 In summary, our study found that performance-based financing, PBF, alone was not enough to improve equity in maternal health care in Burkina Faso. However, when combined with equity measures, PBF produced some improvements in equity, but these were limited to certain outcomes and did not benefit the poorest 20% of the population. Therefore, we recommend further research into more innovative and context-sensitive measures to ensure adequate access to care for the poorest populations.