 Yeah, I think we can start with the last panel of this particular dialogue and Today for this last panel on the youth migration in future work. We have a two panelist on my Right is miss Maria Pietro Maria Pietro is an employment of the future and work specialty in ILOs employment policy department Her current work focuses mainly on issues related to ongoing and future challenges in the world of work and youth employment Maria has more than 17 years of professional experience in United Nations ILO and UNDP in Positions that include thematic areas such as youth employment local economic and social development public private partnership For urban environment small and micro enterprises informal economy and infrastructure development Maria holds degree in the master of science in business administration and economics from the University of Gothenburg, Sweden correct Thank you from my left. I have Miss Joanna Nipiera la the process well good Joanna is a policy analyst in the joint assistant center of the European Commission where she was recently coded it The GRC flagship report the changing nature of work and skills in the digital age digital age She's holds PhD in economics from the faculty of economic economic science of university of Orsov Her research interests include migration of polls in two Scandinavian countries migration of women influence the social networks Existence on the labor market functioning. Thank you for having a time to be with us today Similarly to the previous Panels we have a certain number of questions that we should ask and maybe look different But then other sessions we have two panelists I will probably list the old free and give you the floor that you can actually speak on As in one block because I think will be better better presents and then after we can give the floor for the questions Do you agree for this or not one-to-one? Okay Miss Pietro The first one is globalization has lead more diverse work opportunities for youth seeking to enter the labor market That brings more opportunities more challenging at the same time What are our laws strategic and approaches on how to better equip and the power youth to respond to those opportunities and challenges This is the first one Listen, we want to go one by one. That's Okay, let's then go please Okay, so let me it's okay. Good afternoon, by the way So just let me put things into a little bit of perspective by throwing out a few statistics just to So there are In a hundred and forty five million youth working in poverty a hundred and fifty-five million and Sixty-four million are Unemployed so basically there is an issue here of not employment of unemployment, but one of Access to a good job and there is a hundred and sixty-four million migrant workers in the world and 12 million youth migrant in the world So and So that there is an issue of poverty and there is an issue of youth Access to good jobs So this is in this context that we are sitting here today and from the ILO the ILO International Labor Organization is a tripartite Organization that has a board that includes governments employers and workers organizations our mandate is Social social justice for all very ambitious and Our agenda is the decent work agenda. So that's Where we come from where the organization comes from and as such the ILO adheres to the SDGs and Gold eight is the home if you like of Of our SDG that is full employment and decent work Yeah, but we also adhere to other frameworks like the global compact for safe orderly and regular migration, etc. So and We are also a normative Organization and standard-setting organization we work with international labor standards conventions and recommendation as one part of our work and in the area of Youth there is a And a resolution that is called the youth employment crisis a call for action That obviously also include youth migrants Yeah, and more recently what the ILO has been sort of investing a lot of time on is to create a framework To address the changes in the labor market that are occurring Yeah, and I'm sure that you have seen it in social media in Newspapers, etc The discussions around the future of work And how it is changing and how work will change, etc. So the ILO launched an Initiative called the future of work initiative to explore what was going on around the world in all our 187 member states and in parallel created a commission of Experts and sort of high-level experts chaired by the Prime Minister of Sweden and the president of South Africa and In this discussions of the global commission on the future of work and The The final outcome is a publication called work for a brighter future and the essence of that publication is The suggestion of what there are 10 recommendations, but the suggestions for the application of a human-centered agenda and Which is you know, I highlight this as a very important part of of the ILO's framework at the moment and At the same time because this was a global commission to make it part of the ILO and to Spread it to our member states This summer in June in our international labor conference There was the adaptation of a sense of the so-called sentinary declaration on the future of work because the ILO just turned 100 years and sort of this was sort of with a bang if you like going Towards the future and this declaration also highlights the so-called human-centered Approach and what it means is That in all these changes that are going on in the labor market The human being is put in the center if you like And it contains like three parts The first part is the strengthening of the capacities of the individual now a Looking at gender equality looking at how to implement a strategy that will permit skills development and The recommendation is and I'm sure many of you are familiar with it It's an approach to lifelong learning that would permit people to upskill and re-skill Following the demands of the labor market that I'm sure we will come back to Social protection is another angle and The issue of transitions because For past generations our jet my generation my Parents, etc. The issue was to having one two three four up to five jobs in a Lifetime whereas what is sure now is that? That Will not longer be the case Whereas we had maybe in a couple of years We had one job or two jobs, etc Our children will probably have sent ten jobs in one day if they work in the through the gig economy So the the structure of the labor market is completely different So this needs Policies and and programs and support To for people to go from school to work to another job for to another job to care To another job to retirement, etc Sort of facilitating this new scenario of how we will work and produce and Therefore this we need institutions of work like for example that respects the fundamental rights that of all workers That have adequate wages and Limits times of work and have safety and work safety and And health at work But we will we also need economies that can create a Sustainable environment for job creation, you know like macro policies That will permit this development and this is not only employment policies, but financial policies and trade policies, etc that Collaborate in order to have employment growth Investments in infrastructure and the development of sustainable enterprises to create jobs Are and the transition and the facilitation of trans sitting from an informal economy to the formal economy? and then lastly there is the issue of That was considered extremely Important the protection of the worker beyond all the protections we have Today and that is the protection of the workers data and That was put as a very important point. So the impact And it's different though of all these issues is it different? It differs from country to country from region to region from locality to locality. So There is no one-size-fits-all so it has to take into consideration the situation in the in their locality Thank you Then it will go to one question then to you and then we continue further discussion then the question that I will have for for you Anna is You're one of the co-authors of report analyzing relation between digital age and the nature of work And I think this is what will you touch a little bit with a number of jobs in the future. We're having the same day Could you please highlight some of the key findings of your research for this report and how those findings relate to the youth Thank you. Thank you for having us It was coating reports on the changing nature of work. That's how the report looks like you can download it from the websites GRC is one of the European Commission institutions and our job is to Collect information from the research for many many different institutions and summarizes and Tell the story to political policymakers to make their decision better so and another Bunch of activities that we do at we joined research center We try to anticipate the future and what we do we do a lot of activities That's our cult for sites and you can find on our website We identified 14 megatrends that are going on right now and shape the situation of human beings in the globe and one of them is Label market and this report specifically Is dedicated to summarize all the changes that are going to happen in the next years and then we can expect it Will change our life and it probably I Heard and we read I'm sure that all of you read at least one article about that the robots will take our job and It's just a matter of time. It will happen next day or in a week of time or in 10 years And our first chapter summarizes discussion and summarize all the research that was done in that area And what we learned from the discussion in the beta sets We need to think That's there are there won't be any task that will they don't don't have the potential to be Automatized by robots and take by robots. It's just a matter of time and it's across skills So no worker is safe anymore It's not about only low-skill level workers. It's also about high highly skilled workers, but what we discovered also in that debate is that Only tasks that are repetitive All the tasks that are predictable and don't include any social interactions are the most prone to be automatized in the nearest future so if you think about that then You can use OECD tool, which is also available online And try to answer a few questions about your work and then you will discover like how your work is prone to be Automatization in the future Of course, there is elements of personal choice like if you think about caring work that is work that is done mainly or to much extent by my migrants Like If you will age and if you will be older then of course you will acquire more and more care And it's Europe is aging and we are in the long term. We are thinking like how to Make sure that all our citizens will have access to the healthcare and and to care Services and of course we we could find some Funds a lot of innovations in that area and try to Robotize this area, but do we really want to have our robots to take our hands when we will be old and care for us? We're probably not and that's the area that shows that even if we will have a technology to replace Human work, there will still be humans needed to perform that work And That's answers like How this automation? Could impact migration flows and migration patterns But another link to migration we can make the technology change is of course via platformization of work and the gig economy that Maria mentioned already We noticed that technology allowed a lot of our work to be done via online meaning that probably most of you used Uber drivers or used Uber eats to have their food delivered to your home There are certain services that could be performed anywhere in the in the world and The match between employer and employees done by the online platform And if you if you think about this leave this market You could see that most of the jobs That are done via the platform work The demand is coming from Developed countries like Europe, United States, Canada But a bunch of this work is done actually in India or Asian countries So like 70% of the work that is demanded via from Western European or developed countries is actually done by the people in less developed countries Which means that if the platform didn't exist and the people should they pay with my great otherwise that's that's So we did two surveys on platform workers to to see if this phenomenon is increasing and decreasing and we of course We see more and more engagement in platform work of young but not only young workers in Europe And what is really important to say is that this work Those contracts well, it's not about contracts, but This workers are really vulnerable because they don't have social protection the contracts They have between them and client clients Most of them they are Initiative economy so to speak they aren't they don't they are not protected but by any any social protection And also if you see workers that are involved in platform work in Europe they also Like one third is It's about young workers The positive side of platform work is that young people can actually gain first experience without them So some people are saying that this phenomenon actually allows young people to enter the labor market and gain the first Experience but looking from the social protection perspective. We see that those contracts are not really a contract We would like to young people to have so That's probably like the two main topics of interest for the labor for the migration and Technology change. Thank you Now we have another two questions for Maria and Those two questions are what is the interpell between the youth mobility and changing nature of work as well as Digitalization integration and globalization of the labor markets How will all those? Contemporary developments impact to youth and its mobility. This is the first one and the second one What tools can be used by the international community for instance in the area of skills? Facility mobility in effective job matching bilateral multilateral cooperation labor mobility To cover youth potential and labor mobility and to contribute to the development of origin and destination communities Let me address the first one that relates to The drivers of change that are influencing the labor market and the interaction of those drivers of change with young people and migrant young slash migrants and The one the first Message that I would like to leave you with is that there are several Drivers of change and they should not be seen separately Because it will give just part of the answer what technology how technology Influences the future of work how the shifts in demographics or how You know climate change you have to look at the whole Spectrum of things to be able to say to make an accurate analysis. That's the first message And and now looking into the different drivers like globalization is one that we often just Overlook because it's been with us for a while decades, but there is a shift in globalization whereas opening up of trade and and traveling and Free movement of goods and people etc. Was a trend that was expanding Due to recent geopolitical approaches There is a setback in globalization. There is a stagnation. There is a return to nationalism and protectionism as a trend and this is important to highlight and this also influences is obviously migration and Migration policies and programs At the same time as globalization also has been increasing in terms of through internet through new technologies Like we are extremely connected now We know exactly what's going on in Madagascar and in two seconds etc. So that brings us all closer together But there is a turn if you wish in in desires and how people see Like getting closer to each other. Yeah, and it a lot of the answers lie on What have been seen as? Losers and winners of globalization and a lot of feelings around that yeah Another driver that every it's every in everybody's mind and it has been mentioned already is the demographic shifts And there is now globally we are aging. I mean the whole world is aging Which is a good thing. It means that we have better health care and we take care of each other better, etc At the same time that it cannot be forgotten that Africa has an enormous youth bulk and This constellation brings certain And tendencies that if you think you know we have an age in population say in Japan and next door you have Not enough jobs for youth meaning in the then it would be normal that There would be a matching. Yeah, and and there is a tendency through the care economy of increasing Employment through that sector and migrants and young migrants have a tendency to or have Yeah, particularly in Asia Asia, but in other countries to be in that sector So there is that influence No on the aging now technology that we have been already touching upon Is the other driver the the most popular driver of change if you like And It's one that generates a lot of fear. Will I lose my job with my job? We be Relevant in a few years And there are a lot of studies a few years ago when we started the whole thing that the issue was jobs will be destroyed Point and now with time It has changed and there was an issue of low-skilled jobs that will be destroyed But then it's not completely accurate because There are also high-skilled jobs that are destroyed so but one thing is for certain though and that is that All jobs will change in a way and they have already I mean if you think about it we work differently that we did five ten years ago because of all the gadgets that we have access to because of you know things like the internet on the emails and the The and the apps that we use. I know in the ILO we have several apps just you do training so that's So it will change and in terms of automation another Discovery if you like is that there is a direct correlation between age and risk for automation that We have done research on and there is a you curve sort of the younger You are the higher the risk for automation and then the curve goes down a little bit with agent and then it goes up again when you go up in age, so that's another sort of finding that we have and Automation is in principle displacing the the question is how and the the issue is that Automation and technology is happening in such a speed That what is true today might not be true tomorrow. We just need to take this into consideration like but Automation is there like the the international federation of robot robotics has confirmed that there is a high Concentration and increasing concentration of robots being created and disseminated to develop economies Yeah, mainly and that influences obviously the the migrant workers that had this jobs earlier and The same goes for digital digitalization There is a high concentration of access to digitalization or to the internet in developed economies It's I know that there is this whole feeling that Africa is connected and the the apps etc But figures don't lie. There is a huge gap In with the developed economies and the and the last Driver that I wanted to mention is environment and climate change that is influencing us a lot the way we work and produce and Rising sea levels Heat stress is and like the the latest issue that The people are not able to work in agriculture in certain parts of the world anymore because of heat stress that causes enormous strains and that influences obviously also migration from in or a countries of origin and destination and So This is has to be seen also in in a world where Developed economies and developing economies work very differently Whereas developed economies have formal economies normally and you do studies and on Automation etc developing economies are to a high percentage Working in informality and makes it very difficult to make that kind of estimation The ILO has been working on the informal economy for decades And we don't see any diminishing of the informal economy in developed in developing economies on the contrary And now there is a new kid on the block called the gig economy that is not helping things Because we see an increase in non-standard form of employment in emerging and and developed economies as well That's for the I go for the second question on tools as well Okay, so there was another question on tools and how The organization works around these issues here and as I mentioned earlier you have as a UN organization we work in the framework of the SEG's obviously and as a normative organization we have conventions that we Advocate our member states to ratify Basically, and those are conventions that go from the most fundamental rights freedom of association abolition of forced labor things like that to more sort of Employment Creating if you have one on migrant workers we have Well, I think we have something like two hundreds and so and the latest that convention that we Adopted this year wasn't a violence and harassment at work So it's basically the improvement of working conditions in the labor market and then migrants obviously play a very important role there and my my colleague was telling me earlier that yes migrants are very much in that Violence and current in harassment convention named as well so the The ILO works through its normative framework, but it has also a technical operation arm That is quite strong and that deals with migrant issues through our migrant branch Like it has a fair and recruitment initiative that deals with issues of Recruitment practices and prevent human trafficking and reduce the cost of labor or migration We also have youth employment programs and our partners in many in many Initiatives around the world to foster Youth employment and to improve the the conditions of work of youth and the migrants alike and so and So the main thing that a migrant I was listening to the previous the previous discussion on the mental health issue of Migrant, I think they must be refugees not migrants. We do Separate them in the ILO you have refugees and you have migrants, but I don't know if if that's not the case here in any case and It is very The ILO says it's very important to secure the the future of this Of the migrants as well and social protection and social security are Paramount in this endeavor people that come to a country to work need to be made integrated into the economy and so we do sort of support agreements between host countries and countries of Destination by lateral agreements to increase social security and social protection but also multilateral agreements and those are those are extremely important normally to If if we are able to create them because nowadays Globalization seems to be happening at the regional level in the EU in like pockets whereas, you know ILO and the UN as International organizations we would like to extend rights Etc to the global community as such and To talk about Skills although I think my colleague here must be much better placed to do that I want to repeat the issue of lifelong learning and the The use of technologies to make it happen now Obviously, you're probably thinking how do you implement lifelong learning in in such an least developed countries? And in others like Singapore, it's already a fact These are aspirational goals. This is what the ILO recommends in the long term To re-skill and up-skill and to follow the person throughout his or her life and to facilitate skills Skills recognitions from the country that they were from origin to To the the next country and to the next because many migrants don't just stay in one country They go to several countries and it's an important thing to have To recognize those skills that are coming with the person. Yeah, and obviously then I Want to stop with saying that the ILO seizes the most important skills or many all skills are important, but There are three types of skills that are now very high in demand one is obviously digital and the other one is sort of more technical non-digital but Soft skills as I think it was mentioned previously It's also extremely important and the collaboration between then the educational system and the labor market sort of not only thinking at education as one and Job as one but as a continuum of the two So I would stop there and I would just want to encourage you to Go to our page or a page and and see further information on these issues And we have plenty of tools like on recruitment on migrant workers on Recognitions on prior skills, etc. That can be very useful in in your work. Thank you. Thank you, Maria Now we have another two questions for You Anna How can young people in the move better prepare themselves for a labor market to consistently Evolving due to technological innovations. This is the first one and the second one What are your recommendations for the government's education system to ensure youth enter the labor market with diverse and a recognized skill? I think something that you can just continue Yes, it's true. I completely agree that We are going to expect more jobs to be created so technology change doesn't mean that we will experience a Destruction of of the employment. So that's not what we see right now. And if you think about some jobs actually They didn't exist 10 years ago. So and for that reason, it's actually very difficult to foreseeing what skills people would need and advice young people to acquire those skills, but Looking at the historical data in Europe. We see that more and more on if you compare jobs that We're present at the labor market like 10 years ago and jobs that are present right now We see that more and more digital skills will be required. Of course Knowing that our jobs will require task to be performed together with robots It means that we need to learn how to communicate with robots. We need to communicate also with other colleagues. So we also recommend to Look at the area of Education of non-cognitive skills and by no con non-cognitive skills. I think the definition is could be quite Difficult to to understand but because non-cognitive skills that I will refer to they still require cognition to be used and by non-cognitive skills, I mean Skill of communicating skill of team working skill to Be more resilient be more adaptive to change and that's being adaptiveness change It's actually something that's would be really required as Maria said the speed of changes will will be really like Not it wasn't really observed so far on the labor market So we will really need to be very very adaptive to the changes on the labor market and changes that our employers will require from us And to be resilient for that we need to have those those skills and I think it's it would be especially important for For young people But also as I said more and more people work the other's Platform platforms like Uber and it's part of they are part of this geek economy And by getting involved in those activities. They need to be more entrepreneur so We developed a framework called enter enter comp, which is already used by many many education institutions to identify areas where Teachers can work with their students and develop this entrepreneur skills farther And we think about being entrepreneur not only as a person who is establishing a Business, it's more about acting upon opportunities and being creative So it's not only like a very economic Establishment it's about more generating social economic and cultural values So being more active also in the daily life I'm not sure if I could make any recommendations because my by representing GRC I'm not in a place to make any recommendations, but we look in certain areas relating to the education systems and when we see that whenever education systems are more involved in the In a cooperation with governments in cooperation with Local institutions and employers. I am those types of activities really are very fruitful to improve Chances of young people to enter the labor market more smoothly Also, we promote the lifelong learning approach and Why why we are promoting is the reason is obvious like Technology we interrupt and we'll keep interrupting our work So we will have to reskill and upskill constantly and we will have to learn Not only during the formal education but also Once we will enter the labor market and and start to start to work And we identified that online courses could be really helpful in this lifelong learning approach meaning that There are so many courses available online that are accessible from from any place of the word which is networks So it's really accessible and could be very efficient in providing of new skills So I think those Those things that I can mention and those points we could make to this topic Thank you lots of both for a brilliant presentation from both from the isle of perspective but not only I love perspective basically where the future of work is and also supported by the research done by Isis IRC gyrocy, sorry Can you tell us full name? Because this is what I joined research center Yeah, just not because there's too many abbreviations and things better to say the fool that nobody can actually made mistake and come to Your website now. I would like to invite you for a questions comments or Anything to anybody from the floor Yes, I cannot see the name, but I see please What are you trying to please go ahead? Thank you very much. I'm just wondering about the concept of Migration and refugees Have you ever find yourself that you cannot You cannot know if this is a refugees case or a migration Or any mixed cases like that. Thank you very much Well, I think it's more a question for the my colleague here But the recent issue of I mean the ILO says everybody has the same Rights basically it's social justice for all it doesn't say social justice for nationals No for all sir as such there is no difference But there is a there are legal questions behind that my or my people in transits, etc that Would need different approaches maybe I Have personally never encountered something that was unclear, but This is the why actually I'm a unit here actually working together on the field and as is probably all of here where we have the number of Consultative processes all around the world with diamond each year working hand-to-hand and in that sense Units here is working within their mandate and this is a refugee status determination and yes, they are also beside being guardian under 51 51 correction. They are also Working with a stateless and this is mandate of unit here And then when you come to the migrants then if you're coming towards I am and this is basically the two things When we come to the simple kind of explanation you're absolutely correct when you coming to the person that is across in the border You in many aspects you don't know actually who is standing in front of you And this is why our two agencies often together with the support of the civil sector working together on Profiling each individual case and seeing how to proceed further because Status with this mention is very important one But we have a two things one is the legal status and one is actually how does someone perceive him or herself We have another comment from Nepal or question, please First of all, I would like to thank IOM for organizing this important to the dialogue. I Comments all panelists for their wonderful presentations and Sharing views on this important topic This topic in my opinion is highly relevant in the face of challenges and complexities of Globalizations I just wanted to share my thoughts in this connections firstly Human-centered approach in every sectors of the world Should be at the core for addressing the techno induced labor market Secondly lifelong learning for all increasing investment in people's capabilities and Increasing investment in decent and sustainable work are most for dealing with the future world of work where Youth migrations also could secure that place thoroughly new forces are transforming the world of work Technological advancement is going to create new environment for work and Many jobs are going to extinct due to technology So we need to educate empower and effectively engage youth to face of Upcoming world of war in this regard findings of ILO report title work for brighter future prepared by global commissions on future of war are very important To cope up with the future challenges of decent and sustainable work. Thank you Thank you to the distinct dealing from Nepal. Do we have any other comments questions quick Comments or question no Then actually we can proceed if I'd like to thank you to the panelists and would like to invite Miss Jill Helke she's the director of the ICP department and national corporation and partners department in I am for closing remarks Thank you very much Good afternoon. I don't want to keep you from catching your planes or your evening plans But I would like to thank you all for staying to the end and for all the participation that you have been contributing throughout the two days and of course to all the panelists for their contributions I think the discussion has been very rich The session was a pop follow-up to the previous international dialogue on migration in New York a Dialogue that has really begun the dive below the surface of the deep complexities of the relationship between youth and migration and Challenged us to discuss several more facets of this topic. I Hope you will feel you understand better and perhaps have even been inspired by the presentations And we'll reflect on the knowledge and expertise shared by the speakers as The DG mentioned in his opening remarks. I am wants to listen learn and act on these discussions We're committed to following up on various recommendations and good examples and build effective partnerships with the different actors Who've been identified during the course of this dialogue? I? Can't do justice at all to what has come up during the course of these two days But here are a few highlighted takeaways Young people are not strategically important only because of the percentage in the world Population but also because of how much they can contribute Empowering youth is an investment for creating foundations for stronger future generations Youth have a key role to play in sustainable development And this can be enhanced through ensuring their access to capacity building knowledge technology and training Technology is an important tool for young migrants a tool that gives us a chance to produce Verifiable data through the combination of apps social media and one-window approach It's essential that verifiable data can be analyzed without bureaucracy Partnering with local authorities and private sector is key for this to become more possible Unheard stories Successful migrant voices are needed, but we also need to listen to the ones who did not succeed The ones who didn't make it through migration, but returned home and what happened to them Young diaspora contribute to their countries of origin transit and destination Economically through in written sis through the transfer of knowledge and skills by connecting people and resources But also through the movement of cultures which helps to break negative and harmful stereotypes We need comprehensive solutions for the engagement of diaspora Which should include policy changes such as on the right to vote and the right to nationality and appropriate programs for integration and exchange of experiences between diaspora and their countries of origin It's necessary to build capacity for better collection of data and statistics To assess the needs and potential contributions of diaspora populations To establish the right means of communication with them and to provide an enabling environment for them to be properly engaged In the African context we need to start building a new narrative and perception of African migration There's a need for a more nuanced and fact-based debate on the migration flows And we think the African migration report will be an important tool in this regard One of the conclusions of the report which deserves attention is that while Women constitute almost half of the total migrating within Africa Women mostly stay relatively close to home. Whereas it is the men who travel furthest afield Education is a powerful tool for youth integration Programs like tandem which bring local and newcomers together in universities should be replicated in other areas aiming at providing better support and integration to young migrants Environmental changes affect everyone, but some groups are affected disproportionately including youth Youth has to be given a role in disaster risk reduction Has to be included in policy discussions and processes having the chance of meaningful participation As highlighted by our speakers youth are already making a difference in building resilience and making strong calls to be heard We need to be better at identifying the fears that disable young migrants and reduce the mental stress for them Including through more support and faster administrative processes We need to look at work In the big picture the conditions of work for young people as a whole and taking into account technology and demographic trends and Have a lifelong learning approach The recommendations made by speakers over these two days and Participants over these two days have demonstrated that young migrants have unique needs that can only be addressed through the active participation and cooperation of all relevant stakeholders in The coming days a longer summary of the dialogue will be made available and a comprehensive report of this dialogue and the previous one in New York Will be released I Would like to thank once again all speakers and participants for the thoughtful contributions to this session We hope this provided an opportunity to reflect on the complexities of youth migration and Will have emboldened you to take action to address the needs of young migrants in your respective countries communities and spheres of influence as We begin preparations for the IDM in 2020 we would welcome your feedback and suggestions on themes to explore and we look forward to seeing you at future IDMs in closing I would like to invite you to give our panelists and yourselves a round of applause and I wish you safe return Thank you. I would also like to thank The organizing team from IOM who put all this together and kept it going and I'd like to thank the interpreters For also staying the course. Thank you