 Why are we discussing methane? Methane is such a common company that affects people of all ages after the methane may be the result of an injury, such as a ruptured ligament or a torn cartilage. There are some medical conditions like arthritis, drought, and infections that can also cause methane. And the methane, not necessarily it has always to be dangerous, it can be, there can be a minor knee response, can respond with this self-care measures like isopathing a physical, I'm just putting a physical face. Some of my thoughts will help you choose when you see a doctor and when you do a minor repair of yourself. When we come to the knee joint, and the knee joint is one of the largest and the most complex joints in the body. The bones that form are already formed by the femur and then the smaller bone which is the tibia, and the v-cap which is the patella, and then there are about six ligaments, I think four ligaments around the knee that provides support to the knee joint. There is a ligament called as an anterior cruciate ligament and then there is a posterior cruciate ligament. And there are also the ligaments of the site which are the medial collateral ligament and the lateral collateral ligament. And then, I mean why is it important, is the older adrenus, the bone of joint conditions, they may experience pain in the knee. Generally, the women who are 65 year olds, they are at a higher risk than those who have water, than at a younger age. It does not mean that the knee pains will come only in the elderly, even young adults and teenagers may also experience the knee pain, especially if they participate in this sport or if they are met with any injuries or if they are perhaps injured or if they are injured. And even children can experience knee pain, the diagnosis of the knee pain at different ages is different. What are the symptoms that you will have whenever there is a knee pain? Even the location of the pain, I mean what do I mean by the location of the pain? It is either you may have pain in the front of the knee, on the side of the knee, on the side of the knee, on the side of the knee, on the side of the knee, or the back of the knee. Based on this, you can come to know as to what could be the possible reason why you may be having this knee pain. The location of the knee pain can vary depending on which structure is involved. With an infection, the whole knee may be swollen and painful, while it won't manifest or a fracture gives symptoms of, symptoms may be in one specific location. The severity of the pain can also vary from a minor age to a very senior age. The severity of the pain can also vary from a minor age to a very senior disability pain. Some of the signs and symptoms that come through the knee pain are, you can have stiffness, the skin feels warm to touch, and you can have most of the people complain of sound whenever they are moving their knee. Like they may be injured or that particular sound is called acrepancy. These are the minor signs and symptoms. The other serious signs and symptoms that occur are pain which is associated with swelling, redness and fever. Then they can have some symptoms where you can have inability to stand and you can have locking of the knee. What do I mean by locking of the knee? Whenever you are sitting and trying to understand your knee gets locked in one position and you are not able to stay in your knee. This particular thing is called as the locking of the knee. Because of the pain you can also have lifting, you have difficulty in locking, especially climbing up the stairs, down the stairs, getting up from the chair, sitting, I mean finding it difficult to get out of the car. Then you can also have some instability. In my opinion, instability, what do I mean is you can have some imbalance in the knee. These are the most common symptoms that accompany a knee pain. In case, I mean any of you who are watching this or any questions, we can just drop it on it and I will try and answer it at the end of. Now again, coming to causes. What are the causes that can cause the knee pain? There are a number of issues that affect the proper functioning of one of both knees and the cost pain. The injury is the most common conditions. And age related things will lead to arthritis and lung emulation. Now one of the common conditions that can happen that can cause knee pain is a damaged meniscus. What exactly are meniscus? These meniscus are small layers of things that are present between both the bones. They are like shock absorbers of the knee. They absorb both of the shock and then they are called as the shock absorbers. But in case there is too much space of the meniscus, it can cause a lot of knee pain. The meniscus they also help in, they also stabilize the knee by preventing abnormal movements and that may lead to injury. Clearing of the meniscus may lead to a proper functioning and then fractures. I mean having a form, either at home or on an accident. So it can cause a fracture which can either happen to the bone, about the knee, the below the knee or the kneecap itself. And then the knee dislocation, do it as well. It is not a common problem. I mean the most common thing that happens in younger adults are ligament spades. These type of injuries occur when the knee receives blunt injury in the wrong direction. The sprains and the sprains often arise during an injury and there are three grades of the sprains. There is grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3. That can be decided only based on a clinical examination and an appropriate treatment needs to be done. The most, I mean the most common sprains are generally a grade 1 kind of a sprain where we just have to do an ice packing and glazing and it should suffice. And then tendonitis is another common problem. It is an inflammation that produces, it is a condition which is and it causes inflammation that produces redness and then there is tenderness to touch and intense pain in the tendons and aromony or any area of the body that has tendons. The activities that require repetitive movements may increase the risk of tendonitis. The other factors for improving tendons are poor preparation for exercise and medical conditions such as arthritis. You can also have tendonitis because of increased uric acid which can lead to gout and other things. This tendonitis is specifically quite painful I mean how do we diagnose that there is tendonitis is you have pain on a particular part not necessarily all around the neck either it will be on the inside of the knee or on the outside of the knee or above it. The other condition that can cause I mean the knee pain is the bursitis. I mean what exactly are bursa are? Bursa are basically some kind of empty spaces around the knee which help in facilitating movement. There can be in the hip bursa that may cause knee pain. They are small pockets of fluid they lubricate the tendons and they are present along most of the joints including the knee joint. And the another thing is bleeding into the joint. Now what do you mean by bleeding into the joint? You can have an injury that causes a significant damage to the knee joint and the first bleeding into the joint space is known as hematopsis. It can also happen if there is a cruciate ligament there or hematitis. And then so this cruciate ligament there are basically what happens if the cruciate ligament there are they are basically that happen because of sports injuries. This is the osteoarthritis. What exactly happens by osteoarthritis is the osteoarthritis most commonly it is age related but does not mean young people do not have arthritis and when young people have arthritis it is because of some other conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or dog or anything. What exactly happens with osteoarthritis? Normally the knee has a cartilage which is basically painless. So there is varying out of this cartilage that exposes the bone to the nerves that causes a lot of pain. Not just pain, the pain can be present even at rest. The pain can lead to so much of limitation of even activities where if you have difficulty in getting up even in the night when you are sleeping especially when you are one week out of the other when you have difficulty in sleeping, difficulty in using to watch through. These are all symptoms that are related to osteoarthritis especially in the holding. So osteoarthritis is a common form of arthritis that may appear in one or more lines in the body. It affects men, women and children. But generally the most commonly women over the age of 45 or at ISPs for osteoarthritis the condition causes pain from the loss of cartilage. I mean why is the cartilage lost? The cartilage is lost because of aging and most commonly because of aging. And it causes the bones to rub together and produce intense discomfort. It may also form from joint palpations present at birth injuries or indulging in a lot of active sports. And then the other common condition is rheumatoid arthritis. The rheumatoid arthritis is again a form of arthritis but it is not happening in the old age, it is happening in much younger age. The most circulating form of arthritis it is an optimal condition that can affect almost any joint in your body including your knee. Although rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease it tends to vary in severity and may even come and go. Now what is the root? I think root happens whenever the uric acid in your body level in the body gives up. While the most common area of root is the great root it can also affect the knee. Stubborn is another condition where the cancer crystals which are not basically because of uric acid get formed and they are present in the knee. If the root may be diagnosed, may be misdiagnosed in some people it can produce painful episodes of swelling and inflammation in the knee as well as other times, septic arthritis. What exactly septic arthritis is? I mean it is actually a very serious condition whereas you have an infection into the knee. And this requires generally an immediate surgery and it is an emergency surgery. It is not very common, it generally happens in uncontrolled diabetes and you will have a lot of fever, swelling and pain. What are the problems that happen because of the arthritis? Some mechanical problems. Loot body. Sometimes an injury or degeneration of the bone and cartilage can cause the piece of bone or cartilage to break and float into the knee joint space. This may or may not create any problem because the loot body interferes with the knee joint movement in which, in which case the effect is something like a pencil which is part of the bone. Dislocated kneecap. This generally occurs when the patella which is in the kneecap moves over and slips out of the place. Generally again happens most commonly in younger age group. The other problem which is quite common is panormalacia patella. So now what exactly is panormalacia patella is? It is a general term which is used to describe the breakdown of something of the cartilage form of the body. The panormalacia of the patella generally affects the kneecaps. The damaged knees may become is placed from constant of persistent use. It often affects the females more often than the males. But it may cause both of pain for anyone who is very active in life. Then Oscar Schalters. I write this just for the sake of completion. This most commonly occurs in younger age group. There is an inflammation of the bone and the cartilage or the tendon or the top of the shin bone where the tendon comes from the kneecap attack. This most often seen in young adolescents most commonly only one is affected. Then what are the risk factors that need to be brought in? This way being overweight or obese can increase the stress on your joints even during ordinary activities such as walking or going up and down the stairs. It puts you at complete risk of osteoarthritis. Then biomechanical problems. But in structural abnormalities having in the sense that you are one leg is longer than the other leg misaligned knees or even flat feet can lead to knee problems. You can also have knee pain because of lack of muscle flexibility or strength. A lack of muscle strength and flexibility are among the leading causes of knee injuries. Right or weak muscles occur less support for your knee because they don't absorb enough of the stress exerted on the thigh. In case you have had knee injury which is the previous injury, it can lead to again an injury. What do we do when we physically examine the knees? We inspect your knee to see whether you have any swelling or pain, pain and as warmth of this injury. Then we check to see whether how far you can move with your leg in different directions. Then we push and pull the knee just to check whether your knee is stable or not. And then what is the testing that we generally commonly employ to look at the knee is the most common thing we employ is an X-ray. In case the X-ray is not able to give us a clear image we may even ask you for a CT scan. What is a CT scan? A CT scan just defines the body I mean the body proportion is in a much better way. And in case if required an ultrasound is done and you see the socket shoulder underneath a magnetic resonance imaging basically an MRI is done. And based on again the site of the pain in case the doctor, I mean I am suspecting you in case your buic acid level is high you may have to do a blood test to check your buic acid levels or if you are a young patient who has knee pain he will have to do a rheumatoid factor test to know whether you have any rheumatoid arthritis. So there are a few blood tests also involved before we come to the conclusion. And what are the different types of surgical options which are available for the knee? The surgical options vary based on the based on what exactly you are suffering from in the knee. So an arthroscopic surgery is basically a knee-hold surgery which we do in younger age groups whenever you have a ligament there or a meniscus there. These surgeries are I mean the patients are discharged in a day or two these are done using normal invasive techniques that they just make small incisions in the knee within the cameras and do the working work. And then the other surgical options that we have are partial knee replacement wherein we are not doing a complete knee replacement we need a compartment, there are three compartments mainly only the compartment that is involved is being replaced to make sure the patient is in the knee and then there is a total knee replacement wherein we replace all the three compartments for the knee and make you feel free and mobile. And then coming to the start of the other thing I told you that there should be some home remedies to be made. So what are the... and if your knee, for example if you have a problem or in case you have strained your knee or at least coating your knee the first thing you need to do is take a rest you can break from your normal activities to reduce the risk of strain on your knee and give the injury time to heal and help prevent further damage. A day or two of rest may be all convenient for a minor injury a more severe knee damage is likely to be a little longer recovery time. We may need to do an ice. Ice reviews is both pain and inflammation. The value of frozen basically you need to take a ice cube in a plastic cover and put it on the top of your knee. A compression with the help of a great bandage will help prevent fluid damage in the damage and it helps in reducing the swelling in a much faster way. The other most important thing that you need to do is elevate your knee. Basically you need to keep up the low and keep your legs elevated up to prevent the accumulation of swelling. I mean I've been only talking about knee pain and what are the things remedies for it. Are there ways to prevent anyone from having knee pain? It is definitely possible to prevent someone from having knee pain. So what are these small preventive measures first thing is keeping yourself in the optimal way. When you keep yourself in the optimal way the pressure which is exerted on the knee is much lower and then so your chances of knee damage are much lower. Basically you need to keep your extra palm block, maintain a healthy weight which is one of the best things you can do for your knees. An extra palm block or even an extra KG puts an additional strain on your joints including the rest of the injuries and arthritis. And whenever you are in pain always do a warm-up and then you need to get to your sport. And then you need to maintain very good muscle strength you need to keep your muscle strong because the weak muscles are one of the most leading causes for knee injuries. And I mean before you get into any sports there are injury prevention programs you need to know how to prevent yourself from having a knee injury by doing these small things you can prevent yourself from having a knee pain. Thank you all for having heard me on the Saturday afternoon in case you have any questions can you please me to ask me and I will help you and there is one question from someone to ask what is the success of knee surgery I mean I mean knee replacement is a very successful surgery with almost almost success rate of more than 90% one advantage of knee replacement surgery is the patient can be put to walk immediately the next day after the surgery he stays in the hospital for 2-3 days and then based on how his condition is he goes back home and initially for the few days he will be using a doctor for a few weeks based on his improvement the walker is taken off then he moves to a single stick and then he can walk without any support what are the different types of implants for knee replacement there is one question which is what are the different types of implants for knee replacement and which one is the best quality I mean the different types of knee implants are basically you have a wardrobe you have something called oximium and now recently you have something called myobium these are the three different types of knee implants so I mean there is nothing called the best quality because everything is customized for the patient you look at the patient and then decide what is the best implant that would suit for it so it is not there is not a dictum that one size fits all so you cannot say this one implant is the best that would suit everybody what is the difference between different implants this based on the wear rate I mean what is the wear rate as they say the oximium implants last longer than the normal cobalt probe implants beyond that there are no major advantages whenever I am doing a knee replacement I mean most of them are done from imported companies using implants like Zimmer, Epu, Hospitalic, it is the most common implants that I would be using what all there is I mean if someone is looking at making the knee last longer I mean the few new additional techniques that you can add to improve your knee replacements being a navigated knee replacement very conventional knee replacement it is a little superior any other questions I mean just wait for another 5 minutes if there is there are no questions I think we will stop in the webinar I think there are no further questions I think we will what about stem cells as an alternative treatment for knee replacement another question which is talking about stem cells as an alternative for knee replacement I mean stem cells presently they are still under the research base they are still not been proved that they will be replacing the cartilage so I mean whatever stem cells have been approved they have been approved only for study purposes they have not been approved for the purpose of treatment yet but in early grade we do I mean I do something known as the PRP the purpose of PRP is the platelet plasma when I take the patient blood put it to centrifuge remove the plasma and inject it into the feet but these things would benefit only in the early stages of osteoarthritis now what is the early stage of osteoarthritis there are four grades of osteoarthritis the grades are based on an x-ray so in an early grade is when these treatments would give you a little better I hope this answers your question thank you all for giving your time and attending this webinar thank you so much