 This study investigates the potential of extracting cellulose from rice straw and converting it into cellulose nanofibers, CNFs, for use in smart delivery systems for fertilizer applications. Alkalai, steam explosion, and organosolve treatments were explored for cellulose extraction efficiency. The resulting CNFs had a smooth fibroly structure, increased crystallinity, an average diameter of 37.4 nanometers, and a surface charge of 25.2 mV. These properties make CNFs suitable for holding fertilizers, providing a value-added use for rice straw that could replace harmful practices. This article was authored by Nihar Sharma, Benjamin Janes Allardice, Rangam Rajua, and others.