 Good morning, and welcome to this week's edition of Encompass Live. I am your host Krista Burns at the Nebraska Library Commission. Encompass Live is the commission's weekly online event, but we cover any sort of activities that may be of interest to Nebraska librarians. We do, we have guest speakers that come in sometimes, and we have our own staff as we have today doing sessions, so we have Mr. We do these sessions every Wednesday morning at 10 a.m. central time, the last about an hour or however long it takes, and they are free. And we also record each of our sessions, so if you aren't able to attend one of our live sessions here at 10 a.m. on Wednesdays, you can always go back and watch any of the recordings you've done over the last two years. We do a mixture of things for our Encompass Live. We have interviews with people, book reviews, mini-training sessions about things, anything that we think, as I said, would be of interest. And this morning, we actually have our cataloging librarian here at the Library Commission, Emily Nimsikan, who's going to talk to us all about using Ferber for cataloging. Great. Thanks, Krista. And I'll pass over control to you. Excellent. And thank you all for attending. It looks like we have a pretty big crowd here today, which is excellent. I think that Ferber is kind of a hot topic these days. I assume that most people are – actually, I think I can say pretty well for sure that most people are interested in Ferber because of its relationship to RDA, Resource Description and Access, the new cataloging rules that are currently being tested. I'm going to spend a little bit of time today talking explicitly about Ferber's relationship to RDA, but I'm not going to spend too much time on that because I really wanted to talk about Ferber itself and really give it the attention it deserves. Every time I do a training session on RDA, I talk a little bit about Ferber, but I feel like I'm kind of glossing over it, and I think it has some merits in its own right. And I also want to spend some time talking about Ferberized, so-called resources, where some of these principles are put into action because I think that's important for people to see resources using Ferber and what this theory looks like when it's in use. I remember when Ferber first came out, it was the big thing, and everyone was talking about it and learning about it, but now that RDA has kind of overshadowed it. Yeah, exactly. Because it's the newest thing that everyone is panicking about figuring out how to use it. Right. So yeah, I think it deserves some of its own spotlight for Ferber, so that's what we're going to focus on today for the space firm. There you go. Okay, so just the very, very basics. What is Ferber? Well, first of all, I'll start out by saying what the acronym stands for, and that's Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records. Some people will just refer to it as FRBR, some people pronounce it as Ferber. And here's a very basic definition of Ferber. This comes from Wikipedia. The conceptual entity relationship model that relates user tasks of retrieval and access in online library catalogs and bibliographic databases from a user perspective. I know that's still probably not extremely clear, so we're going to break that down into a couple of different sections and look at different components of that definition. First one is a conceptual model. Ferber is a conceptual model, so what does that mean? Basically, it's an abstract way of thinking about a particular topic. In this case, library catalogs and how we organize our resources so that our users can find them. It's not cataloging rules. It doesn't tell you exactly what to transcribe or what information we're showing to our users, but it sort of is one level up from that in terms of abstractness, I guess. And so this is kind of a weird concept for people to wrap their brains around. Sometimes we're used to thinking of much more concrete things, ACR2 cataloging rules. I don't think that the idea of a conceptual model is completely foreign to cataloging. I think you can sort of think about it in terms of things like cutters, objects for cataloging, that our users should be able to find things if you search by author, title, or subject. We have sort of these underlying principles under our cataloging rules already, and Ferber kind of makes them explicit. It's not a perfect analogy to compare cutters, objects to Ferber because cutters can be summed up very succinctly, and the Ferber document is like 140 pages, I think. So perhaps a conceptual model is a little bit more complicated than some of the sort of abstract ways we've thought about our catalogs in the past. But I don't think it's an entirely unfamiliar concept that underneath our rules there are bigger concepts at play. So I'm going to start with a history of Ferber, and it's not actually as old as this photograph. Ferber grew out of a seminar on bibliographic records held in Stockholm in 1990. So I guess about 20 years old, or at least the very seeds of Ferber are about 20 years old. At this seminar, a resolution was passed that a study be commissioned to define the functional requirements for bibliographic records in relation to the variety of user needs and the variety of media that we find in our catalogs. And so you can see right there I've highlighted the term functional requirements for bibliographic records. This is where that grew out of. So after this seminar, a group was formed in 1991 under the auspices of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, or IFLA, and they were the ones who were going to carry out the study and define these functional requirements for our bibliographic records. And it took a while. The report was approved in 1998, or 1997, and published in 1998. As you can find out about those, and that goes for any of the links I have in my presentation here. Like I said, I think it's 140, 150 pages, something like that. But it is all available freely online. Just one last thing I wanted to say while we're still talking about the idea of conceptual models is that there are two other kind of complementary related models that go along with Ferber. The functional requirements for authority data, or FRAD, obviously, Ferber deals with our bibliographic records in our catalogs, and FRAD deals with the authority records, the information about the authority records in our catalog. There's also a really new model. I think it was just approved this year, functional requirements for subject authority data. And that one doesn't have quite as catchy of a pronounceable acronym. I don't think anybody says FRAD or anything, but it's out there, and it will be incorporated into RDA as well, and that obviously deals with subject headings and subject data in our catalogs. Why has that one took this long to do? I know, exactly. I would have thought that would be a very important one to get out there. Yeah, I kind of thought they would be all working on them simultaneously or something, but who knows where these decisions are made. Ifla works in mysterious ways, I guess, but it is out there. It's brand new, and so be aware of that as well. So I'm going to go back to our Wikipedia definition, our Ferber here, and highlight another phrase, and that is that we're thinking about our catalogs from a user's perspective. And that is one of the big things to take away from learning about Ferber, that this is all supposed to be oriented around how users interact with our catalogs. And so there are things in Ferber called user tasks, and this is an acronym you'll see pretty often when you read things about Ferber, F-I-S-O, that stands for Find, Identify, Select, and Obtain. And according to the Ferber model, these are the things that our users want to do with our catalogs. So I'll go into a little bit more detail about each of these, these are the definitions from Ferber. Users want to find entities that correspond to their search criteria. So here's a screenshot of the search I did in our neighbor Lincoln City Libraries catalog for Abraham Lincoln Vampire Hunter. And these are the search results. I put in a search and I found these results. But users also want to be able to identify which of these results will work for their needs. As you can tell, not all these results are actually for the book Abraham Lincoln Vampire Hunter. So I've highlighted with red arrows the three ones that are. So I've identified those as the resources that I want. And then you want to be able to take it one step further and select the entity that's appropriate to your needs. You can see I've zoomed in on some of these results. The top one is the print version of the resource. There's also the downloadable audio book and there's the comeback disk audio book version. So I would say these attributes kind of the physical format is one thing that would come into play when a user is selecting which one they want. And the last one is to acquire or obtain access to the actual resource. And so, you know, the information about which of the branches at Lincoln City Library hold this book that I'm interested in would allow me to obtain that book. So there's one last phrase that I want to highlight again from this basic definition. And that's the fact that Ferber is an entity relationship model. And an entity relationship model kind of comes from data processing, data modeling world. It's a way of thinking about information and how things relate to each other. And obviously, one of the main components of an entity relationship model is entities. And so entities can be defined as things which are recognized as being capable of an independent existence. So basically things that could be uniquely identified. So a person could be an entity, a thing, you know, even an abstract concept. A lot of can be an entity. It's just the things that you want to identify with your particular entity relationship model. And so you can tell from the name that entities and relationships are obviously important in entity relationship models. But entities also have attributes. That's another important component of these models. And attributes modify entities. You can kind of think about it like as adjectives are to nouns, attributes are to entities. They tell you things about the entities, you know, in terms of our catalogs. The attributes of some of our entities would be, you know, title of a book, you know, things like that. And these same entities with their attributes also have relationships. And basically these are those links between entities, the way that they relate to each other. So, you know, the relationship between a book and its author would be that the book is created by the author. So is created by the relationship in that instance. And in Furber there are three groups of entities. Groups one, group two, and group three. Very basic names here. Which I give it simple, I guess, but it can also kind of get confusing when you're thinking about which groups we're going to talk about. So I'm going to go into these in a bit more detail. And I'll focus pretty intensely on the group one entities because I think those are kind of the most unusual entities. The ones that people who are not familiar with the library world kind of have a hard time wrapping their heads around. The group two and group three entities are terminology we already know, but the terminology for group one entities is a little unfamiliar. So the group one entities are defined as products of intellectual or artistic endeavor. Basically the things represented by our catalog records, books, pieces of music, DVDs, things like that. And here's another acronym that you'll see very often when thinking about Furber, W-E-M-I, or WEMI, WEMI, I think it's pronounced sometimes. But the four group one entities are work, expression, manifestation, and item. And these are four different ways of things that are represented by the records in our catalogs. The first one, the work, is defined as a distinct intellectual or artistic creation. And this is a very abstract idea. It's not represented in physical form. It's, you know, you could say if the idea of the Great Gatsby as it existed in Eskott Fitzgerald's head is a work, but it's not represented in anything that you can refer to physically. The expression gets a little bit more specific. It's a specific intellectual or artistic form that a work takes. We say that works are realized through expressions. It's still kind of an abstract concept. It doesn't refer to a particular physical thing you can point at. But the example I often hear given of different expressions is translations. So the Great Gatsby in English would be one expression, but if it was translated into Spanish or German, then that would be a different expression. So then when we get to the manifestation, that is the first time we're actually talking about physical objects. The expression is embodied in a manifestation. It's the physical embodiment of an expression of a work. And another way that I've heard it defined is a manifestation is a representation of a set of items with the same physical characteristics. So you could probably think of a particular edition of a book as being a manifestation. I don't know, Scribner edition of the Great Gatsby is one manifestation. And I sort of tried to illustrate that with this image here. You can see there's various groups of books on the shelf. And you can tell that the ones next to each other look the same. There's multiple copies of the same manifestation there. And I always like to point out that really probably the bulk of the information that we're used to working with in our catalog records refers to the manifestation. A lot of things we're describing don't talk about one particular physical item. We don't talk about all the same copies of that manifestation. And so I think a lot of what we work with is manifestation information. And the last group one entity is the item. And this is where we're getting down to talking about one particular physical copy. It's the single example of a manifestation. So if you can hold it in your hand. I know I always hear people say you can use it as a doorstop. It's an item. But you know, obviously it doesn't apply as well when we're talking about electronic items. The whole thing doesn't. But there is still the concept of an item when you're dealing with electronic. But it's one particular example of a manifestation. So as I mentioned in entity relationship models, entities all have attributes that tell us things about them. And Berber is no exception. The group one entities all have attributes. And I'm just giving kind of a brief example of each here. These are by no means all the attributes that go with each group one entity. But the title of a work is one that goes with the work. What we think of is like a uniform title that ties together different possible publications of the same work. As I mentioned before, the language is something that determines an expression. So the language is definitely an attribute of expressions. The dimensions of a particular edition of a book could be an attribute of the manifestation. And then when we get to the item, remember we're talking about one particular physical item. So if you have a copy in your library that has an inscription assigned by the author or something, then that could be an attribute of an item. So that is a group one entity. And like I said, I'm going into a bit more detail about them than the other ones because the terminology is so different. But the group two entities should look a little more familiar. And these entities are responsible for the production of the group one entities. They're the creators of these products of intellectual work. They're authors, composers, illustrators, publishers, corporate bodies fall into this. So publishers make this available. They may not be responsible for the intellectual content, but they're responsible for producing it and making it available. And yes, that center photo is a Lego F. Scott Fitzgerald. Is that it? Okay. I found that a flicker and I couldn't resist. There weren't very many good author photos out there. They're probably all in her copyright and stuff. There are two group two entities, person and corporate body. And in some previous training I've done on Ferber and RDA, I've also put the entity of family in there. And while I was putting this presentation together, I realized that that was kind of a misstep. Technically in Ferber family is not a group two entity, but it is included in RDA. They decided that families can be creators of things. I think that's kind of a nod to the archival community who often has papers produced by particular families and things like that. It may be a slight change to Ferber that they've made for RDA, but strictly according to the Ferber model, there are only two types of group two entities, persons and corporate bodies. So there can be some changes that can be done to this base, but now that RDA is getting out there and being used... Yeah, I think that's an important thing to keep in mind. People interpret Ferber in a lot of different ways. It's not perfect. People are finding out that it doesn't necessarily describe everything that we want to describe in our bibliographic universe. So like I said, it's been updated several times since 1998. So yeah, that's a good point. It can be changed or interpreted differently. It's a good solid resource, but it's not totally in stone. Right. It is good. And so these group two entities have attributes as well. I pulled out a couple of examples. One thing that you might think of as an attribute of a person is the dates associated with this person. Corporate birth and death dates, things like that. Corporate bodies have attributes as well. The place where a corporate body is located is a good example of an attribute of a corporate body. And then we have the group three entities. And these things are the subjects of the group two entities, the things that our resources are about. And so this can be almost anything. There's my type of places. I have an animal up there. It can be events like World War II. Actually, here's the whole list of group three entities. Concepts, objects, places and events. And the group one entities and the group two entities can also be treated as group three entities because obviously you can have a work that is about another work or you can have a work that is about a person or a corporate body. So the group one entities and the group two entities can also be treated as subject entities, as these group three entities. And I've said in the other slides that I was just showing examples of attributes. For this one, they literally, according to Ferber, only do have one attribute. All the concept, all the attributes for the group three entities are a term for the concept or a term for the place. And basically what they mean by the word term is you can think of it like the authorized heading for a particular subject concept. And so I assume that these attributes are something that will be more fully fleshed out in the functional requirements of the subject authority data. That separate model probably goes into more details. But right now as far as Ferber concerned, we just focus on a concept that's represented by a particular term. An object that's represented by a particular term. Those terms are the attributes. And so we're still talking about entity relationships models here. So just to sort of address the other aspect is that obviously there must be relationships between these entities that we're talking about in Ferber. And there can be relationships between entities in the same group. So this is a pretty classic diagram of the relationship between the group one entities. A work is realized through an expression. An expression is embodied in a manifestation. And the manifestation is exemplified by an item. And you can see from the arrows on the end of these that some of these are one to many relationships. A work can be realized through many different expressions, but each expression is only realizing one work. So the arrow goes in one arrow in one direction, but other arrows, multiple arrows in the other direction. You'll also notice there's a little recursive arrow up there on the work box because works can refer to other works. And there are many different types of relationship works can have. For example, they could be based on another work. You know, West Side Story is based on Romeo and Juliet. So they can have relationships like that. And then there are relationships between entities in different groups because a little bit more complex diagram. You can see most of the arrows relating between the groups. For example, a work can have as a subject a group three entity. So there is an arrow going all the way down to the bottom to the group three entities. Or a work is created by a group two entity. So a person could be the creator of a work. Or for example, a manifestation could be produced by a covered body, which is a group two entities. So there's different ways of thinking about the various group one entities and how they relate to entities in other groups. I can see why people can be confused by it. Yes, it is. It looks kind of overwhelming. So now I'm going to try and put it in some more practical terms. That was the big scary theory. So basically I want to start talking about some of the questions I have up here on this slide. How is this different from what we've been doing? Is it different? Does Ferber really make a difference? And my answer to that is kind of yes and no. And I don't mean that as a cop out, I promise. To a certain extent, you know, Ferber just sort of makes more concrete things that we already know, things that we've already been doing in our cataloging. I think, you know, we all know that we can kind of see that works and expressions and manifestations and items exist. We don't necessarily think about it that way, but, you know, they all kind of fall under the catch-all. When we talk about a book, it could mean different things. When you say I cataloged that book, you could probably be talking about the manifestation because you cataloged one edition that you have multiple copies of in your library. But if you say I let my friend that book, you could be talking about one particular item that you let your friend borrow. But if somebody says to you, have you read The Great Gatsby? You say, yes, I've read that book. I mean, that's a more abstract level. You're not saying, yes, I read the Scribner edition of that book. So these concepts, you know, we use them. We're just kind of maybe defying things more concretely, you know, really making this thing explicit. So in that way, I don't think you necessarily change those things that much. It just sort of helps us in thinking about it. What I do think does kind of make a difference is the idea of relationships and they exist, but Ferber goes a long way towards making them more explicit in the way we think about it. And I think it could really open the door to creating catalogs that link these relationships in a more useful way maybe. I think that's part of what RDA is trying to do. And I don't know if it totally accomplishes it as well as the original intention was. There's a whole lot of things that get complicated with the rules and our encoding formats and, you know, various things. But I think that Ferber really can make a difference by just making us think about the relationships between the resources in our catalog. And that goes back to the original thing about it's for the user. Right, exactly. We want to make sure that we're making these relationships explicit so that our users can find things that they want. I just want to throw some data at you here really quick. I looked around, trying to see. I knew I'd come across the information somewhere that OCLC had done some research about Ferber and how it relates to the resources they have in Worldcat, the records they have in Worldcat. And the most recent thing I could find is from 2006. If anybody knows of any more recent numbers on this, I'd definitely be interested in hearing them. But as of 2006, for the records in Worldcat represented, 87% of them represented works with only one manifestation. 12% were works with two to five manifestations. And only 1% were works with more than five manifestations. Which looking at that, you might think, well, is Ferber worth it? You know, if we're trying to bring together different manifestations of an item so people can find all of the related manifestations, is it worth it if 81% of Worldcat records have only one manifestation? But there's another way of looking at that data. Those works with one manifestation, they were 87% of the records, but they're only 43% of total holdings. Whereas the works with two to five manifestations make up 40% of our total holdings. And then there's a big jump from 1% to 17% with the works with more than five manifestations. These are resources that people have. Even if they're not in sheer numbers in terms of the numbers of records, these things in multiple manifestations are in our catalogs. And I think it does a disservice to the user to not necessarily make it easy for them to find all the related manifestations. So with that said, I'm going to take a look at some so-called Ferberized resources. And it's not totally clear, but I don't think everybody applies the term Ferberized in the same way. Basically, I think it generally means attempting to bring together related manifestations of a particular work, or related expressions of a particular work. And it's accomplished in different ways. The resources I'm going to show you aren't based on RDA. Obviously, not to the extent that nobody's really full of pleasure putting into practice yet. So I'm going to take a look at the Ferber can and be kind of realized without RDA, perhaps. But we were talking about OCLC. So let's take a look at worldcat.org. I'm going to shrink that down so you can still see our webcam. I'm going to wait for the website to load. There we go. And I would kind of consider worldcat.org, the public face of Worldcat, to be kind of a gently Ferberized resource. I don't think it goes as far as some of the other is search for, my example from before, Abraham Lincoln Vampire Hunter. And you'll see that, you know, it's a little bit of a different format. It's a little bit of a different format. And you can expand it. And I will show you that it has the audio book also. And so it's kind of OCLC's attempt to Ferberize their catalog. And I think it's mostly based on ISBN numbers. They kind of have groups of associated ISBNs. And so they will show you the resources that are related to what you search for, if you're ISBN. Yeah, I don't know. Well, we'll try my next website and see if that works better than Worldcat. It's working its way up there. Wow. It's starting to come up on here. Yeah, I just have to give up on this one and see what we can do. There we go. Thank you. Too many tabs. Okay, so I mentioned that sort of the technology behind Worldcat.org and their Ferberization is done with ISBN numbers. And they actually make their technology behind that available to people if they want to be able to do this to their own catalogs. It's called XISBN. And so they have an API where you can get the data to produce the programming so when somebody searches for a particular item in your catalog, it will bring up links to related items. Before we go anything, I want to see if we can get that Worldcat thing to close it or because it's really slowing down the connection and stuff. We can get the whole browser to close. Yeah, there it goes. Okay. Now it's really easier. It was really bogging things down. Yeah, we don't want to affect the sound for sure. So this is something that's out there if you're interested in sort of ferberizing your own catalog. I think it's free to a certain number of searches per day, but they do charge if you're going to have heavier usage, 500 requests per day. So I don't know if that means 500 people searching your catalog for this particular thing per day, but so that's something to explore if you might be interested in doing this to your catalog. Another option that's out there is Thing ISBN, and this is available through library thing. And they do something similar, and I believe this one's totally free. So you can see us again. And there's this called Thing ISBN. Let me scroll down a little bit. It's an AAPI application programming interface. If you have someone with the technical skills to install this on your catalog, you can go ahead and do that. And it's kind of like an example of what we call a thing ISBN. And it's called Thing ISBN. And it's an AAPI application, and it's quite identical to the OCLC's ISBN. So it's a similar concept of relating ISBNs to each other. And I've seen an example of a project that used at the University of Huddersfield, which I think is in Canada, if I'm not mistaken. And do a search. And so this is other editions and related works. And so this is through linking ISBNs. They have a link to the e-book version, a link to a 1970 edition and a link to a 2008 edition. So if you think there's something that might be useful for your catalog user, you can use one of these ISBNs services to kind of create a Ferberi's catalog. One thing that I think that Ferber works well for is if you have a, there are particular types of resources that work better with Ferber than others, and one of them is music. You know, there can be a lot of different manifestations of the same work in music. And so this is one kind of experimental project from Indiana University called the Scarezoom. And I'll do a search for Mozart in this interface. I told it to search for anything with Mozart as the creator or composer. This display is funny with our window minimized like this, but you can see they have 4,000 and something results for every single item they have in their catalog that has Mozart as the creator. But up here they have this sort of, they have 803 work results. And so what they've done here is group together various manifestations that represent a particular work. Because you might just be looking for a particular concerto and you don't really care which elements on, but you just want to know where you can find a concerto. So if you click on that first result, you can see it's on a CD called trumpet concertos, famous horn trumpet concertos. So, you know, I think that music is one area in which Ferber is especially useful when we think about catalogs to search music resources. Movie images, movies, films I think is another area where Ferber can be pretty useful. This just came out, I think, within the last couple weeks. It's so new that they don't even have a catchy name for it yet. They just call it, this is put out by OLAC, which is the online audio-visual catalogers. And they just call it OLAC work-centric moving image discovery interface prototype. So, yeah, exactly. That's just not catchy at all. And so this kind of does the same thing for movies and films that the Scrozo site does for music. This one's running a little bit slow, too, but I do a search for Dracula and you'll see it has sort of what they call a work record up here and they've said that they've sort of lumped together a work plus what they call primary expression, which is the first publication of it, basically. So, Rampstoker's Dracula, there's their work record, but then they have various, you can get it in VHS, laser discs, things like that, and other years, the other films were made about Dracula. So, again, it's sort of just organizing resources under a uniting concept of a work. And another example is the Ausflit catalog, which is through, it's from Australia. I think it's a collaboration between the Australian National Library and some of their research universities, and it's available, I think you can access it on-site at the Australian National Library or for some of their universities, but you can't just access it openly on the web, it's through the description only, but they have made some sample results available so that you see what it's like. And it focuses on literature, there's a bunch of Australian authors, basically. So, again, it's kind of a niche product. You can see that I think a lot of people are verbalizing smaller groups of resources rather than everything out there. Yeah, it gets started with something easily manageable. Exactly. And so, for example, you can see some of their sample records are for works, and I think they're also, they're intended to show holdings in various Australian libraries, too. And so this is a work record. And then they have this work has appeared in at least five different versions, so these are more of the manifestations down here. So, again, you can see it's sort of a trend in these interfaces that they're kind of an upper part that refers to a work, and then they show you the various examples of the manifestations. Also, it kind of takes in another direction, they also focus on what they call agents, which are the creators of the work, you know, sort of the group 2 and the S. And I think it's something interesting to point out. I think that's another thing that Ferber could do is that sort of make right now our catalogs are really focused on our bibliographic records and everything else kind of incidental. I think we can also start having maybe records compiled with data about our authors. You know, if you wanted to really look and see what we have available by a certain author, you could really get a much more user-friendly interface than what we currently have now when you search by title or by author and it just brings up a list of all their works. You know, you can kind of be more user-friendly to people who are interested in a particular author. And that's kind of what I'm going to show with the open library. This resource, I don't think they go as far to ferberize the relationships between works and expressions and manifestations, but they do focus on making pretty explicit the relationships between bibliographic resources and the creators of them. You can, you know, search by an author, for example. So let's do the salinger. And so they have, you know, a concept of author records. So you can go and find a page that's going to be linked to all the works by a person which is a little different than our traditional catalogs function. And they have the same thing. It's very useful, I think. And I do this a lot because library catalogs don't always do it. I use things like either sometimes a author or probably has a website that does the same thing, everything by this author. Or like Wikipedia does that very well as well, look up the author and find out everything they've done. Exactly. So I think there's a demand out there. I think that if Ferber enables our catalogs to do this more easily as Oslet shows, then I think that's a great idea. And Open Library also has pages for particular subjects. You can go and click on a page and search for, you know, a subject of Haley's comment. And it will show you all the works that have to do with Haley's comment. And so I think it's kind of a new way of thinking about subject searching or objecting our catalogs. And I think that it does kind of grow out of Ferber and its emphasis on relationships. You can, you know, approach things from the bibliographic resource and the things that are related to it. But you could also approach it from looking for an author and finding things that are related to that author. Okay, so as I promised we are going to talk a little bit about Ferber and RDA. I know that's probably the big topic on everybody's mind. So what does this practically mean for me? RDA, as I mentioned, is resource description and access. It is the new cataloging rules which are currently being evaluated by the National Library. They have not officially been implemented yet. And they are based on Ferber and its principles. Probably the most obvious way in which you will see Ferber's influence in RDA is just looking at the terminology. This is basically the top level of the table of contents of RDA and you can see that we're dealing with recording attributes. And then you can see a lot of the entities I mentioned there. Manifestation and item, work and expression, person, family and corporate body, concept, object, event and place. These are all names of the entities in the various groups of the Ferber model. And so when you're done recording the attributes of them, they also want you to record the relationships. And for me, as I said before, one of the important things about Ferber is that it makes relationships between our entities. There are resources themselves or the people who created them or the subjects that they're about. It makes them explicit. And so the second part of RDA deals with recording these relationships. And as you can see, again, all the names of the entities are there in the section titles. And the sections dealing with subjects are not currently developed. As I mentioned, the conceptual model for that just came out and so RDA did not take those into account. But I believe that it is something that is planned for future development should RDA be adopted. And I want to point out that one of the tools that comes in the RDA toolkit is entity relationship diagrams for the various entities in RDA, which I've raised in the Ferber. And so I think you'll notice it looks very similar to the little diagram I had going before where the entities are called attributes. And so I want to start thinking about all the things you record about your resources as attributes of an entity. The title is an attribute of a manifestation. The addition statement is an attribute of a manifestation. Things like that. They're called elements in RDA, but they're also called attributes. And so kind of getting yourself in the mindset of an entity relationship model is a really good thing for dealing with RDA. Thank you all who have attended my presentation before and know that I always like to give my resources on this. And you have a couple more print resources. All those ones before were available online. They're available in print. We do have them in the collection here at the Library Commission. Ferber, a guide for the perplexed by Robert Maxwell and Understanding Ferber and what it is and how it will affect our retrieval tools. By Arlene Taylor, the editor, there's a bunch of different authors in that one. Yeah, you can tell them the title that a lot of people are confused by Ferber, so you're not alone if it doesn't, if it overwhelms you perhaps. So those are again some good resources that will help you understand Ferber and why it's relevant to us. So, does anybody have any questions? Because we're done a little bit early here. Yeah. Does anybody have any questions for Emily at the moment? Yeah, I'll explain everything really well or they're all overwhelmed. Genesis, can you go back one slide? Absolutely. That one? Jen, you're talking about the one with the book titles? Yep, that's the one. I guess you want to take on the titles. We would be fine if there's WorldCat records. We can link to the records for those in WorldCat or something too when we put up our delicious links for the recording as well, so you can have access to that. But both of those I found really good. Ferber or Guy Ferber perplex is a basic overview of things and then understanding Ferber kind of takes sort of there's multiple authors, so they take different approaches to things that they found relevant about Ferber, so it's kind of an interesting read as well. Does it look like we have any urgent questions coming in? If you do have any questions after the session you come up with while you're trying to work with us whatever, feel free to contact Emily here at the Library Commission. And like we said, the recording will be put up after the session is over and all of the links that were in here will be put there as well. See if all of those resources and when the recording is done we will have it sent out to everybody who attended. So you will be able to... Thank you. I think it was very useful. Definitely a lot of... it's hard to explain definitely. Maybe as long as you think but thank you all for attending and being able to learn about it. Yep, and more thank yous. Thanks and great job. Yep, cool. I know we had a little bit of technical sound issues when we were bouncing back and forth to some of the websites WorldCat for some reason just was not happy today. But hopefully normally those kind of things aren't so bad when the recording comes out, so we'll see how that comes. So if nobody has any questions it looks like at the moment. It was a great overview of Ferber. Good, I'm glad. That was kind of the point, yeah, the idea we're hoping. Excellent. Hopefully we'll join us next week at least Nebraska people where we'll have our session on Scholarship and Internship Grant Opportunities via the Library Commission. We have some new IMLS grant program that what do we got here? Internships that are coming through. Yes, that's what it is. So we're going to have some people from the commission talk about this and telling how this program is working and what's coming up with it. So hopefully we'll join us next week for that here on Encompass Live. Other than that, we have oh, thanks for the training from Ruth. If there are no questions then we will wrap it up and say thank you and we'll see you next week. Bye-bye.