 Hi civil service friends. Today we are going to see a Yojana. First we need to understand why we need to study Yojana. So Yojana is a government publication. It is used by civil service aspirants for their preparations. But what is the objective of studying Yojana is the most important thing. Why we need to study Yojana is as a civil service aspirants. We always say is that you should be very objective. What is objective means the way you give your points should be based on information and analysis. For that only you get the best marks. For that purpose we always ask you to read Yojana. That is the first reason. Second reason is the persons who are writing the article in Yojana are the real experts and most importantly they have very good administrative experiences and you can see most of the time civil servants writing the articles there along with other personalities. So you get the first hand information about how the administration works. So all this information you can effectively use in your answer writing skills which fetches you good marks. So that is the purpose of going through Yojana. In Shankaray's academy we have created initiative where we take Yojana and find out the important articles of it and we are going to discuss the key points in the article and where you can use it. Where you can use it in your main examination interview if possible in plumes also and you also take some previous questions and see how to fit the answer for the questions. So this is the process we are going to do in the classes. Thank you. Okay we are going to start with April 2021 Yojana special issue Jalji one mission is regarding water. So in this Yojana what I suggest is whenever you study in Yojana for exam perspective before going to the articles what you can do is you go for editor's page that's the first two pages will be one page article will be written by the editor about this book which gives a glimpse of what the book contains. Sometimes that knowledge is enough to write an answer in UPSC means what do you call it as manageable answers. For in UPSC means and answer writing one is the answers which you know precisely you are able to write the answers that fetches you good marks and it's not possible in UPSC to write all the best answers for example if UPSC GS mains consists of 20 20 questions at the maximum around five to six questions you want to write some manageable answers. So based on time availability if you are not able to study the articles in Yojana just go through that it helps you to get a manageable answers okay very good enough answers. So right go through the chief editor's page in every Yojana that gives you outline of that particular article. So I enter a book so right now we are going for April 2021 Yojana so that's Jalji one mission okay before going with that we are also taking some UPSC questions 2015 general studies first paper question I'll read out the question and we have we hold the question right now and we go through the article so that we after finishing of that we relate this to the question so get a better understanding what are the use of that informations. So question is India's will end out with freshwater resources critically examine why it still suffers from water scarcity. So what are the crux of the question is India's abundant with the water but irony is still India have water scarcity critically examined so why this happens we are going to see it okay. So in this first article is we are going for water security so before starting with the term water security the term security is important here which can be equated with national security. So when it takes security this prefix we are attached with water right now so this can be internal security which is a paper right now you got then apart from this we have food security that is which includes nutritional security then we have cyber security social security so you can add prefixes like this one such thing is water security so how this information is useful is so whenever there is a question in essay regarding security or in that dimensions you should not always relate only with border management which can also be related in this perspective like cyber security social security food security internal security along with that water security is also on important dimensions. So that is the title of that article so we are just segregating few important paragraphs which may be useful for our exam preparations okay so in that dimensions I will just list out as paragraph one paragraph two for understanding purpose so we will start with paragraph one so I will just read out the information in that India constitutes 16 percentage of world's population but with only 4 percentage of world's world's water resources so they have given some facts here that is 16 percentage of population world population and 4 percentage of world's water resources so what is the use of this information so this information can be used in your mains answer writing any question regarding water so if a question is regarding water for example if a question is asked regarding Namamiganga project or any question regarding water resources you can start with this introduction which is more objective so you are conveying to the examiner that why we need to focus water so it's clearly shown in the facts 16 percentage of the population depending upon 4 percentage of water resources so that clearly indicates that so India need to focus on water conservation or interlinking of rivers any question regarding that dimensions you can write this is introduction okay along with that there's another facts given the total annual water available from precipitation India is about for 4000 cubic kilometers correct so total precipitation which includes what rainfall so this is a question at this point can be related with geography right so 4000 cubic kilometer surface water and reprehensible groundwater contributes to 1860 cubic kilometer but only 60 percentage of can be put into beneficial use which means double one double two cubic kilometers it is a utilizable water resource in India so out of this utilizable water resources that is one one double two cubic kilometer so this clearly indicates that though India is abundant with precipitation 4000 cubic kilometer what usable water is only 11 22 cubic kilometer here itself we can understand that lot of things are getting non usable what may be the reasons we'll see that okay so this is another factual information which can you using your answer writing stating that though India has so much of water still usable water is only minimal around 60 percentage is the usable water so that you can also use it in your answer writing how important India is to water conservation and focusing on water resources though we have abundance of rainfall still we have certain challenges in utilizing that water so that's the first paragraph these are first paragraphs entirely based on factual information to support your analysis in your answer writing any question regarding water resources you can use it there okay so paragraph two so I am in page number 12 so paragraph two so 2018 composite water management index 2.0 that it indicates that 21 major cities including Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad and others are racing to reach zero groundwater level by 2020 that is major cities zero groundwater level by 2020 affecting across over 100 million people the report also indicates that by 2030 countries water demand is projected to be twice the available supply implying severe water scarcity for 100 of millions of people which lead to 6 percentage loss in India's GDP so another important factor is 6 percentage GDP loss by 2030 so what the so what the paragraph twos says is in major cities in most of the metropolitan cities by 2020 it will reach to zero groundwater level zero groundwater level is nothing but we are going to hit the bottom so what what are the importance of this information this information can be used in multiple areas one such area is for example regarding urbanization as in India urbanization is picking up a lot and water is the basic resources for humans it clearly indicates that groundwater level is going to hit the rock bottom so another implied part is which we need to understand when you take cities especially coastal cities have another problem whenever this groundwater level is going to the bottom there is a greater chance that sea water can seep in so not only having not only having the problem of lack of water our next problem is starting in coastal cities is salt salty water so these are the other added points you can think of based on your understanding of the syllabus okay I'm just giving the added information so that can be related with urbanization any question regarding urbanization you can relate all those factors and this may be a factual information you can write in your answers along with that what are the impact on economy by 20 36 6 percentage of GDP loss due to water so water has a huge impact on the economy also so this is another important information you can write it in your answers regarding what are the challenges for economic development in India if that question is asked in GS papers you can relate with that aspects and you can write the point that 6 percentage of GDP loss by 2030 because of water issues okay so this is in page number 12 next we go for page number 13 so in page number 13 we'll put a paragraph one so paragraph two paragraph three paragraph four and paragraph five so in that paragraph one what water security is of paramount importance to ensure reliable access and sustainable availability of clean water in adequate quantity to the entire population so first we need to understand what this water security means what is water security reliable access these are the key terms here keep in mind and sustainable availability of clean water to entire population so these are the key terms here we need to understand so what is water security is first one is reliable access so that should be access to water so that is the most important character availability of water is not the only criteria that should be access to the water that's the most important that's a reliable one so 24 bar 7 that should be a water access water availability should be there and sustainable availability sustainability is nothing but throughout the season throughout the year it should be sustainable and clean water that is another most important criteria and for entire population so these are some of the keywords in that particular paragraph and what is water security is the term we can relate here but please understand this is not only related to water any basic resources you can relate here not only water you can relate with electricity or you can relate with for example health education you can take the key ideas of here one is reliable access sustainably available or clean water is very specific to this issue and entire population so this we call it as water security so this idea you can use it for health services education or electricity you can use anywhere it depends upon how you relate the points so any questions regarding these aspects of electricity for all or for example housing for all think in that dimensions and try to fit some points on that dimensions okay that's paragraph one the paragraph one is a very general one gives a holistic picture how to understand what is security aspect is okay and whereas paragraph two so India has made considerable progress especially in sustainable development goal six clean water and sanitation by constructing over 11 crore toils to become open defecation free in five years through switch bar at the beyond launched in 2014 so there are key informations here one is sustainable development goal six our next thing is so 11 crore toilets for open defecation free open defecation free through switch bar at a beyond launched in 2014 so sustainable development goals right now please go and check what are the important goals of sustainable development goals and you relate with our Indian constitution so whenever you want to write an introduction you can start with sustainable development goals that's a goal for the entire world nations the name itself is a sustainable development so in that sixth goal is very precisely related to clean water and sanitation in that dimension what India have done so they said that we are going to create open defecation free by five years from switch bar admission 2014 so this is the information which is given by constructing 11 crore toils this information given so where we can use this information sustainable development goal you can relate with our constitution especially DPSP and really find the relationship with between that and whenever you want to write an introduction you can write it in your GS polity also so regarding fundamental rights or DPSP is there any overlapping with sustainable development goals you just need to work on it and apart from this this open defecation free which clearly shows that India is very committed to clean environment so toilet is constructed based on this so this you can also relate with rural development also so our primary focus is given in rural areas so you can also relate with rural development this information you can relate with rural development though it's related to the topic of water security you can relate with rural development so that is the area where you can use in your points in your answer writing that's paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 so Namaami Ganga flagship program was launched in 2014 with a budget outlay of rupees 20,000 crore and the budget outlay is not required anywhere you doesn't need to write in your answers to accomplish twin objectives of effective abatement of pollution conservation and rejuvenation of national river Ganga and national Ganga council is chaired by Honorable Prime Minister working towards this goal of adopting river basin approach to promote intersectoral coordination for comprehensive planning and management and maintaining minimum ecological flow in the river Ganga to ensure water quality so what are the key points here first and foremost thing is Namaami Ganga flagship program so that was launched in the year of 2014 and what are the primary focus of this is one is regarding pollution control pollution control and next thing is conservation and rejuvenation rejuvenation of river Ganga so how it is being done again there are two ways one is river basin approach in planning and management because lack of space I'm writing like this and maintaining maintaining ecological flow minimum ecological flow so maintaining minimum ecological flow so what is the paragraph three main focus is right now we said that water is the most important aspect for our country's development so in that government is creating a new program called Namaami Ganga flagship program in 2014 and primary objective is pollution control conservation rejuvenation of river Ganga so where this you can use this information is this information can be used especially for river conservation any questions regarding river conservation you can use it and especially Ganges the most important river in India so what we are doing in that aspect you can also relate it for example biodiversity conservation so any question regarding biodiversity conservation in mains you can relate this point so that also helps in such a way that clean Ganga then along with that what are the measures being employed in this particular flagship program is one is river basin approach for planning and management this question can this point can be related with economics previously what happened with clean Ganga is it's more about state specific planning used where every state has their own way of making Ganga clean that was not effective because administrative boundaries never overlap with ecological boundaries so to avoid that under this new program they are going for river basin approach river basin approach means taking entire Ganges river basin as one unit of planning so here you can see you can see the change in planning approach this you can also use it in your economics answer writing regarding planning how in India planning has changed so we know that after LPGRA planning has changed from centralized planning to indicative planning all this information we know even I can also add this information especially for conservation of environment planning process has changed this is a unique point where examiner gets interested in reading your answers apart from this maintaining ecological flow of minimum level to ensure water quality so these are the two aspects in which this national tsunami Ganga flagship program works so here you can use it in multiple angles in your GS preparations okay that is paragraph three so paragraph four the efforts to ensure water security and effective governance has been doubled through the creation of ministry of Jalsakthi by 2019 okay so by emerging ministry of water resource river development and Ganga regeneration and ministry of drinking water and sanitation so Jalsakthi Abiyan a campaign for water conservation water security was launched 2019 to make water conservation yeah Jan Andolan through asset creation extensive communication so here paragraph four speak about creation of ministry creation of ministry that is by 2019 they created Jalsakthi ministry so that was the information and also Jalsakthi Abiyan so Jalsakthi ministry was created so where this information can be used is right now you can see that how change in the system especially right now water becomes a primary focus of the government so government is creating new ministries so any question regarding especially in polity how a government is responding for the changes happening in our environment what are the things being done so that you can relate with the creation of you can write this point as creation of ministry so that can be done so that government is focusing on institutional aspect mostly focusing on institutional aspect so they're creating a new institution that's called a ministry for water conservation so that is a point you can use it especially you can relate with polity and also you can relate with any question regarding water conservation and paragraph five water conservation and rainwater harvesting renovation of traditional methods and other water bodies reuse of water recharging of structures watershed development intensive of forestation so these are some of the measures for water security so this you can use it in your answer rating so what can be done for water security in India so stating with water conservation and rainwater harvesting you can take these points and explain these points so rainwater harvesting means what need to be done and for example recharging of structures watershed development intensive of forestation these are some of the points for water conservation so this is related to water security this you can also relate with urbanization relate with rural development wherever possible you can take these points and write the points it's not the entire points it's based on the requirement you can write it for example rainwater harvesting can be a good point for urban planning if any question is regarding urban planning urbanization what measures need to be done for urbanization water problem is one of the biggest problem in urban areas already we saw some facts for it so rainwater harvesting is one such solution so this is how we relate the points so you can relate with urbanization you can relate with rural development and water conservation measures what need to be done all these points you just need to explain so that's page number 13 so next we go for page number 14 so paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 so government launched gelgeven mission on india 73rd independence day to provide functional household tap connection at the rate of 55 liters per capita per day to every rural households by 2024 so paragraph again another factual information which says that and a gelgeven mission so functional household tap connections 55 liters per capita per day to every rural households by 2024 this is a factual information this is what promise a government make a promise to his people especially rural india they say that by 2024 they're going to give 55 liters per capita per day so it comes under gelgeven mission functional household tap connection so where we can use this information is one is regarding rural development how government is focusing on rural development you know that in india right now one of the biggest problem is rural to urban migration and we need to stop people in rural areas we need to provide lot of things in rural areas apart from economic opportunities this is one of the basic infrastructure that's clean drinking water so that is being promised by the government by 2024 they're going to do it so what are the importance of this information is it's not only regarding water if you take rural area water is linked with the culture how it is linked with the culture means in rural area water is the responsibility of women so women spend lot of time in water collection especially drinking water and most of the time is spent on that and taking care of the family needs so if this is being provided by the government lot of time will be there for women to focus on other areas here you can couple with skill india all those things so it gives a greater opportunity to be women part of our workforce and even reason current affairs all says that labor participation is very less in india one of the major reason is women and you know that women concentration is very very high in rural areas so you can relate all this information this one piece of information you can relate in different aspects for example women and economic activity any question regarding women and economic activity what need to be done rural development rural basic infrastructure you can use all this information and this is the promise made by the government by 2024 okay that's paragraph one and paragraph two at al bujal yojna so groundwater management scheme groundwater management scheme launched on 95th birth anniversary of former prime minister at al bihari watch pie on 20 on December 25 2019 the purpose of the scheme is to improve groundwater management in seven states so they are going to improve in seven states gujarat hariyana karnataka madhya pradesh madhya pradesh maharashtra rajasthan up with the total outlay of 6000 crores implemented over five years okay leave out the value of economics and seer so what a purpose of this particular the original is to improve the groundwater so here you can see that seven states are given gujarat hariyana madhya pradesh maharashtra and rajasthan in up so where we can use this information is one is regarding agricultural aspect you can use it for example hariyana or up which is an agriculture built and you know that groundwater exploitation happened a lot you can relate with that aspect also and you can write this information for agricultural improvement so any question regarding agricultural improvement what can be done you can relate this informations and groundwater management is the most important thing because for example you take gujarat karnataka and rajasthan is a desert a geographical aspect rajasthan is a desert area and water rainfall is very less there and groundwater need to be used effectively whereas gujarat and karnataka groundwater exploitation happens a lot so sea water can reside in so all this can be an information you can use it based on the requirement for example any question regarding rajasthan and desert this information can also be used similarly for agriculture so that's paragraph 2 in page number 14 next we go for page number 15 so in page number 15 paragraph 1 so paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 so paragraph 1 it's regarding railways so regarding railways what railways has done regarding for water security in the dimensions for example so railways has done this jaldul water trains said to drought hit areas of maharashtra so what is the purpose of railways so you can write all this information railways not only to connect people or especially for transportation of goods and minerals even that can be used in the time of water scarcity so this information you can use it in your answer writing the importance of railways right now privatization of railways happens you can use this information what are the importance of railways so you can give the different perspective of railways okay so that is one information second is new water policy launched for restoration of water bodies establishing water recycling plants rainwater harvesting efficient water use automatic coach washing plants these are all regarding railways what they have done regarding water dimensions okay very overlapping with other points also so next thing is paragraph 2 so in paragraph 2 we aim to train around 1 million okay nisgara rakshas nisgara rakshas that is volunteers volunteers for every village in the country these volunteers will be trained by 50,000 nisgara shikhas across the country and they will carry out various activities towards environmental conservation and water regeneration at the local level so we already saw that people participation is important for that government is creating such initiative nisgara rakshas there's a keyword you want to write in your answers which is most important thing and these volunteers are primarily focusing on water conservation so environmental and water conservation environmental conservation and water regeneration so these are the people in villages who are being trained for these two particular purpose so ultimately this becomes a people movement we already saw that the ministry of jalsakthi is one of the important focuses to make water conservation as a people movement right now this initiative is one such thing okay final last one paragraph 3 nature protector app so this app there's nothing but use of technology here how technology is used in water conservation or water security so technology is being used for water conservation or water security nature protected app has been designed to help any conscious citizen to participate in the nature conservation campaign participating in the environment will be able to combine time-tested experience and consistent entrepreneurship so this app is especially focusing on participation of citizens especially in nature conservation so this technology is being leveraged for water conservation or water security so this information you can use it in role of technology in sustainable development so role of technology regarding water security so you can relate in this information dimensions okay so these are some of the important information in this particular news article water security okay I think you're able to get a hold of it so I already we already have questions on the starting of the video so that question says that India's well endowed with freshwater resources critically examined why it still suffers from water scarcity so for the first statement India's well endowed with freshwater resources so what you can do in this information is so we can go for that first paragraph of our news article water security where we have the total precipitation, utilizable water and all these facts you can write it in your answers to show that India's well endowed with freshwater resources freshwater resources also includes rivers, groundwater, rainfall you can include all those things this factual information can be a statement in your answers which clearly shows to the examiner that you understood the statement okay so along with this you can also add about the monsoons you can also add about rivers lakes what we have all in two two paragraphs at the maximum three lines each you can write all these things so this information you can use to this particular question the first statement and critically examined why it still suffers from water scarcity here the focus of the question is though we have so many resources freshwater resources why in India we are facing water scarcity how this news article can be used as though this news article is not directly related to the second question but if you think you can find answer from this article how we can find the answer from this article is the term if you take this term water scarcity for water scarcity only this article says what are the measures taken in the system so what are those measures so one such example is i'll give one six example is Namami Ganga flagship program is one such example similarly creation of ministry is one such example ministry of Jalshakti is one such example and changing the planning from state specific to river basin that is one such aspect and water conservation measures are being taken and similarly you can also relate with atal bujal yojana or you can relate with the functional water taps these are all the initiatives taken by the government to address water scarcity so why this happens if you're able to find that reasons that may be the answer for this question critically examined why it still suffers from water scarcity for this what are the points you can add is for example you can even start with this so though we have total precipitation of 4,000 cubic kilometer only 1120 to cubic kilo kilometers it will utilizable one around 60 percentage utilizable one that can be the first point why we still we have water scarcity and apart from this the second paragraph we can say about urbanization is one of the important reasons large population residing on urban areas that put greater pressure on water and there's a water scarcity that is the information already given there so that can be you add on that and apart from this though we have water availability of water is there accessibility to water is not there so that can be a water scarcity situation and if we take this Namami Ganga flagship program they have given the objective of pollution control and conservation why they have given the objective of pollution control and conservation that was lacking so though we have water pollution level is very high so that may be a reason for water scarcity and even though we have water we are not conserving the water that can also be a point I'm saying for this question critically examined why it still suffers from water scarcity so these informations what are the measures taken by the government for water security is nothing but the answer to the question of water scarcity though we have the resources why in India we have water scarcity along with that we don't have ministry this was a question asked in 2015 and we create the ministry by 2019 so this clearly shows that government is moving in the right direction so we don't have a specific ministry for water so along with other objectives we have a ministry there is no specific ministry that was created in 2019 correct so you can write if you're writing the answer in 2015 you can say that there is no specific ministry for water that may be one of the reason because that cannot be any policy directions so similarly what you can also write is technology is not being used so technology was not used for not in leverage for water water conservation or water security and similarly people involvement was not there there's all the points you can add for this critically examined why it still suffers from water scarcity and have we got that information is by reading this article and we are just going in the backward direction why government has taken all this measure there were some problems that problems is nothing but the answer to the question and we are doing in a hindsight hindsight is nothing but post-mortem we are doing based on the questions and relating the article I hope that you are able to understand this particular news article how it is helpful in our UPSC mains preparations and also we have just took some questions and we are also adding some of the questions here so UPSC question of 2015 what we discussed in 2016 also a question is there you can try out try out the answers and the description we have given the mail IDs can write the answers and post to that mail ID and we'll give you a feedback to you thank you