 Biopolymeric nanoparticles, BPN, are polymers derived from renewable or non-renewable sources which are biocompatible, biodegradable, low toxicity and immunogenicity. These particles have gained widespread interest in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, imaging and cancer therapy. BPN can be synthesized through various fabrication methods including emulsification, ionic gelation, nanoprecipitation, electrospray drying and more. The main goal of this review is to explore the potential of biopolymeric nanoparticles for medical applications. Proteins, polysaccharides and synthetics are all types of biopolymers that have been used in recent years for medical purposes. Additionally, the fabrication techniques of each type of BPN are discussed. Finally, the future prospects and challenges of employing biopolymeric nanoparticles are explored. This article was authored by Radhakrishnan Sreena and Arputharaj Joseph Nathaniel.