 Okay, oh Hello and thanks for being here tonight. It's the last talk of the day so you can just chill out relax and talk about the dead bodies It's not as sexy as the previous talk but Okay, first nothing to do with Halloween that is coming, but it's it's a sales talk about Facial reconstruction so facial reconstruction is He's working on the skull in order to try to reconstruct the face of the deceased and This is what we are gonna talk about. So First some disclaimer It's a kind of complex process so I may have to simplify Things especially because of my mouth is not able to to speak in English this very complex complex world So for example when I have to say Soft tissue death. I meant just say flesh. Is it good for you? Yeah, thank you Okay, it's still a walk in progress. My job is to make this to speed up the process of making a face and And so it's still a walk in progress and I will try to present you five of different tools I made for this I had to I have to advise you that there is one Graphics slide With real blood on it. So I will tell you so if you don't want to see just Close your eyes if you want to throw up just keep your dignity and don't do it Okay, this This subject may change your life as it changed mine and not in a good way You You may become sad and creepy as I am because when I Actually, I talk with a lot of you guys today And I know it's rude but the only thing I had in mind is to reverse and generating your face in order to See your scar okay, I have to to show you some Some real and beautiful facial reconstruction. I luck to meet with Elizabeth Dainess, which is one of the most famous facial reconstruction artists actually she's a paleo artist and she make this Reconstruction it's like a life-size Statue made of silicone I guess and just incredible runner when you visit her workshop. It's full of bodies full of skulls It's it's really funny You know, it's not this I Have another one to show you Okay. Yeah, this is a facial reconstruction of a celebrity. Maybe you I think it's obvious Who is it? The monolith Yeah Just okay to introduce the fact that the facial reconstruction is very controversial Why because it's not a science. It's made of science, but there is What scientists give to the artist and what the artists actually do and one of my my Mission is to reduce the parts The artistic parts and to increase the scientific one. I know it doesn't sound sounds good, but my what I do Okay, how many of you have? ever read on a newspaper like a facial reconstruction scientist founder face of Any kind of king of raise your hand? Okay, I'm sorry. You shouldn't shouldn't have read that Because it's not what we do as journalists. We know they try to make things sexy and simple But we don't find the face of someone we find wine of the possible face that a skull can wear if it's I don't know where and And Yeah, so so when we do facial reconstruction and when we speak about we have to Keep being very humble That's one of the key and that's why Facial reconstruction is not recognized in a court of law for example Okay, so I'm working at the sergi-pontoise university, which is very very famous In sergi-pontoise I mean and So I am in charge of a degree of students working with Blender to make image and animations for science and I'm also doing some research about facial reconstruction and this year by chance a group of archaeologists ask us to Make the face of two people And we are gonna talk about this later. So the classes look like this So it's very fresh and then we go to eat and forget to clean the hands. It's terrible a lot of disease around and This is one of the archaeologists. We are working for and with So what is facial reconstruction about Um, okay, it's we try to remake the face of a DC to be as close as possible as the face was and We are using of course the skull because the skull is the beginning of everything and We are also using some other sources of scientific information like anthropology archaeology Pathology genetic et cetera et cetera But as my job is to speed up the process I have to focus on what is important in a face and There is a study that point out All the discriminant features of the face Including the here really who cares about the yeah, okay So there is three features for the eyes three for the lips and Which is much more important seven for the nose seven out of 22 So the nose is the most discriminant feature on your face and If for example, I change your nose or I have your nose wrong Well, nobody will recognize you nobody. It's so discriminant That's why I changed the nose of these two celebrities and it's impossible for you to know who they actually are Don't try Just bear with me. It's impossible and Tata I Made my point. Okay, let's move on Okay, so what? What can we have what can we found on On the skull we need a lot of information to make to make a face right and there's a lot of things that We will find on this skull Do you know for example, you can raise your hand after the question? Do you know for example that we we know the your gender With your skull Raise your hand even if you don't believe it was I feel better about myself Well, actually it was a tricky question and almost nobody Res the end so in fact now it's not really working. There is a lot of a lot of indications a lot of hints but By themselves, it's not enough to make her a good prognostic but at least they tell us if you are the kind of robust person so like American actors or Graciel person like French actors and Woody Allen and So there is a lot of them Let's try okay, don't be shy, please You will have to touch the person just in front of you We'll try to okay We just try to find this little bump here at the back of the head on the knuckle crest It's called the Oxypital protuberance And okay touch it maybe some of you have a big one You can probably raise your hand So you are very robust Yeah, it's good. Maybe maybe some of you don't have anything It's it's good also You can also touch some others to see the difference Okay, no, let's talk about the master it process the master it process is just behind you here It's like a rock like like a reverse pyramid. Yeah, just touch it Feel it. Okay. Same if it's big American actors otherwise It's French Okay, good So the master it process is here and this is but there is no nothing Okay, oh Okay, another one this one I like it because it's dangerous and painful So grab the person in front of you and try to to put your finger between the orbit and the eyeball and feel the bone If it's rounded That's robust if it's thin and sharp. Mmm. That's Brazil Either way, you're a good person. Okay So I have a face to make I have a face to make and well I have this in my hands. So let's try to Have the eyes right so to attach the muscle of the the eye we have One a little Holy here that is called the lacrimal canal or the lacrimal for sides here and On the other side you have the witness tubercle. It's just a little dense little bump here on the side and this give you The inclination of the eye but also the deepness of the eye inside the orbit so it's a good information and We have some other information here that we'll talk about the the eyelid Okay, let's talk about the mouse now We'll try also we'll try on you Okay, we have this line the midline where the lips meet in the sorry in the middle of the mouse, okay, and this should happen at the level of At this level One-third of your teeth font teeth incisive And see so yeah, just try put your finger here and raise your hand if I'm right. Oh Yes, thank you Bear with me until the end Okay, now the upper lip should arrive At this level and on the downside at this level fill it with your finger Okay, try your neighbor And I'm sure I'm right. I don't even ask okay And the philtrum is here in the in the middle of the mouse and should happen in the middle of the two incisors Here and here and of course we all have different mouse rights. So Regarding the inclination of the the mandible we will guess if you have Strong leaps and the shapes and everything so it is it could be complicated But still we are all very overwhelmed about this. So let's talk about the nose The nose is very very difficult To predict why because first it can be big. I know what I'm talking about and it's only 20% of bone and all the rest is muscles and I don't know the word in English This should be cartilage cartilage cartilage. Okay. Thank you But we do have some information actually if you look This way you can already See the nostril here that goes up and they find the side of the nose Actually, well everything belongs to the same blueprint. So it's there is a logic in the nose The only thing that remain uncertain is the tip of the nose. That's the most difficult Let's talk about it later. The next slide is graphic and disgusting, but I have to show it first Why the nose the tip of the nose is so unpredictable because of this This is a cartilage the our cartilage and it's unpredictable it can be big little and if you cut Only one millimeter so you the shape of your nose is completely different and This we don't have any information on it. So Searcher found a lot of different Equations in order to predict the nose. This is an equation that predicts the Projection of the nose the the size of your nose But this is complete Complex, so I have something much more easy to memorize It has been found last year by a Brazilian team So here we have on the bone the renewal Renew here at the top of the nasal bone and here we have the Prostia just at the beginning of the teeth and Look, I don't know how to explain. So just look 90 degrees and you have the nasal projection 92 degrees for woman Okay, so how do we do is very easy um Very easy. No, it's not it's not and it's long and painful So you have a bone and you will put 50 markers on on the on the skull 50 markers all around and That will give you this the flesh The the deepness of the the thickness of the flesh on the bone and Once you have done this You will piece by piece add all the muscles and cartilage And after two days of work or two weeks depends You have the face even without the skin you can see the face of the person and Okay, the markers Okay, the markers I am talking about Let's say you okay you take In a population, let's say, I don't know Switzerland you take 100 person male 20 years old 100 person male 30 years old 100 person male 40 years old Okay, and you make measurements on the flesh and then you do the same with woman and then you can add some criteria like the Body the body fat for example if the person is strong or not and Then you put everything in charts and this is what I Pretend to work on and then you put the marker on the skull and the marker give you three information the mean value to the average and the two extreme minimum and maximum and For example, if you know that okay, you are working with a scientist and topologist for example, and he tells you this person is robust Okay, so at the at some area you will go maybe higher to From the main from the mean value because he has right on strong joe Oh, I don't know once you have done that. Well, you can take the grease pencil and Begin to draw the face of the person so it's very fast very easy and Once you once you you have done that. Well, you know the which face you are working on makes things much more easy and It looks nice for the presentation Yeah, I told you that I I have 60 slides for 20 minutes. So Okay, it'll be a one-hour presentation. Thanks for your understanding Okay, so one of the first thing I did with Blender is just to put all the charts online on the same database and makes Blender connect to the database and adjust Dynamically all the markers So here I can choose a male in his 20s Etc. Etc. Okay That's the first tool the second one is Generic fashion mesh so it's a mask but with a rig so it can deform itself and be wrapped to In order to to make any kind of face we want So this is a boring and No charm no personality whatsoever for abuse reason, but with strong facial features like the nose, etc and This face should be able to be shaped in any kind of face first thing there is three key key shape key sorry in order to align with the skull the Orbits and the eyes the nose and the mouth and Once this is done we can begin to deform the face So there is only a few bones actually But the topology is Done by the book. This is very important because we are not doing muscle by muscle. So the topology Plays this role when I move a bone The flesh is driven driven on the face Okay, well, that's boring. Let's try to push Some extreme faces out of this mesh. So at least well, maybe you will never do facial reconstruction But maybe you can use it to know character design or you can go crazy So it takes one minute to do the face and three hours to do the drool Okay. No, I have these tools. I can Well, I just have one minute left really. Oh my god So, okay, I drive test all these tools and get this face this face belongs Well is one of the possible face of this skull Okay Interesting things when we change the charts. So this is a woman charts and this is a man charts So we don't stock the grass the fat on the same area on the face. Okay, let's move on And then the nose machine. It's complex. I I said that already. So I made something That build the nose for us. We are moving some little object on the score that give information and then Blender will produce the Nose accordingly. So here I move in real time all these markers and the nose is changing like that Okay, and I should tell you a very long story I call it the tale of Lauren and the bicycle. Lauren is one of my students, but I will make the story much more shorter Okay, Lauren in the summer She was drunk and she drove a bicycle And a long story short. Well, she she fell and broke a jaw in three pieces Very peace very painful blah blah blah and she got a city scan and that's for us is the Christmas gift the city scan The city scan can produce a 3d object of the skull, but also of the face of everything we like This is the object and when we export it into blender We have separately the bones and the face so we can walk and make some experimentation Which leads leads us to this one Nobody ever seen this experimentation you will see you won't sleep It's so good. Okay Here is How can we call it? A distance map the distance on the skin from the skull if it makes sense. Yeah, I guess Yeah, so this is the skull of Lauren. So I take the skin of Lauren I put it onto someone else's skull and I wrap it with the shrink wrap modifier and then I use this map to decrease the influence of the shrink wrap and This gave us the face of this person if this person had The flesh of Lauren see Okay, so let's try with something that makes more sense. Let's try with a neanderthal Okay, this is with a little bit of cleaning. Okay, I add the nose with a machine and some eyes and stuff and Now with the neanderthal So this is not almost apiensis neanderthal and this is Lauren I have to align of course the features and in a few seconds you will see The face of neanderthal like you never seen it. Can you feel it? Okay, and I couldn't resist and I go crazy with the skull tools and Yeah Sorry, I was drunk and riding a bicycle Okay, I Was about to speak about the materials, but I won't do it because we don't have time hand-painted and procedural and Smurf That was a good joke Okay, and then the two missions of the archaeologists so one day the archaeologist knock my door with a box and a big smile on his face and Inside the box was the head of this person. It's a Man from a man from the medieval ages and With some information here. So he's robust see features and The the head was still with all the mud and The archaeologists explained to me if I clean up the mud The skull with fall apart and it will be like a puzzle. So don't do it. Don't touch as the mud As the mud just scan it as it and try to do the face so this is a 3d scan and So I spend a full night trying to recompose pieces by pieces all the skull Thankfully, it's symmetrical and With this girl I did the face of this medieval man Well, it's just a draft because the archaeologist told me actually when he died He didn't have any teeth. So I have to change the face That's funny and another day the archaeologists come back to me knock the door with a big box and big smile on his face The smile was different We are talking about a woman that is 6500 years old and The archaeologists says this time I cleaned the bones perfectly. What? the box was Okay, full of pieces and it's like a puzzle that will take at least a year to recompose. So see you next year Thank you very much