 I'd like to say a few words about our place in the universe, but before I can go into that in depth, we have to talk about a couple of things, because the universe is big. It's huge on a scale that defies human comprehension. The planets, the distance between stars, the distance between galaxies is so enormous that we can't use regular measurement systems to even talk about these structures. But also, the universe is in motion, still buzzing 13.8 million years after the Big Bang. So when we have this discussion, we don't talk about our exact place in the universe, but instead we talk about our relative place, because we are always in motion, and we can tell where we are compared to other things. So in order to have this discussion tonight, I'm going to break the universe into five levels of scale that will make it easier for us to understand when we look up in the sky what exactly we're looking at. So we'll start simple here at Stylen. Here we are sitting in a very stable spot. Compared to the city of Munich, we're at rest. But in fact, at this moment, we are all moving in that direction, which is east, at 1,000 kilometers per hour. Now the good news is the building moves with us, so are the cars, the streets, the air, everything is moving that way, because every 24 hours, we, relative to the center of the Earth, of our Earth's axis, make a 24-hour journey at a very high speed. In fact, the distance is quite fast. We live here north of the equator, 48 degrees north, and at this latitude, we're going to move in the next 24 hours about 24,000 kilometers. Now the next level of scale up from here is to go up to the solar system. To look at the Sun, and then the system that we are in, which is the Earth and the Moon, moving as a unit around the Sun. So when we get to this level here, now things are going to change a touch. We are 150 million kilometers from the Sun. And those of you that can do a little bit of math will know that that comes out to 950 million kilometers once around the Sun. Will you travel that distance, of course? Every year. And if you take that and you break it down into the amount that we're moving right now, our system is traveling at 100,000 kilometers per hour. 100 times faster than we're moving around on the surface of the Earth. That helps us to get a sense of that scale. Now before we can go to level 3 in our discussion, I want to clarify a particular topic. And that topic is the light year. Now you being a crowd that's interested in science, you've probably heard of the light year before, but I'd like to say if you think about that, because a light year is not a measure of time. It's a measure of distance. It's a measure precisely of how far light travels in one year. So let's think about this. If we're standing here at the Sun, and a photon of light now emerges from the surface of the Sun and begins moving at the speed of light, that photon will travel for a little more than 8 minutes to reach the Earth's surface. Now I just said a moment ago that the Earth is 150 million kilometers from the Sun. The speed of light, 300,000 kilometers per second. If you divide this by this, you're going to get, but it takes about 8 and a third minutes for that photon of light to get to the Earth. So you can even think of this as distance. You could say that we here on Earth are 8 and a third light minutes from the Sun. That's a distance measurement. Now if that same photon of light keeps traveling after one day, after 24 hours, that photon of light will now be in interstellar space. That is to say it will have left the solar system and will be on its way to the next star. So a light day, you're out of the solar system. After 365 of those, there is your light here. If you go another 4.4 of those, you're going to get to the next nearest star system to the Earth, which is called Alpha Centauri. So that little photon of light took 4.4 years. And in that time, because one light year is 10 trillion kilometers, we can say it traveled 44 trillion kilometers, which is a big mouthful. Or it traveled 4.4 light years. Got it? So the bottom line is a light year is a measure of distance. And from this point forward, I'm only going to talk about light years because that's going to be pretty important at level 3, which is when we talk about a galaxy. And in fact, I'll focus in on our own Milky Way galaxy, where we live. Now, a galaxy is a massive collection of stars that are bound together gravitationally. And in our case, our galaxy has about 250 billion stars. And the distances are vast. From one end to the other, 100,000 light years. I just said a moment ago, Alpha Centauri, 4. Right? So here we are 25,000 times that distance across our galaxy. So here we are. That would be our sun. That's going around, including here. And in fact, there's motion because galaxies, as you can see our Milky Way is a spiral galaxy. It has these beautiful spiral arms. We're all moving. We meaning the Earth, the sun, the solar system. All the stars you can see in the sky tonight. Everything is moving in this beautiful grand cosmic dance that takes 200 million years to traverse once around the center of our own Milky Way galaxy. That's the motion happening at the Galactic Wall. Now, hundreds and hundreds of years ago, the early astronomers thought, well, we're in a galaxy, so it seems a lot of stars. There might be more, but they had no way to prove it. That proof didn't come until just one or two years ago when Edwin Hubble was able to discern with very powerful telescopes. And in fact, we can also see objects that are much, much more distant than 100,000 light years. And as soon as we began to spot those with the better telescopes so that we could quickly determine that there were not a few, not hundreds of thousands, but just an enormous number of galaxies that we could see in the night sky. But the astronomers also discovered that in fact these galaxies come in clusters. They group together, gravitation, and then there is a vast empty space and then the next galaxy cluster. And that takes us to the next level and our little journey into the local Galactic Group. That's our own group. This is our Galactic Neighborhood, so to speak. And this is a pretty big structure, so in order to make sense of this, 10 million light years across. Now that is, think back to the Milky Way, one galaxy, 100,000 light years, and now we've gone up by a factor of 100. So here's our Milky Way galaxy. And in fact, once again, we're not sitting still. We're all buzzing around in motion. And the motion that we have today is taking us in the direction of the Andromeda Galaxy, which you can see over there on the lower right. The Andromeda Galaxy is the biggest galaxy in our local Galactic Group. There's 54 galaxies. Andromeda is number one, number two. We're up to 30 sides of Andromeda heading toward, and in fact in four and a half billion years, we're going across. Now, it goes further or not yet at the top level because in more recent years, in just the last couple of decades, our ability to analyze these distant galaxies got even better. And astronomers at the University of Hawaii did a study of 8,000 galaxies and began to look at the motion of all those galaxies. So 8,000 galaxies encompasses a lot more than just our local group. It was all around our section of the universe. And in doing this analysis, what they discovered is what they call a superstructure. And they named Lani Akiya, which is Hawaiian, because well, they're at the University of Hawaii. And Lani and Akiya means enormous heaven. It's a beautiful name, isn't it? And this Lani Akiya superstructure, they saw something interesting happening because it wasn't just lots of galaxies out there in our neighborhood in the universe. But in fact, there was a motion, there was a movement connecting all these galaxies. That's why they call it a superstructure. And that motion, in fact, by the way, I would say Lani is across, Lani is across, so we're talking about big distances. There's our local group. Here we are. This is to the next level. All of these galaxy clusters are in motion when they map the motion. This is an image now of, you see these thread-like lines with arrows that are pointing in. In fact, all of the galaxies are moving. We're up here in one of the threads, but we all are moving in the direction of something that they have named the Great. And what is the Great Attractor? We're sure we'll discover even greater superstructures. So that brings us to the universe, or more precisely said, the observable universe. In all of its glory here, 46 million light-years that we have identified and documented. But we say the observable universe because that's what we can see, only perceived in the realm of science things that we can see and measure. But what we know is that beyond this border there are further distances that are yet to be explored. Given today's technology, they will remain out there and explored for the time being. Now, you don't have to take all this, because I'm saying it, I'll take my word for it. In fact, you can go outside and see this. So this is a little diagram from an astronomy that I use in my laptop. It's called sky safari. And many of you on your mobile phones probably have different kinds of astronomy maps where you can map what the sky looks like in a given night in a given place. And I put this up with a view to the south to give you a little tour of these superstructures and these structures we can see then right here. For example, when you look to the south, you can find Jupiter in Saturn, Pluto, Uranus, Neptune, and the Moon. And they all follow along a path in the sky that's called the Ecliptic. That is to say, when you look out into the sky and you follow this path, what you're doing is you're looking into our own solar system. And now, if we have a little bit of a darker sky, because this is, of course, a map, I think it would look if it was a bit darker outside, and you go from the southwest of the sky up to the northeast, there's this beautiful fuzzy band of light. And that's our own Milky Way. That's us in our Milky Way galaxy looking out at it on the edge. And if you go a step further, when you look a little bit more to the northeast, you're going to spot Andromeda. The Andromeda Galaxy. That is to say, our big brother, if you will, here on our local galactic group up there in that part of the sky. And so everything we are here is in the Milky Way and we can look out there and say, another big galaxy out there. And because we live in the northern hemisphere, we can't see all the stars in the night sky. We're limited. But if we could travel south of the equator, we could go down, if you're in South America, Australia, you could then spot a constellation called Centaurus. And when you're looking in that direction, you just have to know and trust that what you're looking at is the direction of the Great Attractive, that place that is drawing all of the stars, the galaxies, the galaxy groups from the Andromeda to some direction. So why am I telling you all of this tonight? First of all, we are privileged people. We stand on the shoulders of the giants who came before us, Newton and Galileo and Copernicus and Hubble and the scientists at the University of Hawaii. Those who have shown us the breadth and extraordinary depth of our universe have given us a gift and we can celebrate that for we as a people have more knowledge about our own cosmos than anybody in the history of humankind. But the second reason and the deeper meaning for me is that we can go outside and look up and see and understand in the universe and having this knowledge enables us to better appreciate that we are just but one people traveling together through the universe on planet Earth. What's your question in the second row of the intro? That was very inspiring. One question. We can't remember correctly one of the scientific video clips on YouTube channel Cruise Design. So it was mentioned that extra stellar objects are moving away from each other outside of the universe from the feedback center. And at some point the distance between the objects was so large that the light even if so many people across the universe were really impermanent in all this darkness and space. On the other hand you're saying all the bodies are moving into the center of the universe. So how does it work? So yeah, so the basic is this and then we can give you a quick answer the long answer is during the beach break. The quick answer is this everything in the universe is expanded, right? And we have dark matter and dark energy we don't fully understand but we know that there is these forces that are pushing us away. What the scientists at the University of Hawaii did with the 8,000 galaxies they studied is they normalized for that movement. And they said if you ignore that movement which is a macro movement across the entire universe and just localized on the modern region then they saw if you will a macro effect on top of the general expansion. So it's like if everyone's running away but they're all running in one direction and they're running away from the agenda but they're kind of in one path that's the nature of money. And where's the cube? The microphone cube. Okay, there's another question just behind the camera. Would you mind if we throw it in? Can you catch it? Marcus will catch it. He's tall. Okay, there we go. On this slide we highlighted the convergent lines to the great attractor. There were also different lines converging in different cases. What were those? So at the same time that we've now discerned that we have a Laniakia on that very image on the left and on the right there were actually two other superstructures. We haven't fully mapped those yet but what we do know is that they're not Laniakia. So we know that there's another superstructure here and there's another one over here and I think it was called Peresius or something like that. Yeah, it's another one over here. So there are two more that we've identified but we haven't mapped them fully yet. Yeah, so there... I have confidence that if we get together in this room in 20 years and redo this talk we're going to know a lot more stuff about those other things, right? Okay, so for my question if you share some light how do you actually measure the distances on the supervaster level? It's really interesting so what are the challenges or in general what are the processes of sexual understanding in terms of huge space? On average when you're measuring distance in the universe, particularly when you get to these extremely distant objects let me flip it around. When things are close to us we can measure we're traveling a very long distance 150 million kilometers around, so 300 million kilometers end every year on the Earth and when we look at a distant object we look at what's called parallax, right? Because if we're here then we move over here six months later we measure the same spot we can say, looks like it shifted, that's parallax. So for objects that are relatively near in the galaxy we can use that method. Because as mentioned because we are moving apart from each other for the most part we can say, well the distance to Andromeda 2.4 million light years we see this much redshift if we see even more when you get further out to these more distant objects we can then estimate the distance out to those further objects. There's more to it than that but that's the quick version. Thank you very much.