 The use of electronic communication technology has led to an increase in electromagnetic radiation pollution. Metal matrix EMI shielding materials have drawbacks such as high density, corrosion, and difficulty in processing. Polymer matrix EMI shielding composites offer advantages like lightweight, corrosion resistance, and ease of processing, but they lack electrical conductivity and poor EMI shielding performance. This review discusses the key concepts, mechanisms, and testing methods of EMI shielding then summarizes the current state of EMI shielding materials focusing on polymer matrix composites with various structures. The authors propose solutions to the challenges faced by these composites and outline future directions for research. This article was authored by Chowaliang, Jujigu, Yollijang, and others.