 It's time for the Lawn Jean Chronoscope, a television journal of the important issues of the hour, brought to you every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, a presentation of the Lawn Jean Wittner Watch Company, maker of Lawn Jean, the world's most honored watch, and Wittner, distinguished companion to the world honored Lawn Jean. Good evening. This is Frank Knight. May I introduce our co-editors for this edition of the Lawn Jean Chronoscope. Mr. William Bradford Huey, author and analyst, and Mr. Hardy Burt, author and correspondent. Our distinguished guest for this evening is Dr. Howard Russ, chairman of the American Korean Rehabilitation Commission. Dr. Russ, we're fortunate this evening in that you have just returned from Korea, and you can give us a first-hand report on some of those, some of the interesting things there. First of all, our viewers are most interested about the prospects for peace in the audience, or how do you feel yourself about the prospects for peaceful settlement? Well, I'm not an expert in that line, but it certainly is very heartening to me. It seems to me that this is one step that we must make. And in my own heart, I can't help but feel hopeful about it. Well, sir, you of course are a famous doctor and one of the most famous people in the country regarding rehabilitation work, because you've visited so many nations for our own country. But first of all, sir, what can you tell our viewers about the medical care of our own GIs in Korea? Well, I am particularly interested in that because having served in the Air Force in the last war and still being in the medical service, I had an opportunity to visit a number of our military hospitals in Korea, and never in the history of the world have soldiers gotten as good care, as prompt care, with as low mortality rates, and as little suffering. Have we improved over our medical techniques in the Second World War? Oh, very definitely. Our record is very much better. And especially the air evacuation with helicopter and plane and hospital ships, hospital trains, and trained mobile surgical units right behind the lines, and then back to Tokyo where everything is available. The soldier who's hit on the front lines now in Korea has the best chance of surviving that he's ever had, that anybody's ever had in any war. Doctor, since you just came back from Korea, there have been, you can give us a little report on this, perhaps. I know that you say you're not a military expert, but you must have observed something there. There have been quite a lot of reports about an ammunition shortage over there, which would be a very serious thing, of course. Did you see any signs of an ammunition shortage while you were in Korea? Well, I can only quote General Maxwell Taylor on that particular point, and at dinner some two weeks ago, he said this. He said, I have never known a commander who had enough ammunition. Ammunition is like money in the bank. You spend it when you need it. He said, I have all that I need to spend, and plenty in reserve for any foreseeable contingents. Well, that's a real issue right now. There's a second big issue in this country today, so far as Korea is concerned. The thought of the South Koreans backing up the American troops, what kind of soldiers do you think they'll make? Oh, observation. Then I can speak very forcibly on. I don't think many people realize the tremendous tempo of training that's going on in the Rock Army in Korea at the present time. We have 16 service schools in Korea. We have a little Fort Benning and a little Fort Knox in the medical service school, and the tempo of training is tremendous. And these boys, when they go to the front now, you remember in the early days of the war, they were going up with only five days of training. Do the American troops themselves have confidence in the South Korean troops, the soldiers? Terrific. In many of the squads up front, there are two Korean boys and the American squads, and they're on the buddy system. And I heard a number of officers told me that the Koreans were so accurate with their artillery that very often our troops ask that their artillery support come from their Korean comrades. Well, Dr., of course, the purpose of your mission to Korea was to lay plans for the rehabilitation of the civilian population of Korea. Is that correct? That's right. Our mission went over to see what the needs were, and we knew before we went that they were great, but we had no idea until we saw how great. Can you illustrate for our viewers, sir, can you tell us something about the extent of civilian suffering in Korea? Well, of course, you know, first Korea's been fought over five times. 600,000 houses have been destroyed. There are 100,000 counted orphans. There are 7 million refugees. Speaking of those orphans, I've seen pictures in various magazines and in the press about these homeless rapes by the roadside that the soldiers would pick up. Are there many of these stray children there? There are a good many, especially in the refugee centers like Busan. There's a tremendous health problem in Korea, and the first place I'd like to say that I think they've done the greatest public health job under the greatest odds in modern history. Typhoid, malaria, typhus, smallpox are all under control. Berkulosis is a great problem. There's been no great epidemics. No, but seven and a half percent of the population have tuberculosis. That's the 1,600,000 people, and 400,000 are acutely ill with tuberculosis and no hospital beds. There are only 850 trained Korean doctors in civilian life today for 19 million people. That's one for every 23,000. Is our military organization able to assist the civilian population in giving medical assistance? They've done a wonderful job. There isn't a clinic or I mean a clinic for Korean civilians that our doctors don't go and work after hours. They come in our hospitals when beds are available. Now a training program has been set up for young rock army surgeons. Half the teaching in the medical schools are being done off hours by American doctors. I was in one briefing with a two-star general, and at five o'clock a major got up in the back and held up his hand. He said, may I be excused? And the general said, yes, what for? He said, I have to go and teach my class the medical school. He said, you're excused. When he went out, he said that man has taught a class every day from five to six, five days a week for over eight months and never missed a day. How about the individual GIs? Do they recognize the plight of the South Koreans and try to help them out in an individual way? That was one of the most moving things that you see in Korea. They feel toward them as their comrades in arms. They recognize their plight. There is an outfit over there that doesn't have an orphanage or a hospital or a group of orphans or somebody. They're helping. One of the biggest sales items in the PX today are care packages of powdered milk and powdered eggs, specially made up so the GIs can buy them and give them to the Koreans. Well, and this is sort of a new precedent really because historically, armies have never gotten along with civilian populations, particularly foreign armies. Now, would you say these people are getting along well? The GIs are getting along very well with the South Korean people? Remarkably well, and I think I know a lot. In many ways, they're like us. They're rugged individuals. They're tall, strong people. Someone has said that they're the Irish of the Orient. I told that to a Korean friend. He said, you're mistaken. He said, the Irish are the Koreans of Europe. To me, they're sort of a mixture between the Irish and the Finns. They're rugged individuals and real tough fighters, but our boys respect them and they respect also their problems. Well, our people, perhaps seeing the Koreans in the newsreels, they don't seem to be suffering in the way manner that we've seen other people suffering. Is there any explanation for that, sir? Well, one physician said that you can't diagnose malnutrition unless you strip the patient and you see children in these refugee camps with their cute round faces. You don't recognize the fact that under the rags, they just have a wisp for legs and arms. Well, doctor, you, of course, are making a report on your observations. Now, can you give us some indication of the recommendations you're going to make for relieving this suffering? Well, in the American Korean Foundation, and that's the hyphenated word is both Americans and Koreans, we hope to sort of be the yeast in the bread to be helpful in stimulating and working with some of the United Nations programs, the missionary programs. They've done a terrific job in Korea and the other relief programs. While we were there, we established a rehabilitation center for amputees working with you're supplying them artificial limbs, things that are our foundation is going to supply them trained teachers. The Rock Army are going to furnish the prosthesis in the beginning, the Rock Government, the Rice and Ankara, the teachers and the vocational schools and all together with this team now we we're on the road. What is the principal need for helping these people outside of the fact that it does come from the heart and we always want to help people that are suffering? Well, I think that primarily the American people will want to help because I think that's the best way they can back up the GIs. One boy in the hospital told me that I told my folks not to send me any more food packages. We have plenty of food here and I can get ice cream and anything I want, but send me things that I can help my Korean friends with. I think that's number one and I think this has to be a warm program, a person to person sort of thing because I think that's the way we feel. You see American organizations adopting orphanages and that sort of thing over there. Well, I've talked to two or three meetings, my own staff, the hospital yesterday and the little church I go to in West Chester the day before and both of them want to take an orphanage, the hope of the future of Korea and I think in not an insignificant degree in the free world of the Korean children, most wonderful, eager kids that I ever saw any place. And do you foresee for our viewers who may be interested in this program, sir, just how can they help the individual American? Well, I think 10 cents a day will give a Korean child an additional addition to his diet that makes it adequate. 40 cents will take care of an orphan and feed and clothe and educate him. $200 a year will put a Korean youngster through college. I mean, that's the sort of thing that when I talk about a warm program and I think people will want to know. Well, I'm sure that our viewers appreciate these expressions from you, sir, and thank you for being with us. Thank you. The opinions that you've heard our speakers express tonight have been entirely their own. The editorial board for this edition of the Longeen Chronoscope was Mr. William Bradford Huey and Mr. Hardy Burt. Our distinguished guest was Dr. Howard Rusk, Chairman of the American Korean Rehabilitation Commission. In England, as in America, Longeen is famous as the world's most honored watch. 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