakeholder meeting where we develop a timeline. Next. I put this here. Okay. I'm going to talk about governance transitions really quick. In Java, in the landscape in Java after doing this timeline in Demuk as well we see, I wish there was a laser, the area outlined in pink on the left versus the area outlined in green on the right are two different management or governance regimes. The area on the left is now an industrial zone and the area on the right is private agriculture. Neither of them have a forestry mandate. They don't have to put mangroves in. There is a national law, a presidential regulation on a green belt recommendation, but nothing toothy, no policy that's very strong. So that's important in this landscape. Next. We've mapped out the governance transitions taking place in each landscape. In Gorantalo, Tanjung Panjang, it used to, a long time ago, as public commons and it changed to a strict nature reserve and then a protected forest. And the protected forest has transitioned to an integrated forest management unit. But the strict nature reserve, they don't know what to do because it's not realistic to keep it in mangroves. But they're afraid to degrade the status of this area, to degrade it into something else. That was an important lesson from this. In Demuk, it was public commons and then changed to agrarian use and that is transitioning now. And the final transition here is, there's two, also two different governance regimes. One is a private group, that industrial zone and the other is private individual where the farmers own rice fields and aquaculture ponds. Next. I'm not going to talk about this right now. I will briefly. Van Oosten and some colleagues, one Petrus, who people know here from Tropenbos identified three governance regimes for managing landscape restoration. The first one is very strict, the second one is got room for multi-stakeholder dialogue and the third one is innovative. Maybe it's a partnership with business, maybe like that industrial zone if industry really came on board and decided to restore mangroves, for instance. Next. I certainly won't have time to go through the table, but after breaking these down into their governance units, the top left in green is that nature reserve and then it's the integrated force management unit and the two Javanese landscapes are below that are not forest management areas and we just looked at them in terms of who's the management authority, what's the tenure like, what mode of landscape governance are they in, et cetera, et cetera. Do people have the rights to restore the area and do people have the rights to benefit from the restoration of that area? I'm going to have to skip this slide for now, but it'll be in a paper soon. So a couple of weeks ago I tried to organize this a little bit and came up with this diagram. This really needs a laser. But there's two axes. The X-axis is about governance flexibility and the Y-axis is tenure aerial security. The integrated force management unit in Gorantalo was up on Amman's and transisted and then it transitioned again to a district protected force and finally it's the integrated force management unit and it has a higher degree of flexibility as we've gone through time and also security of land tenure because there's multiple use in that landscape so that later we're going to say there's more opportunity, restoration opportunity in a management area where there's flexibility, room for adaptation. And the other landscapes are moving in different ways. Some are becoming less flexible but maybe staying at the same level of security and some are becoming both insecure and inflexible like the Strict Nature Reserve where the fish farmers will have to leave. There's no ifs ands or buts. And right now though, if we try to attempt restoration in that area, conflict will ensue because the management agency, BECA SDA and the fish farmers can't quite see eye to eye on some kind of compromise that will enable restoration but also alternative use. Sorry I'm going through this fast. I didn't think we'd only have eight minutes to present. Finally, as part of this one process, we got stakeholders together in a room all throughout the year, about four times from many agencies. We did stakeholder analysis first to pick who was in the room and they represented about 25 institutions in each landscape and went through this diagnostic tool called the Diagnostic of Institutional Readiness based on three themes, motivating factors, enabling factors and implementational factors. People self-graded, how ready do they think they are to undertake forest landscape restoration. This is from Tanjung Panjang in Gorontalo. Stakeholders felt largely that they were ready if your factors are in place they're green, if they're partially in place they're yellow and if they're not in place they're red. The multi-stakeholder group only identified the need for financial incentive and alternate livelihoods to move people out of landscape as the factor that's not in place yet but felt that everything else was in place. I think this warrants a bit more analysis to untangle how ready actually are the institutions of Indonesia to undertake agroforest landscape restoration. Next. This is my concluding slide. So the main findings from some of this analysis is that management flexibility is quite important for restoration opportunity. The landscape with the most opportunity was also the most flexible governance regime in this survey. It was important to have a forestry mandate. The two landscapes or sub-landscapes in Suwesi are both forest management areas and the two landscapes, sub-landscapes in Demak are not gazetted as forest management areas. So forestry is sort of an extra thing that would be nice to have in there but there's barely any law or regulation. It's all devolved to the local, right now to the provincial level and there's very little national guidance especially for mangrove, like how much mangrove should be in a landscape and mangrove restoration, etc. There's only that presidential kind of loose regulation that there should be a functional green belt of about 100 meters or maybe 200 meters but very unenforceable for the large part. And tenure rail security is quite a big issue too. People are, of course, much more interested in restoration if they have a stake if they're allowed to store a first but also to benefit from the restoration. Kind of obvious. There's some gaps that came up through this analysis too that there's a real serious need to develop alternative livelihoods if you're going to have people switch from fish farming to some other kind of land. If we're going to do restoration, what are the fish farmers going to do? They also want to be compensated for alternative livelihoods but compensation as well. Some people in government fought back at that little said that these people illegally converted the landscape and they should share in the repair of that landscape. That can be followed up upon. There's a fear of leakage into other systems. I know Anisa who's going to present later in this session works in Barau, East Kalimantan, and a lot of the fish farmers from here in Tanjung Panjang and also the Mahakum Delta are running into her landscape. So you can't effectively restore and get carbon money in Tanjung Panjang if people are then being forced out and going to Barau to convert mangroves there. And finally, time period is an issue. If people are going to leave a landscape that they're illegally occupying, do they have to do it tomorrow? Do they get a year? Do they get five years? Do they get 20 years? So some negotiation is still needed. I probably ran over time a little bit. I apologize. Next. Yeah, hold up. Thanks for your time and attention. Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. Good afternoon everybody. I will present... Excuse me. I will present our working together with Blue Penture and Blue Forest, Blue Carbon and Community. We wait for presentation. I make presentation in English and maybe I will present in Bahasa. So what I will present is our assessment in... Also this assessment that I think very closely related to the forest management community. What we do, we did this assessment in four locations, in Rabak-Sambilan, in the National Park, Rabak-Sambilan, and also in Zimbabwe, in Salern Bay, and also in Kendari, in Tumuhay National Park, and one more in Indragiri, in Riau Island. So the focus of this assessment is we want to identify whether there are opportunities to develop the Blue Carbon project and risk assessments in those locations. Okay, so we haven't got the presentation yet. So there are four things that undermine our work in this assessment. And also we have the willingness to see the potentials, the opportunity to develop the potentials, working with the local community to have this local initiative. We want to see whether we can develop risk assessment management there and the third one, whether there's an opportunity to find out problems among the community to develop any community health issues. And fourth is how community-based mangrove management can be done. So I'll just then continue without my presentation because of course we have a very limited time until 3 o'clock. So I will try to describe what I wrote in my presentation without having a display to all of you. So the methodology that we developed in this assessment is more on the FGD with the local community. So we went to the village and then having discussion with them to talk about their problems. And then we have this FGD with the community talking about the existing problems and conducting an analysis with the related stakeholders and to see whether they have an interest to develop a program related to blue carbon and whether there are opportunities for joint collaboration. We also combine between the social and ecological method and our focus is how we can promote I mean how, whether there are any potential of restoration in our study sites and there's an interesting element. These four locations have different characteristics in the Robux Milan. The area is so vast and the threat is so little. In this area, the authority of the National Park is very strong. So what happens is that the community in Robux Milan really doesn't have the ownership and they are frustrated because they don't have the control over the resources in that area. Therefore there are so many issues there. And if we take a look especially in New Sons of Milan, the community, they don't manage the resources. There are so many health issues. There are so many robbers. There are not the problems in New Sons of Milan because first, they don't have any power over their own resources and then also the total power hold by the National Park Authority. So what we can do in this location is how we can engage discussion with the authority with the local community so that there would be a community-based management together with the National Park management. And the potential for fisheries in that location is very rich. But the fish then are sold to Bangka Island. This is another huge fisheries production center in Indonesia. And in Giri Helier it has a quite different characteristic. This is a former logging concession area. And once the logging company moved out there's a continuous spread. There are so many illegal logings happened which are conducted by the community themselves. Whether they use it for burning wood or to produce charcoal. But first, there is no clear boundaries. There is no status whether that is designated as an industrial area where there are so many illegal logging activities. And there's a social issue immersed in this location as well where there are so many community alone to many the status of this area as a production area. How we can encourage a social forestry established in this area. The last one, the last area is Tomohai National Park. I'm sorry, I still have one more location to Salle Bay. But anyway, Tomohai National Park has different characteristics with Rupaksim Bilan. The area is well preserved but it is located when that is located in the downstream and the upstream location. The problem lies in the buffer zone. All the mangrove areas were converted into a fish pond due to the expansion by the fish farmers from the south area. And due to that conversion there is a reduction or reduction of fishery production in that area since 2000. For example, there is a fish company there are many fish companies who then move out from that area because the fish has been depleted. And what also happened is about the management. The management in Tomohai National Park has various issues regarding the status of this forest. So another important point what we have to do in this area is how we ensure that there is a sustainable management in the buffer zone. How we can encourage the landscape between the fish pond and the mangrove areas can be balanced and preventing any degradation of resources in that area. The last slide is where we work in Tsumawa area in three locations. The mangrove areas only covering 8,000 hectares 6,000 has been converted as fish pond and only 2,000 hectares left. What we have is the opportunity to develop a fish reproduction. There are many health issues and illegal fishing issues and due to those activities there is a significant reduction to fish reproduction. So what happens when we have depleted the fish? The community can no longer able to continue their livelihood. They shift to another area and trying to open to clear the forest area. These are the services of what we found on the ground in. The problem of course very much different from one location to another but the thing is we found a link with the location of mangrove area and the fish production and second the tenorial problem is a crucial problem that must be addressed when we try to develop programs related to blue-plotted project or climate change mitigation related project because this issue really affect the livelihood of these and of course when we try to develop blue-carbon among the community we have to be able to make the incentives related to their livelihood, their health can be integrated with the programs linked to blue-carbon otherwise it would affect their livelihood. How can they govern the coastal areas? I think it would be better if I can display pictures to represent our findings. I will just accept this condition and so I think this is what I can present in this occasion maybe you can read it in our full paper later on that the committee will distribute it to all of you. Thank you. For the available presentation for case studies from she will talk about sub-national model of mangrove sustainable management towards sustainability of coastal blue-carbon ecosystem initiative from Barau district Kalimantan. Eight minutes please. Thank you. Thank you very much Mr. Chairman while we are waiting for the presentation I would like to first say that this work in Barau is really a collaborative work so I am here as a representative of our partners and also our local partners in Barau and Kalimantan. So, yeah the slide. Thank you very much. Next slide please. First is I want to talk a little bit about we are this is our working site and the red cycle is the Barau area or East Kalimantan and this is the important area in our working site because in East Kalimantan we have two different program which is marine program and also terrestrial program. Next slide please. Next slide. Okay. Why is Kalimantan? East Kalimantan is very important province with 8.5 million hectares of forest and strong commitment from the government to protect their natural resources and then they have experienced on the RIDD plus in the implementation of subnational level and in the mangrove related to mangrove ecosystem the East Kalimantan places as fourth province in Indonesia with the highest coverage of mangroves. So, this is very important and also in East Kalimantan as brand browns just said they have very high threats for the mangrove area. This is the data that we have and the frustration of mangrove is around 30,000 hectares which is mean that 2,500 hectares per year. Next slide. Well, this is the visual of the mangrove area in East Kalimantan. There is still a leprosy we have this proboscis monkey which is endemic in East Kalimantan and this way important as well and also the Nifpa along the river side of the coastline. Next slide. So, this is the threat. We saw this the stream of a culture or a fish pond is also happening in East Kalimantan. Really a big business in the Mahakam Delta actually, especially and we saw from our first permanently survey that most of the farmer in Mahakam Delta is going to brawl Delta as their expansion. Therefore, we thought it is really important to work in brawl to protect the mangrove or the existing mangrove before it's too late and become converted to shrimp pond and also the palm oil is also the other threat and if we saw this that the practice for the palm oil they are also taking out the roots and dig also the soil to be converted to the palm oil. Next slide. Okay. So, the initiative in the district level we are quite lucky that our colleagues in terrestrial unit have already built some kind of framework of the landscape management in brawl. It's called Brawl Forest Carbon Program that focusing in these six goals is special planning, emission reduction community livelihood high-poly ecosystem of the present watershed also improvement in institutional capacity building and also examination as lesson learned. This goal is really the key of our framework to support the forest management which also included the mangrove forest here. For the mangrove we kind of first put together or gather together the stakeholders and we overlap the mangrove distribution in brawl district with the special planning and we saw this that the special planning already used our not really compatible for the land use is not compatible with the mangrove coverage or mangrove distribution. We can see this that most of the mangrove distribution is well, allowed to become the fisheries forest, production forest settlement plantation and other land use. Next slide. We are also trying to identify which stakeholders who are involved in mangrove management in the geographical distribution who is working where. Therefore, we can try to coordinate better. For example, KNT will work on the one part and then other NGOs or other partners will work in the other part and this is looks like it's already well a lot of coverage but there's plenty of fillets which is still not being facilitated and that's also become our homework, how our initiative could become or also be replicated next slide. Okay, so scaling up the provincial level why mangrove is important for the East Kalimantan because East Kalimantan also included in the forest carbon partner to pass facility is one of the framework from the World Bank and in cooperation with Indonesian government to work on the emission reduction incentive and the East Kalimantan is the only province included in this framework. Therefore we are well our colleague has estimated that the emissions that is produced by the mangrove soil maximum prediction is 28% for all the emission in the East Kalimantan therefore the mangrove is really important this is the emission that produced by the degradation of land conversion in the East Kalimantan during 2004 and 2015 next slide therefore and provincial level they are also building some kind of framework that allows the model of the best practice like the BFCP that happened or being conducted in Borough become one example of one prototype that could also replicate it in another district another area which is quite important because the BFCP is traditionally like the district hopefully this district jurisdiction and if the model is work it could be replicated or there's a roadmap that could be used by other province next slide okay so we find this from this work and exercise that the landscape design is really crucial part for the mangrove system because as you see the special planning is really not included the mangrove distribution in its consideration therefore we are always struggling to hinder or to avoid other land use or if there is a permit to use the mangrove area as other land use and also jurisdiction is one thing that we found quite effective because this is to ensure the leadership who is going to lead all the process because gathering all the stakeholders in one place is not really easy without any leadership from the in this particular cases the government the provincial level and then the district government and also mainstream the in the special planning is really important and also the collaborative management is one thing that we are trying to promote here working together also with the community and the community is really keen to this scheme that we are trying to develop because we kind of put the community in the front line and they're the one that will protect or use the mangrove in an insustainable way and that strong support is really we found that this because of the high awareness that already in Brao because we already working in Brao since 2000 early 2000 and this is one result that we have next slide next slide this okay this is the the end so I think from this diagram we thought that we try to kind of build or develop some kind of model in the district level like the FTP and we also initiate some district law to protect mangroves and then hopefully this become a model one kind of model in the provincial level which could be included in the GBC and we are kind of hope that this approach could also being yeah become some kind of input for the national level framework so which consider the jurisdiction and also the sector because there's a lot of sectors involved in mangrove management therefore we kind of have to balance the jurisdiction and also the sectors and how so that the national level framework can also being replicated again and trickled down to other provincial level framework in Indonesia other than islamatang perhaps so my discussion is we could find is it possible to combining jurisdiction approach and sectoral approach in this mangrove management and also development plan for mangrove management and also national special planning is very important to include the mangrove distribution so they could become high value by diversity or ecosystem that could not be converted. Increase awareness I think this is really important and perhaps we could also use stick carrot approach which is might be useful and the last thing is how to collaborate because we need to collaborate our homework right now is to collaborate also with the private sector which is we want to perhaps going to that direction. Next slide. Okay, just the parties that working together in Baral, you see that this is really a collaborative and we are missing the private sectors here and then hopefully we could involve them in the near future. Next slide. Thank you very much. Next speaker is Umahadu Are you here? We will talk about overground development of the future we want to talk about. Thank you. So good afternoon everyone. My name is Mohammed Wilden people usually call me Teddy and I'm still in the bachelor degree in law in faculty of law at the University of Indonesia so I need to apologize if my study is not that comprehensive as you guys did and so this is my study I'm going to talk about the the center of the studies about people that is in Muara Anke Jakarta particularly in North Jakarta Next. So this, so what happened so what happens in the society in the North Jakarta particularly in Muara Anke there's this program called Jakarta Bay Reclamation Project this project has been initiated since 2005 and it will be and it is an ongoing process until 2020 and 2025 and the aim of this project is mainly about economics, meanwhile as we know the area of the Muara Anke itself it is consisted of two different parts. The first part is about the lavish buildings shopping center and also the extravagant lifestyle that you can find there and another side is about the and slum fissures that produces fish and also green shell muscle that I'm going to talk about here. So in this study I'm going to spot the difference between these two entities that happen in the same area because they live in a very close area and what happens with this Reclamation Project, what happens with this issue is actually this Reclamation Bay Project initiated within the Reclamation of the National and what is happening here it is actually something wrong because we can see, we can sense the law and the policymaking here there's something wrong with the law and policymaking here and the subject of my study is about Fissure Woman because why did I pick Fissure Woman because as we know I'm a feminist as we know that in our law about the protection and also empowerment of the Fissure Men, that is actually the translation of Fissures the law itself it is called Fissure Men, not Fissure Woman but as we know that the Fissures are not only men but also women in this term only we already can see the discrimination that happens to the women and the Reclamation itself it will take over the more than 5100 hectares sea and they will create it into land, next so these are the research questions the first one is what are the effects of the Reclamation Bay Project towards Grinshaw Mussel Fissure Woman and second how to overcome the issue next so these are the causes of impoverishment of Grinshaw Mussel Fissure Woman the first one is the Reclamation Project that affects the well-being of Grinshaw Mussel and law and policy that lack of gender perspective and are not on the side of the poor as I said that in this study I will talk about two law and regulations that actually talk about the protection of our Fissure Men the first one is law number 7 year 2016 and also the ministerial decree number 16 year 2016 next and the second issue is I'm sorry and the first issue lack of gender aware, law and policy the analysis that I use here is feminist policy analysis by Amy Gilmazour towards the law number 7 year 2016 about protection and empowerment of Fissures here I'm trying to create a change instead of I'm following the path of our law makers by using the Fissure Men I'm trying to create something that more gender neutral I'm trying to create Fissures instead of Fissure Men these are the 5 indicators that Mazour used within this analysis so Mazour is trying to talk about whether or not a policy and law has gender perspective these 5 indicators these indicators are indicating whether or not this law has the respect of a gender and the law number 7 year 2016 this law is only saying yes to the point number 4 which is equal policy for women and men but this law and policy does not support the idea of the points from the number 1, 2, 3 and 5 which we can see that law and the policy that happens in Indonesia more of the law makers they are not having or embracing the idea of law and gender perspective what we can see here is not about the human only as this event we're talking about blue carbon and I'm trying to extend the theme into blue carbon economy and while I'm talking about blue carbon economy I'm talking about who are the subjects or who are the people who actually work there and we cannot deny the entity of blue carbon that work inside this system that work inside this link next the second issue is the need of better strategies and management on the fisheries sector particularly green shell muscle as a recommendation we can adapt the public sector strategies triangle by Professor Markmore from Harvard the first one is legitimacy and support and public value and operational capabilities of these three items these are usually used by the private sector where the corporate they're trying to they're trying to expand their businesses therefore the government itself can adapt the idea how the corporate can work so the public sector can earn as much as the private sector with such strategy so this is actually a good strategy for government to expand or to create an economy or well-being of its society to get more money from the businesses that they do in this particular topic is about the fisheries next and the effects of the impoverishment the first one is financial financially and as we can see that before the commission started on 2015 I mean massively started on 2015 these fishers they need to spend 11 million in order to create a green shell muscle pond in the center of the sea and then they need to travel from their house into the center of the sea of course with the fuel and the food that they need to eat and as we can see instead of benefiting from these from this activity of economics they are suffering from the financial loss per month they need to suffer for more than 811 I'm sorry for more than 810,000 per month instead of benefiting they are suffering from loss and the second is in domestic area what is the problem that we have in our law and policy regulation is we only define fishers as someone who extracts the fish from the center of the sea but this regulation denies that there are a lot of fishers they work to split the fish or do the processing in their houses so these regulations are not trying to embrace the definitions of the fishers and within this domestic area from social and culture women are not perceived as someone who earns money within the household so this domestic area is actually holding back what one can do and they are not getting the right they deserve and this actually has the connection with the ministerial decree 2016 which actually this ministerial decree talks about insurance within this ministerial decree this ministerial decree denies the existence of fish women because they only acknowledge the fishers who actually extract the fish from the center of the sea and the third is the access to basic rights if you distinguish as here who would like to see how they leave each day they are suffering from their basic rights basically they are not having the proper households proper house and also they are not having the access to clear water and the last is child labor as you can see in this picture it is actually self-explanatory next the solution towards the the first one is create and enforce legal framework and policy that support fish women and better management for fishery sector but not limited to securing the well-being and business of fish women and the unprivileged as we can see that law and policy law and policy making in Indonesia it is made by our government it is made by our legislation but most of the time they are not on the side of the poor and unprivileged and we need to urge them to have a broad perspective that it is not only the rich or the businessman who actually do the business there are unprivileged people who actually do the business so let's embrace these actors so they are not left behind next thank you that's all Bismillah Selamat siang Good afternoon here I want to share an experience in doing a program called the study that program support by USA and what I will share is about what we do in the first first year of the program that we not do action at all with the the community but we develop the resilient assessment to understand the system the system in village, ten village we do the research in the ten village because we seen the village as a system maybe better if we look at the slide next I am forget to introduce myself from Blue Forest sorry Blue Forest is like dominating this session but we try the best to share our experience this is about where we are working in mangrove and swan forest landscape in the district of Mimika and Asmat in Papua in Papua province it has five hundred seven thousand hectares of mangroves and it's about two million actually between Mimika and Asmat for the swan forest so it's very large potential and in there next slide next slide indigenous people in this Asmat district live indigenous people called Asmat tribes they use very very wisely the mangrove next slide catching the crab, catching the tambelo, tambelo is one of mollus and you can eat directly if you find in the decay trees next and also they use in this swan forest there and fish next and also they use for culture ceremony they use mangroves there to build just only mangroves to build the traditional house next and some trade of the mangrove there actually there's less management in that superior mangrove we know with that large it's become second largest after Sunderban mangroves but actually it's less managed and have a lot of trade basically the trade is come from sorry from government gave a permission gave a license to do forest there to oil palm or from the mining and some little login from local government but we found the best management practices come from community that live about 100 years there next is referred to us at Lestari program us at Lestari program is consortium working there with tetra tech leader and as a forest join there and WWF also join there to work with two goals reduce GSG emission and protecting the city and we to get the goal we do in strategy and we more focus on sustainable landscape governments and collaborative management with stakeholders in Papua especially in Mimika and Asthmat next here we when we do the program we implement before us at Lestari there is a program called us at affects that have built the foundation of the program so we not start from the zero but we already have like mangrove management plan that we develop to other assessment and we seen the village as a system composed of parts that related to each other how to know and understand the village we do it with the resilient assessment and we saw the village is there is like one village can once village community can reach until like 1,000 hectares between mangrove and swamp forest to use the natural resource so from there we must know how related community to manage the the natural resource here we make research building and we we want to know what in the in the system in the village the status of the social or economic or ecological condition and when we found something the status of the system we build this scenario to to to to do in the program next please I will explain about our methodology that come from Alian's theory that we want to select a vocal system that we choose village we do 10 village there and develop timelines as you see we want to identify also threshold from the system we want to see the threshold from social system, ecological system and economical system so we want to know what happened in the system and analyst cycle of damage is in Papua dominance the system is still conservative so when we know it's conservative what we're going to do in some area like in Sulawes or Java maybe the system is already changed it's already changed and maybe it needs another scenario to build to make some program there it depends on the condition of the area and we describe the system regime including tractors what pool the system there the system from the outside or just the inside and develop the scenario that we want to develop in program and develop the intervention please next and here is the curve system versus optimal state that Mr. Ben have made for this line assessment in this study program we use there of change and landscape approach we want to know from socio-economic perspective how the status and how the value of the system and when we know landscape is changing from outside factors we want to know what's the impact from the the regime so we want to know the outcome point from each village that happen in Mimika and Asthmat so we want to know action without reflection or reflection without action is dangerous because sometimes we don't know we have money we have a lot of program and attack Papua with their conservative people sometimes it makes people more know more poor more not resilient so we want to know what happen in the system and then we put the scanner next please here what we get in 10 village that dominant most of them is conservative condition so we just need intervention like not not introduce more alternative livelihood or else but just like close to their habit not introduce some new and make make difference a lot because there's changing there's will be changes so fast we do it so we develop some actions from the intervention strategy we do it in 10 village in Mimika and Asthmat and we just focus in conservative conservative village because it's less less intervention and less because we don't want to make the people change too fast we want to make their enhancements in what they do right now next here what we already do and still going we develop now the collaborative management with community regulation in village and learn what they can do with the results that they have we support them to make traditional map traditional management natural resource map and also we help them to arrange to make the profile of their natural resource maybe that's all and it helps the program to make a better to make better scenario in Papua community maybe that's all thank you for listening thank you thank you thank you for this interesting experience and so is from Papua and our last speaker is from the Ministry of Marine and Fisheries he will talk about challenges and opportunities of blue carbon implementation in Indonesia by Yusran by Henry Yusran thank you very much thank you for the opportunity to invite me for presenting what we have in terms of implementation of blue carbon policy in Indonesia I think is what we agree in the ministry that the blue carbon is a new emerging concept that's starting from the black carbon or brown carbon as well as the green carbon and we think is next one I think this is already mentioned by Padani this morning that's really what we concerned here below the canopy or below the ground and we can really enrich the sediments as well as also deposit that can be multiple carbon there right that's the good news here there are almost 55% that's blue carbon can be potential I think is there will be the current study for the blue carbon how much there will be and the blue carbon here also thinking in the ministry is coming from can be traced back into the the healthy ecosystem that by another ocean declaration when we have conduct the ocean conference at the time but we are concerned here because the current status and conditions for the important we call the coastal wetland ecosystem is really we need to do something for the status and the bad news here the red the loss is really high and then tends to be increased and it can be like four times compared to the next one yeah and I think from the previous presenter we can see that how the role of the coastal ecosystem can be the charismatic roles especially for the environmental services and so on and this is some observation that I think about the blue carbon in term of the policy implementation first this is related to the ecosystem services how we deal with the currently and continuous land changes especially in the conference challenges and the blue carbon itself as I mentioned before is consistent with the monado ocean declaration and the world ocean conference and then also that we have monado communicate on coral reef especially in the world and the blue carbon in terms of climate change we at the times we thinking about the in associated ecosystem with the coral reef and the blue carbon itself can be the new incentive policy I'm sure that will be we have the financial scheme but how we deal with the land changes and how we deal also the intergovernmental transfer especially for the carbon trade but I think we are under progress how to do it and the main challenge here how to deal with the monitoring reporting verification if we want to go for the carbon trade and or we can quantify or monitoring it and I think what we are doing in the ministry especially for the researchers that we are dealing with the blue carbon we have the dissenters for example from the ministry of forestry we still going for the standardized methodology next one and if we can next one next if we can see in the in term of the international negotiation process actually it can be related to the what we can see this in the RIDD or reducing emission of the the radiation degradation for the land best sectors and then the blue carbon is concerned or discussed especially like even this is like things or source in 2005 and then in 2009 there was a technical and scientific aspect of the IPCC that produced what we can see here the coastal wetland ecosystem and in 2015 the INDC Indonesia is mentioned in only two words in the national determination contributions even toward I think this is a great start and that's the challenging in term of the internationally as well is national position next one and if we can look back our track for mainstreaming the oceans it will start right after the World Ocean Conference it was we call it in COP 13 that produced the peri-monumental result we call the belly action plan and then by the time we try to mainstreaming we have is one of the we can Saksihidup for the ocean recreation and then we continues even for the COP up to the process you can see but I don't want to go to detail for that next one and up to the Lima point but there is one good it was a good next one in the Durban process is start we have a very concerned and very intensive communication in term of the reset and systematic observation for the blue carbon part of the delegation like that but next one we can summarize that we don't have any explicit express in term of the blue carbon I think everybody knows that in the blue carbon negotiation text we always use the coastal wetland ecosystem that's I can see that this is like the we can use for the simplified that what we mentioned about the coastal wetland ecosystem and this is in South Africa we have the produce like that even in last meeting in substart one last year we have quite we call it progress because we can acknowledge as the hold the word the work from the IPCC for the special report and then next one this is what I mentioned before this is the guidance for the wetland and I think this is if we want to continue for the blue carbon itself we need to make it and then to see that I think it's part of the expert and crafted what we have done so far for the blue carbon and then we have I think for in term for the research but we need to bring in the policy and then we will agree a great outcome of the policy mentioned here so this morning we saw that there is a facet from the C4 produced that how the comparison of the emission itself but we discussed with them the waiting ministry we need for something that agreed among the ministry then they can be the national option for the mangrove and for the emission itself next one we need to be more concerned and more related for the IPCC guideline also that will be mentioned here in one chapter next one you can see this in one next one in one chapter for the supplement this is still supplement this is chapter 4 in terms of coastal wetland that's what we really concerned for the international negation process next one and this is some guideline that I think in part of the negation process I think in the international community we have an emily pigeon here and also the people from the international blue carbon alliance and from the Australia and so on we produce this for the guideline next one the challenge of especially for Indonesia itself as the rate of coastal wetland ecosystem is quite high we the question is now how we restore it and how we maintain it or even we can regain it so the ministry work together with some partner from ecosystem consortium we are going together with how to prevent the abrasion in the map and we conduct the next one we try to realign that and then we try to improve the drainage restore the hydrology increase trapping and fine sediment and put sediment as a combination measure next one this is what we done so far in the in the map in some area but we expand that so in the map we just building about 5 kilometers our ministry itself conduct is more than 20 kilometers for protect our coastline next one this is what we mentioned here for how we restore it in terms of building in nature we try to building with nature so we try to not against how the nature work but to try to adopt it into our structures how the structure looks like as a nature next one and this is really community involvement and community effort there next and we also conduct like for the sandy beach we provide what we call this prolong geoplastal bag this is more like how we regain the sediment especially the sandy beach to protect the connection and it can be also additional structures to reduce the what we call this wave and so on from the coastline next one this is some kind of what we structure for the sandy next one next one and you can see that we also put like in Cherubon what we are measure here so in we conduct like this to address the problem like that but again as Daniel this morning mentioned that's one of the big enemy for the mangrove especially in Cherubon is the plastic sometimes we cannot find a good spot for skip the plastic next one we do it some like how we promote the community tomorrow there will be in high level our DG probably will express that or we will inform you but for this time being I would like to inform that we have ready planted for about 6.8 million mangrove especially 4 million in the north of Java and 2.6 around Indonesia and then also we have 400 something for the coastal wetland for the coastal vegetation and we have also next one increase awareness through the separate program we call the Gita Laud so how we love the sea and then how we also maintain the sea last week our minister launched the program we called the Pandu Laud Nusantara that's all together with the and then our thing is our actress here Prita Laura part of the movement itself next one and and then I'm sure that our researchers conduct what we call this in situ observations I think we have several sport regarding how to measure the cigarette meadow mangrove and all thing how we combine it with we have some collage there in the middle row that you can ask later on next one and the other challenge is as we think it's the numbers of it really worried numbers for us because we have at least every year we lost almost 2,000 hectares of our coastline and then we deal with about 420 kilometers of the coastal erosion around Indonesia and then the natural restoration is like half of that and then we have to deal more than half of the natural restoration so that's why we need something how to protect our coastline what we did like a structure of hybrid I've present before next one and this is also regarding that the mangrove itself is really alarming rate for us the deforestation itself and then because of the coastal storm industrialization and then urbanization itself next so we have also the program that mentioned in the restoration of north coast of java that one part of our president portfolio why north coast of java because this is really in terms of is really east and west and then bring already good material and raw material come up with the matter that can be used later on or consumable by the people and then it's also you can see that java is really populated it's very high populated island in Indonesia so we deal with that and the problem is one third of the coastline is vulnerable because of people most living in the coastal area and then can be affected by the 3 million people there and sorry our economic loss probably declined for 2.2 billion USD per year and that can be lost our economic growth by at least 2% if we combat it next one and then there's the conditions north coast of java you can see that we have the coastal area by each province and then also the aerodid coastline by the province still central of java use one is the really aerodid coastline in Indonesia next one and then also the mangrove itself is try to reducing every years because of the next one so you can see that if we can buy provincial our data mention like this again the data it can be also we have need a lot to mention here we have one data and one map but we need to put more how we update the data about the coastal wetland ecosystem itself next one means if we want to move the flow carbon to address the challenge for the blue carbon implementation in Asia I think we have come up with a three point first we need to strengthening our coalitions like Parizal mentioned in the panel session we need how to coalition and we need to always perform the need for the blue carbon itself and then we need to framing it into the economic what we did and we are doing right now how to measurable the ecosystem itself and quantify that for what we can see the ecosystem services so it really can be the language that can be used for the policymaking to make it this yes we need to protect that area and then of course we need for strengthening our methodology and this is the still I think is the take home message for us especially for our researchers and for our ministry researchers as well the other researchers how we strengthen the methodology and then we come up with a grid methodology so by having this three point this conclusion I would like to get the time to mention that we will have our ocean conference next one please we have our ocean conference that that will be conducted in Bali this October what special for the ocean conference is commitment so we would like to invite the people from the forum to show your commitment and then to make it the commitment then implement the commitment into our conference that will be held and last in October 29 up to 30 and the theme right now is our ocean our legacy so by I think that I would like to conclude my presentation and then thank you very much for your attention thank you thank you very much Hendra it is a very interesting presentation from our seven speakers unfortunately we run out of time and therefore I encourage you to continue our discussion our engagement during the afternoon break because after this you are going to move to the next session which is the forum thank you to all of our seven speakers good afternoon peace be upon you