 This study investigated the clinical and molecular characteristics of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, LUAD. It found that somatic mutations in both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes were present in LUAD and detected these mutations in circulating free DNA, CFDNA, had good diagnostic performance. Additionally, it discovered that detecting mutations in the mitochondrion could be more effective than other methods at diagnosing early-stage LUAD. This article was offered by Ichu and Shu, Yongyang, Ichao Wang, and others.