 And thank you for inviting me to be in the team for this FAO meetings. So I have been in the meeting for, this is the third time, and it is very, very much my pleasure to be here. So I will start with the sole action plan, the background of the sole action plan. And the last time we met in Seoul, Korea, it was in on 15 September 2017. We came out with the sole action plan, which had the aims of the expanding awareness of the benefits that urban forest and trees provide to communities throughout the Asia Pacific region to sustain and foster the growth of urban forest and trees as key contributors to resilient cities, to support the local and national decision makers in planning, designing, and managing their green capital to provide guidance on the key action to be taken more more sustainable urban development. So that was the gist of the aims of sole action plan. And Simone has explained a bit about this on the first day. So it was the result of our urban forestry meeting in Seoul, which was a follow-up on the recommendation included in Suhae's discussion in China in 2016. So more information you can gain from the link that was shown below. And when we talk about urban forestry, we always talk about the benefits. So we will look from various publications. And this one is actually from the FAO website. It's that research shows that urban forest increase the quality of urban living by increasing the resistive severe weather event. Trees remove pollutant from the air and cool the urban environment. So this is actually some of the subjects that we will be addressing in these safer cities. So urban trees increase soil stability and improve availability of water. There is an example of the roadside jamun trees that can produce up to 500 tons of fruit per year. And there is a 10% increase in urban green space which can postpone on set of health problem by up to five years. So this is from previous studies. And the end is the prevalence of obesity among children living in areas we put excess to green space. It's reduced by roughly 10 to 20% compared to urban areas where children have limited or no excess to green space. So that is the general benefit of urban forest. So in this goal of selection plan, there were eight goals that was identified based on the set of guiding principle. And one is the greenest cities, cleaner cities, cooler cities, healthier cities, more inclusive cities, more biodiversity cities. All six we have discussed in the previous discussion. And today we are going to discuss about the wealthiest cities. And I am responsible now to moderate on the safer cities team. So I would be focusing very much about increasing resilience to extreme weather events, flooding events, stormwater runoff, land and landscape degradation, but not just on that. I will also touch on the sociological aspect. When we say that urban forest contribute to a safer city, what do we mean by a safe city? So in Malaysia, there is our department of town and country planning in the state of Selangor that define the city as safe is that a city free from all physical, social and mental threats. The environment always in the state of most conserved does not generate and most fear that we'll encourage incident that threaten local property prosperity. So for the purpose of today's theme, I will try to focus in what we mean by safe city, something like this. And we talk about, when we talk about safer cities, we talked about the function of urban forest. So there are five functions that I would highlight in this presentation, which one is adaptation and mitigation of climate change. Second one is the water management. Three is the provision or acting as natural biological filters to air pollution and dust. The fourth one is the provision of safe and affordable areas for nature experience. So most of the references that we see will talk about climate change, water management, and maybe air filters. But I do believe that the sociological aspect of being safe is also very important. So I would like to address that a little bit more in this presentation. So when we have this provision of safe area, it is also going to be mentally satisfying for the people living in the cities. And the last one, we talk about safe areas for humans, but we also should talk about safe areas for wildlife, plants, and ecosystem or biodiversity. So when we say that we have urban forest, we should also provide a safe haven for wildlife, threatened plants, and ecosystems. And now I think this is a very popular diagram that has been shown about how we can contribute towards the sustainable goals, SDGs, sustainable urban goals. And then we talk about the first function that I mentioned was adaptation and mitigation of climate change. So why do we say that urban forest can contribute towards mitigation of climate change? The reason is that it captures and store atmospheric carbon that was site during photosynthesis. It also influences needs for heating and cooling building. There is an example that calculation has been made for the United States, in the Contiguous United States, which means the 48 states. Urban tree store over 708 million tons of carbon, which is about 12.6% of the carbon dioxide emission in the United States, and capture 28.2 million tons of carbon or annual emission is 0.05% per year. So that is the contribution of the plants that they have in that. So carbon sequestration is 2 billion per year with a total current carbon storage value of over 50 billion. So there is a lot of, we have to think about when we do this calculation as well, but I think many countries are going towards this. So there's the shedding and reduction of wind speed that provides shedding. Can I check if you guys can hear me or not? Yes, we can hear you. Don't worry, go ahead. You can hear me. I think my microphone is gone off. No, it's fine, we can hear you. Okay, so if you look at the chart on the right, we see that if we talk about adaptation and mitigation or climate change, we will be addressing number 13, sustainable development goal, number 13 climate action. And I think if we talk about storm water and all, we would also be talking about life below water. So with urban forest around us, we are able to ameliorate climate change and to control a water that is not healthy for the life below water. So to me, we are addressing two sustainable goals if we talk about adaptation and mitigation of climate change or storm management. Okay, so there are many references, many studies has been done for this. I will not go through all of them, but if you look at the keywords, there is a solar radiation. There are studies in solar radiation, gray and denicay is like our main textbook for urban forestry. We now have more, but this is like, well, anyway, my base, which is like many, many moons ago. And now the urban heat island effect is very much the topics of research in many areas. So a lot of them is compiled in Cochinandide 2013. And even in Malaysia, some studies has been done on UHI, where it was recommended that effectiveness of small city parks can be made as strategies to reduce Kuala Lumpur heat island effect. And city surfaces and other materials that absorb solar radiation has been studied by nowhere. This is, by the way, all the big names in urban forestry. And I think they're very well known in this area. Actually, Steven, I actually studied on urban forest and ecosystem services, the impacts on urban water, heat and pollution cycles of three street and city scale. And now we also have studies done on simulated potential of heat island. And it was found that annual energy from solar refractive roof at 20% shade, 30% wind shielding of trees, 37% and ambient cooling by trees and reflective services 12%. In Malaysia, Charude has studied on urban heat island and found that parks are sought after as the three shade provides comfortable condition from direct solar radiation. That is very much understandable as Malaysia is a very warm country. And finally, there is also a lot of studies in China, including the soil carbon pool of forest ecosystem in low subtropical China. So these references, by the way, can be found in FAO 2016. Okay. Now we look at the second function, which is the water management function, excuse me. So we have found that water quality improved with the existence of vegetation, rainfall impact reduced and salt erosion prevented from entering the waterways, thus reducing storm water runoff and the risk of flood and that threat on the water. In areas that are not paved, water can be absorbed and surface runoff reduced. So we have as our panel member today, our panel session during the webinar, Dr. Zuki Pli Yusok, who is from University of Technology Malaysia. So we will hear more about this. Vegetation has many engineering users, which also include water management. So this, when we look at again at our diagram of southern water development goals, we see that number six is very much in there. So having an urban forest will help us achieve clean water and sanitation. We talk about flooding and again, life below water that I mentioned before. So I try to relate to as much as students as they just because I like the diagram is very colorful. So we see that this is the function that is always associated with benefits of urban forest. The function number three is the natural biological filters to air pollution and dust. So we have, we know a lot from a lot of previous studies that plants can absorb in organic and organic gases. So some of the pollutants that they can absorb is ozone, nitrogen oxide, ammonia and sulfur dioxide. So they have been studies even by free research in Malaysia. So there are filter particulate matter like dust, micro size metal and other pollutants that can also be absorbed by lead, but it also depends on the type of leaves. So plants can absorb 80% up to 80% of ozone gas and they can absorb all this and polluting gases like I mentioned above. So in one year it's been said that mature trees can provide enough oxygen for 18 people. This is from three people in 2016, but I do believe this is actually depending on the type of plants that we are talking about. And trees aid in the removal of airborne particulates such as sun, dust, ash, pollen and smoke to an area. Research on forest effects on egg quality and human health in the United States found that trees removed 17.4 million tons of air pollution with human health effects valued at 6.8 billion US dollars. Again, David Noah was the one who was studying this. And in Korea there was a study on ecosystem function as a basis open forest for egg quality beside water supply. The study was conducted to convince the policymaker that in the case of air purification and air pollution absorption capacity, the ecosystem services could be related to social condition as well as environmental issues. So this is a good tool for us to convince politicians for conservation or for establishment of urban forest. And number four, I will go towards the sociological aspect that urban forest provides safe and affordable areas for nature experience. Why do I say that? Because nature is very important in the development of our mental health as well as we always talk about going back to nature as something that is innate in our spirit. And not everybody can afford to go to a forest to a real national, for example, a national forest that is quite remote. And maybe it's not because of economy but because of access and because of physical ability. For example, for elderly people and for very young people, urban forest can become an area where nature education can be conducted and being in nature is something that can connect us to our culture. So urban forest is contributing with physical and well-being. So not only just for exercising but also being in the areas where it's natural. For example, in the eastern world, we are very familiar with Tai Chi or Chi Kong, which is about getting the positive energy from nature. But there are also studies being done such as on recovery rate in hospital and recovery centers showing that reduced stress in the presence of nature. So we all need this in this very busy world. And we have a lot of online meetings like four meetings in a day. And I think you do need to go out once in a while and urban forest give us that opportunity to recreate. And we look at other studies as well. In Japan, for example, a bathing trip once a month would enable individuals to maintain natural killer activities. So there are some studies on that walkable green space positively influenced the longevity of urban senior citizen by Takano. And there is also studies on children 5 to 18 years old with attention deficit or hyperactivity disorder found reducing the presence of greenery. So these are some of the studies that try to show how urban forest or any forest for that matter is good for our mental health. But like I mentioned, not everyone can go to the real remote forest. So urban forest gives us this opportunity. And if you look at the diagram again on the SDGs, providing safe and affordable areas for nature experience is actually addressing goal number three, good health and well being and 11 sustainable cities and communities. So this is very important in the development of a nation. And again, like I mentioned, everyone have these needs of escapism that is we cannot be living in the concrete jungle for all of our time. But some people can, but I don't think it's very healthy for their mental. So this escapism is something that we need so that we can guess where the word recreate come from. That's the word where recreation can come from is that we have to more or less like looking into our self and recreate our positive values and our innate values. So in this sense, if we have an urban forest, it is more accessible, it is more affordable, and it is safer. And for example, in this is picture taken in Malaysia, there is a lot of exercise that is being conducted in a group. For example, it's very organized. For example, there is this dancing or there is tai chi or chi gong, like I mentioned. So it's also served for social interaction for specific communities due to the use of common space. And it brings significance to cultural heritage. So some of these right papers discuss a little bit more detail about this. And physical and mental health who would not would like to be outdoor if you have the choice. And in the cooling water, like I said, especially in our tropical region, it is very warm and people come to recreate in very shady areas. So trees provide a good area for this kind of activities. And we say the environment always is the state or most conserved. This is I'm recalling the definition by the Town and Country Planning Department, which is the environment always in a state or most conserved does not generate an atmosphere that will encourage incident that create the local prosperity. So to me, health is wealth. So when we talk about prosperity, we also look at mental health and physical health. Okay, and I did say that when we have an area in the urban areas, it is more accessible and safer for people who is elderly or for people who are young and who cannot be traveling or cannot have the capacity or to go to a very remote area. So it is a safe place to explore and to talk to get nature into our system. So then number five. So this is the last function that I'm talking about. This is the provision of safe areas for the biodiversity conservation, wildlife, plants and ecosystems. When we talk about biodiversity, we talk about wildlife, we talk about plants and we talk about ecosystems. So there are certain areas that are shown, for example, wetland ecosystem, which is very important as flood mitigation area. And there is also educational elements that can be conducted in that kind of area. So there are places that we should be setting aside, live it in nature and see what animals will be there and what plants can try to do in the area. And environmental education is very important. So this is some of the things that we have done. Singapore has very good environmental education programs. And in Malaysia, in the frame as well, we have our target young children to go into the forest to teach them about the ecosystem and our heritage of natural forests. Okay, so when we do this, I see that we are addressing all these sustainable development goals. For example, number three is now good health and well-being. So this is a summary of all the five functions. We are looking at sustainable cities and communities, which is school number 11. We are looking at climate action, which was addressed by the immigration capacity of urban forest. And life below water, when we talk about clean water on land, it also means that life below water will be safer. And we were talking about life on land when we talk about biodiversity. I missed a circle on number six as well, clean water and sanitation. Because I can show an example in Thailand, which shows that how clean water and sanitation is important in Bangkok. So there are some examples that I would like to show towards the end of my PowerPoint presentation. It's some examples from our neighboring countries, our Malaysian neighboring countries. So for example, this is Singapore. Singapore is very well known, not only about creating green areas, but also for preserving what is already there, like the Sung Aibulo but park and the other Jurong but park and Sung Aibulo forest reserve, which is I think very exemplary. And they have green connectors, they're connecting their green areas, which is very good to use not only for human, but also for nature to go from one place to another. And that is Singapore. And I think we have heard a few presentation with regard to Singapore. And it is one of the countries that we all should try to get an example from. Okay. And this is another example. This is the picture that is of Ms. Kochakorn Vorakon. She originally I would like to ask her to be in our panel of discussion, but unfortunately she is not able to come. But it is very interesting what she did. She's a landscape architect. She designed urban space with climate in mind and due to flooding and a lot of water related problems in Bangkok. So she and her colleague designed park that actually can collect water. If you look at the top most on the right, on my right, that is you see how the water is collected and at certain time the bottom part will be flooded and that water is safe. And it can also be used for fun by children for recreation. So the park is designed in such a way that it would not, it would not waste what she said, a single drop of water. And this is kind of innovations that I think should come in urban forestry to maximize the benefits that urban forest can bring to people. So you look at that, I just like to put that in industry innovation and infrastructure. So I think if you come up with this urban forest can also be an innovative, innovative X that we can be proud of. Okay, now back to my own country in Malaysia. So I would like to put the example of Trajaya Administrative Center or the Federal Government of Malaysia. And we have presented this presentation in New Delhi in 2002, a long time ago, but I'm borrowing this PowerPoint to explain about the concept of how Trajaya was conceived. So the idea was moved in middle 1980. So it was quite early launch on October 8 1997. And at the moment, the population is about 100,000 people. And it is known as the garden city or smart city with 39% open space. So if you look at the at the table, then you can see that open space and recreation takes about 1,930 hectares, 30 hectares of the total area. Sorry to jump in. Your time is up if you could try and wrap up. Thank you. Sorry to interrupt. Yeah, give me two minutes. So this is an example of how Trajaya is well designed. So it is also a design with 11 parks at the moment, and from the Botanical Garden to a forest to a park. And this is how it looks like. And there you see a lot of water there. But what is it is the put Trajaya eco hydrological operational site. So this is something that is different. It is UNESCO international hydrological program. And I think it is very some it is something that we are very proud of. And we also do the inventory for the trees, which will allow for calculation of carbon stock in emulation of climate change. Okay, so this is my last slide. So I'm just introducing the four panel speakers here. But we will hear more from them. So we will talk about urban hydrology. We will talk about climate emulation. We also talk about social social values. And we also talk about store management. So with that, I thank you.