 Oleolithinolamide, OEA, a naturally occurring lipid, has been shown to have neuroprotective properties and ischemic stroke. This study investigates how OEA affects microglia, the immune cells of the brain, and their role in protecting neurons during stroke. It found that OEA induces microglia to switch from an inflammatory M1 phenotype to a protective M2 phenotype, which helps protect neurons from damage. Furthermore, it was discovered that this process involves the activation of paroxysone proliferator activated receptor alpha, PAR. This suggests that OEA could potentially be used as a therapeutic agent to treat stroke. This article was authored by Engley, Yenon Zhang, Qin Wang, and others.