 So there's some really important characteristics of laminar flows in terms of sediment transport and their deposits. So with a laminar flow, specifically we can talk about ice here, the sediments of any grain size are transported downstream by the, and with the ice crystals, right? And so the flow speed has no influence on which grains can be transported. And like with the Holsterm diagram, with the turbulent flows where the grain size that's transported varies with the flow speed. That's true, the Holsterm diagram for water which we've been using is true for air, it's true for turbulent fluids, but not for laminar flows, right? So a really important key point is that there's no dependence between the flow speed and grain size. As you start getting to transitional flows, there can be some dependence, and then if you have high density flows where the grains are colliding against each other, you can get some grain sorting as well, but that's usually more in the transitional zone of the flows. So the second thing is that because the grains are all traveling parallel to each other, they don't get organized into bed forms like ripples and dunes the way they do in a turbulent flow. So if we think about ice flowing over rock again, so we have our ice flowing here, at the bottom of the bed, first of all the grains stay in suspension in the ice, some of them will be down near the bottom here, and they'll be drug along. And maybe there will be some irregularity that isn't abraded away yet, right? The grains can come here, but in general they're trying to flow up and over this irregularity with the ice. So you can get some deformation associated with irregularities, but there are never ripples or dunes. And the key thing to think about with that is that to get the ripples and dunes you have to have sort of the self-organization and interaction between grains and the flow where the grains are moving at different speeds on the upstream side of the ripple and the downstream side, here all the grains are moving together with the ice. So one of the key aspects is that there's no cross stratification deposited from laminar flows. So ice does melt into liquid water, and liquid water will transport the sediment and can create that cross stratification. But if you see cross stratification in a rock, it was not, that cross stratification did not form in the laminar flow itself. So this is true of laminar flows in addition to ice, say for example mud flows or debris flows which can have a very high viscosity. There's no dependence between the flow speed and the grain size if it's truly laminar and there's no cross stratification. If cross stratification is associated with the flow, it was deposited from a turbulent flow associated with the laminar flow, like for example the liquid water melting from ice or sometimes in a mud flow, liquid water will flow out from between the mud grains. Thanks for watching.