 The study aimed to develop and validate a self-report measure called COVID-AH, which assesses beliefs and attitudes underlying COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and reasons for refusal. A sample of 1503 Hungarian respondents filled out the scale, an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. The findings show that a robust three-factor solution emerged for the 15-item COVID-AH with high-factor loadings on each factor, skepticism, risk perception, and fear of COVID-19 vaccine. The scale displays good fit indices and internal consistencies and has proper convergent, concurrent, and discriminant validity in identifying COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The new scale adds to the literature by identifying fear of COVID-19 vaccines as a newly highlighted explanatory variable of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The COVID-AH is available in English and Hungarian and can be used to assess vaccine uptake hesitancy, allowing for targeted interventions that consider individual factors that interfere with vaccination acceptance. This article was offered by Ibolyakota, Kingda Kalshaginosi, Kingda Sobo, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.