 Hello. I welcome you all once again to my channel, Explore Education. I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, S.S. Khanna Girls degree college, University of Allahabad. And this time I'm going to discuss the last topic under the main heading of higher education in India that it's self-financed programs in higher education. Or you can say problem of self-finance programs or you can say need of self-finance programs and all have been covered in this lecture. Okay, so let's start. Before I talk about privatization of higher education, this topic came up. And I'm repeating it again. The main reason for this is that the government has less funds to spend on higher education. And higher education is increasing day by day. Then the fees are not as much as the primary, secondary and private schools. The fees are less and the teachers get more salary compared to the primary and secondary schools. So this is very different. And how to fulfill this? The government is not reading it. They are not reading the resources. They don't have enough funds to give it. So private partners are invited to generate their own funds. Self-finance. That is, you yourself are going to close the gap. Okay. So let's understand that the financial allocation on education is well below the 0.6% of GDP. It has been said many times, it has been said many times in the commissions that GDP, that is, gross domestic product, that is, 6% of the household income should be spent on education. That is considered optimal. It is believed that it will work well. And at that it had started declining in the post-liberalization era. Whereas it has never reached 6% and whereas post-liberalization era, that is, the era of your LPG, what is LPG? Liberalization, privatization and globalization. That is, when this came in the 90s, its post, that is, after that, its response has become less. A natural argument would be, therefore, that we should boost up investment in education in general and higher education in particular. So it has been said that in general, for education and particularly for higher education, you have to increase investment rather than going in for a further shrinkage in public expenditure and exorting the institutions of higher education to seek avenues for self-financing their educational events. It has been said that you should do it yourself. However, the worries of the MHRD, Ministry of Human Resource and Development, Government of India are amply reflected in the country paper presented at UNESCO conference on higher education. So at UNESCO conference, in the UNESCO of higher education, the MHRD told their worries. What did they tell? This one should have been the first one. Higher education in India is in deep financial strain. It was said that the status of higher education in India is in financial strain, that is, we are in the middle of the world. With escalating costs and increasing needs, on the one hand, shrinking budgetary resources and on the other hand, the budget is decreasing. The share of higher education, this is just data to understand, the share of higher education in total planned resources increased from 0.71% in the first five-year plan to 1.24% in the fourth five-year plan. That is, in the first Panchwarshi Yojana, the budget for higher education was 10-9-7 per edition, which increased in the fourth Panchwarshi Yojana to 1-2-4 per edition, but ever since. But after that, it is continuously decreasing. 0.53% in the seventh five-year plan, 0.35% in the eighth five-year plan. The actual expenditure has increased by more than 100 times, while the actual expenditure is increasing. It was in the first Panchwarshi Yojana, which was in the 15,000th Panchwarshi Yojana. Thus, although higher education in India is characterized by a massive public investment, this investment is still regarded as much below the optimum. Even now, we have increased a lot. We have increased a lot of investments, but when the public investment means government investments, it is still less. Now, this slide. Recently, major efforts have been mounted for mobilization of resources, and it has been recommended that while the government should make a firm commitment to higher education, institutions of higher education should make efforts to raise their own resources. By increasing this, the government is gradually increasing its expenditure. However, you should try to make high education institutions with higher education. How? raising the fee level. increase the fees. Encouraging private donations, those who have a lot of money, give them donations in CSR and by generating revenues. through consultancy, consultancy services, and other activities. Assertion has also been mooted for levine and educational success. It is clearly seen that if higher education has to be maintained and developed further, the government will have to step up measures for increasing self-reliance while providing a much more massive investment than either too. It has been said that our efforts are reducing, so you will have to go into self-finance. Then comes the idea of self-financing of higher education stems from the explicit financial difficulties. It has been said that we are being supported by the government. Why are we being supported by the government? This data is old but it is still there. 3.1 lakh teachers are being supported by higher education. This is a non-teaching counterpart. We have to pay salaries to everyone. If the productivity of a system, however large, is commensurate, with the cost of running that system, it should not cause much concern. It is being said that if the cost of running a system is increasing, even if there is no profit, there is no problem. However, when the dead weight of a system, which means the death toll, several times larger than its productivity, what does the death toll mean? It means that we are not producing anything productive. We are giving graduates, post graduates, they are not getting a job. Something is not going well. Everything is going wrong. So, to run that system, we need to demand support from outside. We need a lot of support from outside, so that it can be run. In the wake of privatisation, the government is going ahead with selling out public enterprises to private companies. So, when it comes to privatisation, the government is going ahead and it has started selling out public enterprises to private management. Now, let's talk about some committees. In the report of the CAVE Committee on Ganam Committee Report, in April 1992, it said, with regards to funds in universities, it said, it will not be possible for the state governments to find adequate resources. It said that for the state government, it is not possible for them to create resources to create endowment funds for each university. We create endowment funds for each university. Universities, however, should make effort. That is why the experts should try to raise their own resources so that they can develop their own world. But it must be ensured that there are no conditions such as preference in admission, etc. It said this, but you know that in self-financing courses, which are not admitted in marriage, but in paying capacity, which has that admission, raising of resources should not affect the academic standards and universities should lay down guidelines for this. It said that what you have to do in your society should not affect your academic standards and guidelines have been given for that. To encourage universities to raise resources, they should be allowed to retain the funds raised by them and they should not be deducted from block marks. It said that to provide it, the resources generated by you should not be deducted from your funds. Okay. Then the Punanya Committee, the UDC Funding on the Institution of Higher Education, said that higher universities should be encouraged to augment their resources for covering a larger proportion of costs of education than what prevails now. The increased burden must be borne only by this, must be borne mainly by those who can afford. They said that you can afford an optimum division between academic and non-academic costs should be right that will help in stabilizing the maintenance expenditure. They said that UDC