 The environmental impact of carbon dioxide emissions from vehicles is well known, which makes developing alternative propulsion systems a priority. Three technologies are being investigated for the onboard storage of hydrogen, compressed gas, cryogenic liquid, and solid. Each technology has its own unique challenges, which need to be understood to guide future research and development efforts. Additionally, this paper reviews the latest advances in fiber-reinforced polymer composite hydrogen storage vessels, including their technical performance, manufacturing costs, safety, and environmental impact. Furthermore, numerical models have been developed using artificial intelligence techniques to assess the performance of composite hydrogen storage vessels, leading to more advanced designs for a more sustainable future. This article was authored by Maraad Naktain, Mostafa Tarfawi, Muhammad Amin Abishu, and others.