 I got my PhD in 1960, had a couple of babies, and then in 1963 I was involved in a pilot approach to agricultural and rural development. It was done in six villages about the heads of Laguna. And so in the beginning, when you're in your PhD, you think you're better than anybody else, and you think you know more than anybody else. So when they were asking me to join them, I said, no, no, no, I'm not interested. And of course they can ask you two or three times after that, they don't ask you anymore. So I said, the world is passing by, and I'm not in it. I decided I want to, I want to be a part of it. So I was in charge of the research and evaluation component of the project, and it was implemented by the Farm and Home Development Project at UPLB. And this had quite a bit of Ford Foundation and Cornell component in it. So rice is something that I was really interested in. I don't know why, perhaps it's because it's something that we eat every day. We can't do without. And it's something that you find in both rich and poor. And you can't ignore it. It's always there, no matter what happens. It's always there. If it's not there, you better find it. So that's my, and more than that, in agriculture, rice can be grown at that time, six months. Of course, now it's, I think now it's about 120 days, so it's about four months or less. So you know, you can easily see the product within that period. But most of all, it is a product of science that has reached the farthest corner of this country. There are not many products of science that have touched the common man, as much as rice and I think vaccines. So this is terribly important to me. In the beginning, I wasn't sure that having an institute like this within the neighborhood of UPLB, which was so poor at that time, the controls were so great. I remember very well. I think it was a secretary of education who visited the area and said, I cannot see the connection between the manu plant rice and each rice in these fantastic buildings. Because at that time, this was just a standout compared to UPLB, at that time the housing was terrible at UPLB and all that. And then, of course, there were a lot of critics and people who said, if they just give us the money we can do it. That was the thinking and the thinking also was that the Filipino rice scientists were not given as much credit. Well, I was a visiting professor at Cornell when the new rice varieties was released. Before that, I gave a seminar in the International Agriculture Development Program and I was saying that farmers will not adopt these new varieties because they were cadillac varieties compared to what farmers were using. And of course, he heard about it and some of them were upset. Why is he saying that? Then I came home. And that was 1967. So that's when I got involved with Rande and all that. So then when I saw how farmers have responded, then that was how I produced all in a grain of rice, the book. And that book, people asked me, why wasn't it published by Erie? I said, I did not want Erie to publish it. Because at that time, you know, the miracle rice was very controversial and if I say positive things about it, they would think it's because Erie paid for the book and I want to maintain the independence of the book. And at that time, when the controversy was raging, you would have journalists, you would have economists, what have you, coming to Erie. But Erie didn't know. After they visited Erie, they would go to me to ask me, find out what I have to say. Am I saying the same thing that Erie scientists said? So that was the time when I had written the book. And as I mentioned once, the grant to write that book was $3,000, believe it or not, during that time. And it was given by Ford Foundation. And Ford Foundation said, well, if she's going to write about Erie, Erie varieties, why couldn't Erie pay for it? And I said, no, I don't want Erie to pay for it. And so Matt then he said, we've got to get some contribution from Erie. So that was when Randy said, we'll set aside $3,000 for you to travel to the other international centers. So it will not be for the book, but for that. But I never spent that money because then our project needed more money. And I said to Randy, why don't you use that money to cover our further needs? So that's how it came out. So I spent, I think, 18 months writing this book. And it was not difficult to do because all my graduates did it. And everybody else in campus in Dilwan, they were all writing about the impact of the Green Revolution. So it was easy to put things together. So that was it. And then I think it was, when they needed very much someone who would develop the gender, the women in rice farming systems program, Tina DeBede was the head of socioeconomics and said, Elio, why don't you spend some time with us? Then Swaminathan talked me into it. It's hard to say no when Swaminathan. So I did develop the framework and traveled a great deal to these different countries to find out what the prospects are and I developed the program and now we are going to proceed. Then during the time of Lampi, I knew Lampi before he came to Erie. So he would invite me to come over to the EPS, some things that are bothering him or what. He would call me and we will talk about it because he knows I will say it straight. I may be wrong, but I'll always be honest. So we could exchange views very, very frankly. And so he said, why don't you really spend time here? Because he found out I was about to retire. And I said, you don't have to pay me to get my input. And then he looked at me and said, are you rich? I said, no, I'm not. OK, then it's all settled, he said. But I said, I have a commitment. Even before I retired, I already had the commitment to go to Stockholm for about three months or so to evaluate the program of the International Foundation for Science. So I said, I have to wait a year before I could join you. But I said, any time you can call me. So that started it. So a year after my retirement, I came here. I think in terms of the scientific and research experience, EER ranks at the top. And now that's partially a consequence of my being here as a scientist and researcher. There's nothing more exciting than being a scientist and researcher. I mean, it's like playing roulette. And you get paid for it. You know, it's incredible that you go out there and you place your bet. You put your plots in, you have your hypothesis, and you find out that it works, damn it. This is so exciting. I mean, I remember when we had the Typhoon Didang and there was so much flooding that the Ministry of Agriculture tried to develop, asked us to develop a technique for growing a 70-day rice crop because so much of the season had been lost. And by double transplanting and so on, we managed to do this. It was basically placing a bet that this would work. We'd done some research on it before. We'd never really put it all together. We couldn't test it anymore because there was no time for it. We had to just go with it and it worked. It gave them at least about an 80% of the yields that they used to have. The excitement of conducting research is not enough talked about. Scientists have pretty dour, you know, but it is a very, very exciting existence. So that's a highlight. And as I mentioned, the other highlight, the best job in the system, in my opinion, instead of research or director of research, it's tough on people and it's tough on the people's side. You've got to interact and deal with an incredible amount of interpersonal problems among scientists and between the direction and scientists and so on. So that's a very tough part. But I think it is an extremely rewarding position. I think back to my dad's last years. He died October 20, 1988, just shy of his 88th birthday. And he continued to be interested, you know, very much interested in what was going on at the centers. And I hear a lot of discussion going on now about what are the future challenges to the centers. And he had three things that he saw as long-term concerns. The first was, where would they get the right kind of director generals? And who were they? Initially, of course, the first several were Americans. Most of them have been at least Western trained. In some of his conversations with the staff, Asian, American, and every other nationality, there was a feeling that at least the next director general, at the time he was part of the selection process, probably should be another Westerner. But he envisioned the need for the right kind of men or women to head up a growing number of institutes. And he was concerned about where they were going to come from. The second thing he was concerned about was political pressure. He saw a couple of institutes being created in areas and in subject matters where he felt the return on the investment would be very low and that they were created because that part of the geographic region said, we've got to have one. And that they would not stay focused. And the third was the lack of the how do you keep the kind of focus you had when you had one of each kind and a director general out in the field as you grew bigger and spread out more thinly and became more bureaucratic. He had a lifetime horror of bureaucracy and what he could do to stop progress. This is one he was made a fellow of the American Farm Economics Association in 1966. This is the last paragraph. Professor Hill was best known among graduate students for his colorful metaphors, his ability to anticipate questions and even to formulate an answer almost before a question was completed. He is best at his best in informal discussions, talking with Frosty Hill as a stimulating to colleagues as to graduate students because of his quick mind, enthusiasm, and sense of humor. He combines an unusual degree of keen analytical mind with the colloquial expressions, common sense and pragmatism characteristic of the American frontier. In 1998, as I was becoming familiar with Rice, it was obvious that Rice is clearly a public sector activity. Now, that does not take into account clearly all of the equipment and processing that was done by the private sector. In terms of developing technologies, clearly the private sector was involved in that. But in terms of the germplasm and primarily the agronomic research that would have been associated with germplasm, there was not a lot of private sector involvement. I'm not going to say there was none, but if you looked at where most of the technologies came from, they would have come from the public sector. My concern for Rice in this area is that with the decline in funding from the public sector, if you looked at other commodities, for example, as public sector funding went down, private sector funding went up such that if you looked at the producer, he wasn't being shortchanged in terms of product. In other words, when I started to school in the 60s, all of the major Midwestern universities had a corn breeding program. Now maybe two of them do. Maybe three. But yet the farmers still have a wide array of germplasm products coming out every year and new ones from the private sector. Now, are we going to have that in Rice? In other words, as public sector funding goes down, is the public sector going to step forward? And that's a real issue. Now one of the things that has intrigued me about hybrids is I thought this would be a way for the private sector to get involved in Rice. So there are a lot of issues surrounding hybrid Rice. In other words, I mean, there are problems that you have in Rice that you don't have in sorghum, maize and other hybrid products in terms of the heterosis, in terms of the production systems, the sterility systems and stuff, are more complicated than, for example, maize. I think it would be great if hybrids were successful, because this is clearly something that will draw in public sector, I mean private sector support. And all of a sudden, you will start having products, research and products being done by the private sector on Rice germplasm. The hybrid Rice program was being explored at an exploratory stage between 1980 to 82. It was, we will recall the experience that during the Board of Trustee Meeting, the chairman of the board would come normally about a couple of days before, like on Friday and spend the weekend here when the board meeting starts on Monday. And I remember Dr. Clarence Grave or the chairman in 1981. And on Saturday morning, he had this routine of taking a ride at irreform, looking at what is going on. And there were many scientists used to work even on Saturdays in the field. And that was the season in April 1981, I think that was the time that I was trying to convince myself and also present the experimental evidence whether hybrid Rice would be a practical option for the tropical Rice farmers. And I was looking at my trial and about maybe around 11 o'clock in the morning and he passed by and he stopped. I saw him in the field and he did know at the time, Dr. Neil Brady was the director. And he did know that Erie was trying to explore about hybrid Rice and everybody was asking Erie about hybrid Rice. So he stopped and I showed him the trials and showed him certain hybrids that were just experimental hybrids and compared to the high-eating varieties like IEA 36, IEA 42 and so on. And when he saw at that time when he was really convinced that yes, there is something to it and then he had a lunch with Neil Brady after that visit and during that he mentioned that I saw this hybrid program in Erie and looks like there is some promise. And then the following week after the board meeting was over then Neil kind of organized a GU scientist meeting and visit to that experimental plot and I think that was a kind of turning point when the management as well as the board of trustees got convinced that yes, this is something serious that we should make a commitment. And that's one example of how things kind of came into being and then brought the commitment to hybridize work at Erie. One of the things that sort of inspired me when I got to my when I left Erie came back to Charleston, South Carolina. He said finding out that Charleston, South Carolina's were rice first came into the United States and the major rice variety there that made the huge plantations and huge fortunes along the coastal areas of South Carolina was a variety called Carolina Gold. And so realizing the importance of rice and into the history and the so many threads associated with the history, the slavery, so on and so forth, I got interested in Carolina Gold and we started a Carolina Gold rice foundation and I'm the vice president and chairman of the board of that foundation and this past August was night 2005 when a major symposium which Tom Hargrove and Girdiv Kush and many of the people that we know in the rice world made presentations but it also included more than just scientific presentations on rice it included rice, rice architecture, rice culture, rice history and so forth. And so it was a major symposium and the proceedings will be coming out soon for that foundation presentation. That's just one of the spinoffs that comes when you work in a culture where rice is so important and you're looking for some way to do it. Currently I'm still working with rice although our laboratory is a vegetable laboratory. We also under the Clemson part we share a laboratory with the Department of Agriculture, a brand new thirty million dollar facility and it's a really very nice facility. But we also cover what we call specialty crops and under that specialty crops umbrella I still work with rice and Girdiv crossbred some Carolina Gold rice with some of his high yielding varieties. We kept the gold trach in a short stature and higher yielding such Carolina Gold as a Tennessee delage that has fall down in the presence of heavy rains and wind. And now we've been screening for, this is our eighth year and we have one that we think is going to be a real winner. We're going to call it Charleston Gold as a progeny or partly progeny of the Carolina Gold thing. I'm real real happy about that we'll see how that goes in the next couple of years. If it does have some really good trach and good taste characteristics and it will be released as a variety of course if it doesn't we won't release it. I'll be learning by doing because obviously A consortium board to make decisions on the technicalities for example programs of sixteen centers working in different continents on different subjects is totally beyond them so the role of existing boards, the role of host country agreements and all those things have still got to be resolved I don't think those issues of governance have been looked at some of which have major implications for example I mean clearly that area will continue to need the inputs that it can get from a technical point of view of its board with a good spread of people who have skills in those areas probably won't need to worry so much about if you like these sort of the basic accounting and all those kind of things because supposedly now there is sort of centralized legal system with presumably checks and balances for monitoring that so some of the headaches you know this whole business of getting every step I mean everything the amount of paperwork came back to CG you know to the CG secretariat for all sorts of reasons statistics and numbers of women scientists and a lot of that will go now so that they're not saying those things aren't important but you know there will be greater priorities on actually getting delivery of outcomes which is what donors want rather than a whole lot of statistics that nobody ever uses and which have frustrated DGs and others for quite some time so I think there will be a lot of learning by doing because this is a change and as I say donors in particular can be perverse in terms of the way they change not least if there's a recession back home and they suddenly decide to cut their support research is usually seen as the soft touch then there are problems I mean the UK for example fortunately it's decided of all of its programs although it's got to have a 25% cut across all government departments international development has been ring-fenced and won't be touched which in a way is good news for the CGI even though there will probably be some internal adjustments as to what goes for research what goes for development what goes to health as opposed to agriculture what goes to water what is cross-cross cutting so this and there's some dialogues there but I mean I think it's I would imagine that in the long run it will provide quite a stability you won't have 64 donors all doing their own thing it's just to some extent what happened before and for centers having to go and you know go and genuflect in front of donors in order to get support and be competing against their fellow DGs and others in what is not always a collegial way to us it was incredible it was just you know Erie was a magical playground and I think your perspective of Erie as a child depending on what age you were because when you were you know 5 6 7 it was just huge and you just ran free and wild you out of the house who's out playing who can come out and play in and out of each other's houses and and all that and as you got a little older you know 10 11 12 incredible games at night we'd all come out at night you know 7 o'clock at night after dinner to play soccer at the tennis court or volleyball or kick the can or you know it's just great camaraderie between the kids and everyone was out and crawling and then as you reached your upper teenage years where you know you're too cool to play all those little games and stuff there was just moments of just incredible boredom sitting on the top of the steps looking down to the tennis courts where all your friends at IS and Manila were all visiting each other over the weekends and the group of you were stuck here in the compound without much to do and you know such incredible boredom you'd be convinced tinking out a certain I are still convinced we saw UFO in the sky one night and you know we sit there praying that somebody's parents would get a shipment from Denmark so we could have some real potato chips and you know just but those times to built some of the greatest bonds and the greatest memories we are all already just so close and so tight all the kids like a big group big family big group of siblings and everything and my dad wasn't the talker at home but it was usually my mom talking about animals of some sort and if the subject wasn't about animals you find a way to direct it to animals but now my dad didn't talk a lot about it and we knew his title sounded important agricultural economists but invariably the next question was well what's he do and we I have absolutely no idea you know we just had no idea and to the point where there were friends of mine in Manila that were seriously concerned because you know we looked out in this remote area they weren't even sure we had electricity out there you know and you know they'd ask about my dad and you know he's gone for many months out of the year and you know we can't really pinpoint exactly where he is at any given time but you know we get a postcard once in a while you know and some friends expressed a real concern that they thought he was really you know part of the CIA and we're in some sort of witness protection program or something you know we had no idea what he did we really didn't we had a lot of little children growing up my son was the first to be born in a very staff in July of 62 but after that there were quite a few being born and also more staff was coming with young children so we had a lot of traffic of children and nannies and maids on the road going up to the swimming pool and going to to school and going to the playground and just just going across the street to play with each other and the director and his wife were real fast drivers they would come zooming down that hill and so we young mothers at the bottom of the hill decided that this was a dangerous thing to do so I initiated a petition and I got all my young mothers to sign this petition and I gave it to Bob and because of that we have those speed bumps those are my speed bumps and it was really directed at Bob and Sonny because they were the ones that you know they're busy and they're just zooming down the road or zooming up the road and that slowed people down and I was famous for that the earliest moment for me to sort of understand in greater context of what he was doing is that at IS we had a lot of IS would annually send field trips of kids to I to Erie because Erie was such a gem in terms of a place an institution where they're doing something important and I remember I think I was in fifth or sixth grade at the time and we took a field trip to Erie and they were brought to the auditorium and they were given a film to see of Erie and then my father spoke and I think that was at that point it was sort of a defining moment and epiphany for me that my father was really something special and doing some really good work because it wasn't until I saw the film and put it in the context of what was going on at Erie and going on a tour that I finally figured out because for us while we're growing up Erie was more of a place where we would ride our bicycles around all day in the fields and we would just stop by the canteen for donuts and then maybe stop by our dad's office and say hi and then we're off again to ride our bicycles all day long now that I have a greater appreciation of the impact of his work I think that he you know he struck me as someone who was very low-key very humble and didn't really want to boast about his work a lot and he I think went about his work very quietly in many ways because he was doing a lot of things sort of behind the scenes but we knew that in retrospect I should have realized this because we had visiting Erie an entire cast of scientific all-stars if you could put it some of the best agricultural research scientists would make a pilgrimage to Erie to visit and view and review the work here and we would always have a chance to meet them because these scientists would come to our home and they would sit with my father and the porch and a lot of times we would sit right next to him while he was having a scientific discussion with it could be Norman Borla you could be Sir Otto Frankel or Sir Ralph Riley all these luminaries would come by and you know I should have realized that you know there's a good reason why all these famous scientists are coming by to visit Erie all the time yeah yeah I'm for me as I grow older I find them getting more philosophical and that's what I'm starting to really appreciate you know what my father and all the other fathers accomplished you know because you get more of a worldview on things and know what the ramifications are for the world's population so you know and that's how I really appreciate it but growing up you know we probably didn't get a full feel for how important the work was because a lot of scientists went through there about their work very quietly and modestly and it was actually for me more you know I got a sense of the importance of their work more through some of my classmates and their parents these classmates their parents would work for the Asian Development Bank or World Health Organization and when when they found out that your parents were working for Erie well they said oh Erie okay we'd like we'd like to come visit and you know talk to your parents or come for a visit so for me it was more coming from an external stimulus yeah Erie you know amongst the the students at IS was considered a sort of intellectual powerhouse all these very highly motivated and well educated parents you know I think that our relative isolation here compared to the city also lent itself to less exposure to some of the materialistic aspects of living in a big city and so I think that we had a lot of that benefit from not having been exposed a lot of the urban problems that some of our counterparts at IS had to grow up living in Makati at that time. What was the driving time in those days to the American school where IS is? It was about an hour to an hour and 15 minutes back then but initially we didn't even have the expressway we used to take the old highway to Manila and we would go through Muntanlupa and we'd have to go through these we basically drove on a two lane road one way each way and but back then even then traffic was not that bad we could make it to Manila to IS in an hour and 15 minutes clearly the expressway improved it but then I think the traffic the volume of traffic arose to meet the capacity of the expressway. I believe that our work to identify a methodology that could be followed by national programs and by many others around the world to have to look at and understand how core pieces of technology in the farming system interrelated one with another and how it complemented other farm activities. It's a little bit different than looking at whole farm farming systems or many programs like that but we always took rice technology as the core piece of technology that we wanted to understand. I believe the contribution of that there were a couple of things that were very striking in the early days. One of them was that we discovered and were able eventually to persuade our colleagues throughout the Institute that not always did rice technology considered alone turn out to be the best approach that was we were able to show that many times eerie technology as developed on the farm might not be successful in farms because of the many other conditions that impinged on rice farming for example the the real value of an early rice variety 1529 which was an early maturing rice variety that was followed in later by IR 36 was not that it was higher yielding globally as a high yielding rice but the fact that it matured early so there was a sacrifice of yield for timeliness and that made rice fit much better into an entire farming system and enabled other crops to be grown in other seasons. Dr. Brady did recruit what we would have to call the Young Turks of the Institute of the Time we thought we are a relatively large multinational community of young scientists who you know didn't expect to stay at Eerie forever we in fact I think most of us thought that we were coming there for maybe two years five years at the most we most persisted for at least 10 years and that particular generation happened to have worked at Eerie during a period when funding was was on the rise so there was a tremendous a spree decor a tremendous spirit of accomplishment the flip side of it is that we were full of ourselves and we're often up to tricks there was hardly a week past that some gimmick or some tricks some mischievous act didn't take place on the compound of the young scientists playing tricks on one another like for example walling up the doors to one's house with river stones so that they couldn't leave their house the next morning removing scaffolding from a building project to scaffold in another home overnight sometimes names to the houses were fit first the post that were that had the names of persons houses were just stuck into the ground well that was too easy to move so those every morning people wake up to find they were living in the wrong house or they had the wrong name in front of their house then they started setting them in the concrete and but even though sometimes got somehow out of the ground and one ended up in the swimming pool so there were there were antics galore among those scientists but I would still it was probably the one of the very best working environments one would ever want to be in terms of collegiality wherewithal to do research support far research was tremendous another person that contributed a lot to eerie and who I just saw last week was quanchai gomez I give her a lot of credit for the ricker and quality of research that came out of eerie in those days she helped us design the rather sophisticated replicated yield trials that we use to evaluate the products of this you know of this enhanced systematic breeding program and that again was modeled after somewhat after CEMET but rice is a much you know a more challenging crop to test in yield trials and she designed a very sensitive what we call a quadruple lattice design that really did a good job of differentiating among genotypes and then she helped us a lot with the management of the data for the international rice testing program you know design the appropriate analyses that allowed us to get results out in a hurry I remember I had an arrangement with her she had one of the first portable computers it was a wang system wang the Americans would say but you know it was a wang system which you know was pretty big for a portable computer you but at least you could roll it around the room and in those days that I really you know admired that machine I remember that was in the early 70s or maybe a mid 70s and so she she could turn out an analysis you know in in just a matter of minutes which you know was you have to remember those were the days when you know we were just graduating from these mechanical you know Martian and Monroe adding machines basically they could also do the four functions but you know we've done as a graduate student I've done statistical analysis on those and you know analysis the variants could take all day running the sums of the squares and everything and being you know I was so impressed with that and and you know so people would send in their data and then being you know we would send back the results and they were so impressed that that's what allowed that testing program to grow so rapidly and get so many enthusiastic cooperators so I give her a lot of a lot of credit I would even say that you know the detection of IR 36 which was one of the most successful varieties of the era when I worked which was a team effort in the selection but I think we would have never seen it and if it hadn't been for the yield trials that she designed because it was not an attractive variety it was a very open habit early and the birds would get on it fast and you know so it wasn't easy to just spot it with your eye I have very high regard for one child Gomez as a statistician and scientist but frankly there was absolutely no use of that design in selecting IR 36 we knew I knew what plant type I was looking for I knew the height I knew the plant architecture and the growth duration so it was it was just my visual observation the keen eye for what I was looking for the statistical design absolutely no played no part in that during one of the most critical days at the area of my during my time and actually during a board meeting Anna Marie was sending me a little note she she was not aware that the board meeting was still going on so that that note was brought in the meeting and it quoted Eleanor Roosevelt and she she told her husband once also in a written note do what you think is right do it against all odds because you will be blamed anyway and you will be right as long as you feel good in your heart that that was helpful in that moment I can tell you and it was about half a year ago when when I was reading a book with ideas of Lao Tse as you know he lived 2,500 years ago and and I don't know if Mrs. Roosevelt ever was reading Lao Tse but he said at that time already almost the same thing and in in plain in plain English language it says decide carefully what you do do it and leave the place that is the best avenue towards inner peace and when I read it I said yes you and Eleanor are right and I have my I have found the avenue towards inner peace and I'm I'm almost there I guess the the most interesting part of being in the Philippines and being a part of airy was meeting the people the people that were from all over the world from different countries it made it a very enrich enriching experience all the different cultures coming together and I think that's what I enjoyed most about being at airy being the wife of a busy director general we women found things to do when the men were busy being they're doing what they did it was fun to get together and have potlucks and the food from all the different countries it was I've never had enough potluck like that any play any other place but in at airy all the different foods from the different countries and cultures and playing bridge with everybody and the book club I enjoyed the book club that we had very much that was I love to read but I wrote read mostly American authors and some of the ladies from other countries introduced me to other authors from other countries and it really made me learn or I learned more and helped me understand more about other countries in their way of life and it was a wonderful adventure one that I wouldn't take for you know it was just an amazing period in my life to be able to experience being in another like in another world and I think it made me appreciate things more things that I had taken for granted I learned to appreciate them more also my family that was the hard part of being in the Philippines and being at airy was being away from from my family my parents and my children for those those many years however the first year we were in the Philippines I think I came back to the US six times and for one reason or another and I was saying talking to my daughter on one of my visits latter at the end of the year and I said Jennifer I'm really sorry that I live so far away and I don't get to see you so often she said mom I've seen you more this year than I saw you the whole time you were in Iowa and that was true and I did I came back to visit children more than once a year and and also we our children visited us in the Philippines and that was they enjoyed that very much getting to see where we were where we lived and how we lived and getting to meet some of the people that we had grown very fond of the time that we were there in Erie I'll tell you one story that relates to not the scientists but to the Filipino staff at the Institute the CGIR Consolidate Group on International Agriculture Research held a meeting in Manila the annual one of the annual meetings was held in Manila and they decided to visit Erie on Sunday and on Sunday on Mt. Machiling up where they had beautiful grounds were there I went up with my friends to check to see how they have everything was all prepared for the dinner for the luncheon for this group to come and I said to one of the young ladies who was helping with the service well I said do you think it's first class oh sir she says it's better than that it's Erie class which told me that she had pride in what Erie was doing she had pride of being associated with the institution which I thought was great