 Good morning everyone and thank you for joining class. I hope all of you had a good and refreshing weekend and ready to face another new week. You'll have a good weekend. All of you. Yes, no. Yes ma'am. We had a wonderful weekend. Thank you ma'am. Okay, so let's begin our class this morning. Can one of you please lead us in prayer? Anyone? Can I ask Susan Nirmal to lead us in prayer please? Okay ma'am. Thank you Jesus. Thank you Lord. We come into your presence Lord. Thank you Lord Jesus. Thank you for this wonderful day you have given us Lord Jesus. Help us and guide us and lead us Lord. Holy Spirit we ask you to come in a midst and open our minds and hearts to understand whatever our ma'am teaches us Lord. Lord Jesus thanks for giving us a burden for the children and youth Lord. Lord Jesus you open our hearts and minds and all of them who are present here. You fill their hearts and help them also to understand everything Lord Jesus and help us to implement in our future ministry Lord. Lord Jesus we need your guidance and concern Lord. Asking in the precious name of Jesus. Amen. Amen. Thank you Susan Nirmal. So on Wednesday we began looking at the developmental needs of children. We'll first look at the developmental needs of children that are common to all age groups and then we will look at the specific developmental needs of children in specific age groups. So we began looking at the common developmental needs of all children. The first one is the need for physical activity. The second one we saw was the need for competence and achievement. The third one we stopped here. We looked at the first two and the third one is the need for self-definition. Now you know children and all age groups they grow so they need lots of opportunities to explore who they are, to explore what their talents are, their gifts are, their capabilities. To also know what they are becoming, who they are becoming and how they can relate to the world around them especially the younger ones, the older ones as well. You know they're learning how to relate to the world around them apart from their family which they have been very closely connected to in the very formative years of their learning but now they are stepping out, they are growing. So they need opportunities to explore who they are, to explore what they are becoming and how to relate to the world around them. So they're basically looking for a self-definition. They're looking for a self-identity. They're building their self-image who they are, what they look like to just accept and love themselves with their strengths, their weaknesses, a whole lot of questions especially for those who are in the adolescent stage, the teenage stage when they're transitioning from being children to teens which is a very important formative time of their period of their life. Self-image, valuing themselves who they are is kind of a primary challenge for children in all age groups especially for those who are in this transition stage from being going from childhood years to teenage, adolescent years. So it's important that we build their identity on the truth in God's word, important to help them to know who they are in Christ. So it's important to build their identity in Christ that is just sharing with them various narratives from the Bible, the truths what the Bible talks about them, who they are in Christ, what Christ has done for them, who they are as sinners but who they are now as being part of the family of Christ, of being sons and daughters of Jesus Christ, being a heirs of God, co-heirs with Jesus Christ, just teaching them this, who kind of build a good strong foundation of their self-identity. They'll begin to value themselves not on their capabilities, their talents, how much they can do of what the world presents to them but just knowing who they are in Christ will help them to achieve things in the world and also for the kingdom of God. So it's good to teach them about the course on who we are in Christ very basically from a very young age. Also for teens, pre-teens and teens especially those in grade, I think now it can be as early as grade 6, grade 6 to grade 10, they go through a lot of challenges as pre-teens, as adolescents, as teenagers. So good to have sessions for them, teen sessions, we have teen sessions for our teenagers at Oral People's Children's Church where we just talk about the various challenges that they're going through, how to relate to their peers, how to face peer pressure, how to relate to their family, their parents, the world around, the choices that they make, basically also how to define themselves, to love and accept themselves, to value themselves. So important to build a good, healthy self-image based on the word of God and what God thinks of them and who God has defined them to be. And also it will help them to find their own purpose, their identity in the kingdom of God, in just pursuing the plan and the purpose that God has for their life. So good to even bring this about at a very young age that God has a plan and a purpose for them and how they can identify God's plan and purpose, how the Holy Spirit will lead them, guide them, just enable them and help them so that they can choose the subjects. They know what they're good at, how they can build on those things and just basically have a very good, healthy self-image and self-value based on how God sees them and how God values them. The next one is the need for creative expression. Children's bodies and their minds are rapidly growing, changing and they slowly learn to get more involved in the world around them, just beyond their home, their family. So we need to create good opportunities, creative opportunities in children's church and Sunday school that are essential for their development. You know, these opportunities just can help children, help them to understand and accept themselves even as they learn how to speak, write, do crafts, sing, dance, drama. Just look at various visual arts that they can express their feelings, their interests, their thoughts, their talents and their ability. So it's good to give them various opportunities in children's church through all of these things, just speaking, writing, singing, dancing, drama, visual arts where they can express their feelings, their interests, their thoughts, their thoughts. Their talents, their abilities that God has blessed them with. So there's various opportunities that you can do, you know, like when you can have talent competitions for them. We have that during kids' conference. You can have it even during, you can plan to have it during the course of the year for your children's church. Also have various clubs, you know, I shared about the Kingdom Builders Club that we had in our children's church where we had, you know, children join various clubs and they were taught how to enhance their skills, you know, and improvise on their talents that God has given them in that specific area, but also specifically how they can, you know, release the supernatural, how they can use this gift to bless the people of God, you know, to build the kingdom of God. Also get them to participate in adult church activities, you know, sometimes lead worship, sometimes lead in the declaration, you know, just sing a song or do a skit. You know, Christmas time is also a good time where, you know, you can, or Easter time, just get them to do a skit, not just a usual Christmas narrative, but, you know, something that is more exciting for them, something that they can learn. And I mentioned a few of those things that we did in the last class, you know, just get the children to, you know, involve, get them to plan, get them to think, get them to write out the skit, what they want to do, what song they want to sing, and you can just, you'll just be amazed with the talent and how they would, you know, just present God's word, present the topic that you're giving to them. It also just helps them to, you know, identify their talents, also helps them to, you know, grow in that value themselves, get excited about what they are doing, and also makes, you know, in a place where they are in a creative expression, they're able to just express their own feelings, their own interests and their talents, and just to feel loved, accepted, appreciated, which all children want, with all children look forward for. The next one is, just a minute, the need for positive social interaction, you know, children in the very formative years of their life, they're basically relating more with their family, which is of, you know, primary importance for a child. But, you know, they all need opportunities to express their, you know, their relationships, their positive relationship with people outside the family, outside the home, which is basically in the school, with their classmates, with their close, you know, group of friends, or just a close friend that they have with the teachers. So also in children's church or in Sunday school, you know, they're looking for opportunities where they, you know, they want to experience positive relationships with the people in their class, the other children in their class, and also with the teachers. So, you know, these, basically these positive relationships just provide kind of comfort, support, security for them, even as they experience new ideas, they are viewing things outside the family, outside the home, they're looking at the world, you know, they're observing the people of the world. They're learning their values, they're learning to express their feelings, sometimes children feel very, you know, scared to express their feelings at home, because of a very dominant parent, or maybe a very strict parent, or also maybe because, you know, the parents are not having a good positive relationship. The husband and wife, the father and mother not having a good close relationship. There's kind of strife, there's fighting, there's discord. So the child is feeling very uncomfortable, feeling very insecure, feeling very scared. So when the child is, you know, coming out in the world, the child needs a positive social interaction. So, you know, Children's Church can be a best place where a child knows that, you know, it's a place where they can feel loved and accepted. And also it's a place where they can experience God's love. So they experience God's love in and through us. So very important to understand what the child is going through. So if a child is not speaking up, if a child looks lost, if a child looks worried, anxious, child is giving you little hints in their behavior, you know, it's all things that we can catch on, speak to the child, you know, just show love, show acceptance, help the child, because many of them come from broken families, many of them come from single, where they have single parents, and or maybe their parents are fighting at home, or parents don't have time basically, because both the parents, the father and the mother are working, they're left to the care of, you know, maids, or they put in a play school for, you know, extended periods of time till their parents come back on work and pick them up. So they feel very insecure, they don't feel loved and accepted. So it's important that we create this kind of atmosphere of love, acceptance, so that they would know that church is a place where they can feel loved, accepted. It's a place where they can meet with God, they can experience God's love, and it will become a place of positive social interaction. And that would kind of have a lasting impact on children for the rest of their, on the rest of their lives. So, you know, build, create experiences for them, opportunities for them where they can, you know, have play games together or interact in group sessions, just group discussion or do a skit together or do, you know, craft work activities, just to build a relationship with the children in the class, make friends. Also, you know, when you put them in clubs, different clubs where they have different interests, they're learning to relate with children at all age groups, they also are able to learn from each other's talents. So builds a better bond with children of all age groups, they learn, they build friendships. Also important to have mentoring sessions nowadays. I think this is really very, very important in children's church to have a one-on-one mentoring session with the child and the teacher. So the teacher can, you know, really speak into the child's life. I mean, when we speak, we, you know, we generally teaching them truths in God's word, but one-on-one just to speak, just to declare God's word over their life, decree things, prophesy over them, give them words of wisdom and knowledge, that, you know, will have a lasting impact on their lives. I just can share one, I'll just share one incident, you know, one Sunday I was, you know, I always pray and ask God, God, this Sunday I just want to impact one child's life, give me something, some word of wisdom, knowledge, prophecy that I can speak over a child, I can just share with them so that they just know that, you know, that you speak, that they can hear you. Also that, you know, that we are interested in their lives, that we want to speak into their lives. So remember just telling a child, you know, she was, I think in grade seven or grade eight, comes from a single parenting home. I just told her, you know, God knows what you're going through. He's seeing what you're going through, but he's just telling you that I love you with an everlasting of fatherly love, and that, you know, you can just trust and hold on to God. And I just said that and, you know, she just, you know, she just started weeping and crying. She didn't bother. It was, you know, it was in the adult church, everybody were there, people noticing her, but she just couldn't control herself. I mean, I just felt so burdened for that child. I felt so sad, but I was just so glad that, you know, I could just speak this into her life because I never knew what she was going through. God knew the Holy Spirit knew, but just that kind of such a release of emotions in our heart, just crying and just pouring out her heart and crying. Her mother and sister were observing that and they were very worried and later on they sent one of their close family friends just to ask what happened, you know, and I just said she was just unburning herself. That's all I said, but it was just, you know, so we can do that, you know, God is interested in these children's life. He reveals, we used to do that as teachers, you know, just pray for these children. It's amazing what God reveals to us about their lives and when we share it to them, you know, it just builds closer bonds with them, just to know that somebody cares, that God knows he cares, he wants to work with them, he's helping them out and he loves them. So that's a good thing to do as well, just to hear from God and speak into children's lives. Charles says positive social interaction can, sorry, Charles says that positive social interaction can include barrier breaking games. Yes, it can include barrier breaking games, include ice breakers as well. It can also include games where you have a general game time with children of all age groups. So children are learning to accommodate other children of younger ones and also the young ones are learning to play with the older ones. It helps in positive social interaction. Yes. Any questions so far before we move on to the next developmental lead of children of all age groups? Okay, there are no questions. The next is the need for structured and clear limits. You know, even as children grow in their need for children are growing up, all children of all age groups, not just basically teenagers who are looking for freedom, all children in all age groups want some kind of independence and freedom, even the smaller ones. But they also, even in that whole environment of them wanting their own independence, their freedom of doing things in a certain way, it's important because they also need a security, a structure where they feel secured and where there are clear limits that are presented to them or that is given to them so that it will help them to develop their skills such as being responsible, expressing their creativity, being trustworthy and dependable. So sometimes we think in children's church we shouldn't bring in so-called law and order. We shouldn't have any kind of discipline. Just let children be, let children enjoy themselves, let them do what they, I think it's a good place to teach them that even in the house of God, when we talk about the house of God, we talk about the house of God being a family. So in the family when there is certain restrictions, certain disciplines that is placed, it's important for them to know that that is also applicable in the house of God. Why do I say this? Because if you look at adults, it's okay for them not to come to church with a Bible, but it's not okay for them to send their children without their textbooks to school or it's not okay for them to go to their office without carrying the required files. Nowadays we have our laptops to carry our laptops to office. We do carry our laptops to office even though it's very heavy, it kind of burdens us to carry it. But it's okay for us if we don't carry our Bibles to church, why carry it? Just use our phones. It's easy to slip our phones in our pockets, in our bags, then carry a Bible. It's okay for us not to go to office late to send our children late to school or to go to a show or a movie late or to go to the railway station or to catch a bus or a flight. No, we don't dare to go late, but it's okay for us to go late to church. And why is that? Because in Children's Church we basically taught children it's okay. We don't have these kind of rules and restrictions, it's okay with God. But I think it's so much important for them to learn that in the house of God, our God is a God of order and discipline and it is important that we come to church on time. It's important that we carry our Bibles. It's important the way we dress because when we have certain dress codes in school, certain dress codes at the workplace, when we go some places we have certain dress codes. It's important that we dress in a way because we're going to worship the King of Kings. We're going to meet the King of Kings. So all of these things I think is good to teach children at a very young age because that will kind of bring in that discipline later on even as they grow up. And I think it's not okay to do this in church. It's okay if we don't go to church on Sunday, we can plan along, we can go out, but we come back and ensure that we come back on Sunday evening so that our children don't miss school on Monday. And we don't get, we don't miss work on Monday mornings, but it's okay for us to plan a weekend where we can miss church on a Sunday because now things are so much more easier. We have it all online, but important for us to build these security structures where they feel secure enough to obey these laws and also put clear limits so that they are learning responsibility. Creativity, being trustworthy and dependable within those laws and our God is a God of laws, right? The Old Testament has so many laws that he has given, which is applicable even for us today. So some of the things that we can have some kind of structure is that they need to carry the Bibles, learn their memory verse, you know, read the scripture portions that you are giving to them. Because, you know, children will not dare to go to school without doing their homework, but it's okay for them to know that the teacher won't say anything if I don't learn my memory verse, I don't read my scripture portions. But, you know, we need to impress upon them that, hey, this is important, you know, we need to learn. This is a good time for us to learn. Also, you know, for them to act upon what they have learned, how they can apply what they have learned in the week, and then come back on Sunday and share that experience. So we basically have a notebook now that, sorry, we have a notebook where they write down how they're going to apply what they have learned. And then, you know, before we used to give them printed workbooks, but they're kind of bored with that. So we change it to just them carrying their own journals or their notebooks. And then writing down how they practice what they learned during the week and come back and share with the teacher, share with the class. It just, you know, helps other children to also learn to see how others have put into practice what they have learned, experience what they are learning from God's word. And so that becomes kind of a lifestyle. So even when they come to adult church, when they're listening to the sermon, they go back and they know they have to apply it because that's kind of become a lifestyle, that's kind of become a structure, a habit in their lives. So we're not saying that becomes a ritual. It becomes more of a habit, which is a good, healthy habit, which, you know, God wants us to practice what we, he's teaching us what we are learning from God's word. The last thing is the need for strong attachment with the positive adults. You know, all children of all age groups need the skills to establish strong attachment with at least one positive adult in their life. You know, so that, you know, they can, whether it's at home, or whether it's in school, or whether it's in church, so that, you know, when times of difficulties, when they're facing any challenges, they can bounce back, they can fall back, you know, because they have the strong attachments with at least one positive caring adult in their life. So, you know, as a children's church teacher, you can be that, you know, that caring positive adult who they have a strong relationship with, so that, you know, they can fall back, come back, they can call you, they can share. And they know that, you know, you're not somebody who would judge them, condemn them, but somebody who was there to help them through difficult times. And even when they grow up and they do something that, you know, can be really terrible or something that is really, that has broken God's heart. You know, you are there, they can come back to you, they can fall back to you, and that you can lead them back to God, and how they can, you know, change their ways, make the right choices, and get back in their relationship with God. So, these are these seven points which are basically the developmental needs that are common to all age groups. Before we look at the developmental needs of specific age groups, does anyone have any questions, anything you'd like to share, any comments, anything? No thoughts, no comments, no questions. Even as I'm sharing these things, you know, in the context of children's church, this can apply also to those of you who are parents, have children, just can help them, even whatever age group they are with their developmental needs. Yes, Sey? Thank you, Pastor. Thank you, Pastor, for sharing this. So, my question is, I'm going to give, like, the kids, in terms of their makeup, or would I say their behavioral characteristics, simply, that way, for lack of a better word. In terms of the fact that how do we navigate all this developmental needs with kids who are introverts and kids who are extroverts, with kids who might be melancholy, or they could be choleric, or they could be just four behavioral patterns, basically. And then I can't remember the other two. And just basically, how do you navigate all these things to ensure that one doesn't feel left out, and the other one feels that they are treated well? Because you have a lot of children come to class or, as parents, we have kids who are always going to be different. So, how then do we navigate all these needs to ensure that we are meeting each one? Because there's another aspect of the five-language, flow of languages. Some of these kids prefer timeouts, quality time, service, you know. Some kids like to be touched, patterned, but how do we navigate all these needs, basically, to ensure that, at the end of the day, we're able to cut across every one of them. In meeting their needs. I don't know if my question is clear or if it's clear. I understand your question. It's a good question, say. Thank you. But we are going to do the learning styles of children after we do the developmental needs of children. We're going to look at the learning styles, just like you spoke about the five-language is different children have different learning styles. So, how we can incorporate different learning styles with the needs of children, even as we just teaching them for 45 minutes or one hour, and how to prepare a lesson and how to interact with them based on their specific learning styles. We'll do that after we look at the developmental needs of children. So, can you wait till then? Is that okay, say? Yes, Pastor. Thank you. But a good question. Thank you. Yes, Rupa, you have your hand raised up. I just wanted to share while you are sharing about the children and the parents not giving importance to the coming to the Sunday school or Sunday service and planning on that day. Yes, I can hear you. Yes, go ahead, Rupa. I can hear you. I was also having the same burden for the last few many days. So, God has revealed and I started teaching on the life of Imoti to the church, how his mother, he was a disciple even before Paul found him. So, it was the mother and his grandmother who have nurtured and instilled that value system in that child to honor, Imoti is honoring God. So, he had learned to honor God's word, he learned to love God and follow him as his disciple. So, unless as parents, we recognize and give that first place and honor to God, children will not learn and just wanted to, this generation, many, I don't say all, but many are taking it very light. They give so much importance to education and other things, but it comes to educating their children, the values of Christ, the value system of God, they are failing. So, it was what God taught me and thank you Ma'am, I just wanted to share because it is also something which is burning in my heart. Yes, thank you for sharing Rupa. I think, you know, we've heard parents say that, you know, they come to church because their child didn't want to miss children's church. So, they were forced to come to church, they were not planning, but they were forced to come to children's church because their child just loves to come to children's church. So, I think if we make children's church a place where a child feels loved, accepted, it's a good learning experience for them, you know, they will just tag along their parents along, they'll pull them, they'll ensure that parents have also told me, oh my gosh, my child ensures that we don't get late to children's church, just pulls all of us together so that we can come to church on time. So, you know, yeah, so children can also in the other way make an impact depends on how we impact their lives in children's church, they can in turn impact their family as well. Yes, so children can have far-reaching results in impacting their parents especially. That's why if you look at advertisements, you know, many advertisements they have, they use children, why? Because children kind of impact even what their parents buy, you know, they're forced their children, they're forced their parents, they have kind of a sway on what their parents buy for the home as well. So, if you look at all the ads very creatively, you know, they kind of tempt children. So, you know, if you buy this, you'll get this, if you buy this sweet, you'll have this sticker or you'll get this pencil and so the child forces their parents to get that chocolate or that candy for them, whatever. I mean, even if it comes to refrigerators, TV, whatever, they influence their parents. So, yes, you can make a great impact on them so that they can influence their parents as well. Even in times of, you know, having family prayer, how to have family prayer and all of those things children can make a great impact and influence on their parents. Thank you for sharing Rupa. Yes, Charles. Thank you, Pastor. I have a sharing on the effect of the children on parents. Before I joined Child Advising Fellowship, I was serving with Awana. Awana is also a children's ministry called Approved Workmen and Overcalmed. And this child was told to bring, there is a time we are telling them to come with their parents because we had an open day where parents were supposed to be coming. And when the parent came, she was told to come on Sunday also to attend church. So she came later, she became a church member, she got baptized and she became a church minister. Then there is another place where we had a children's meeting. It's called Good News Club. And after a while, like 12 months, the parents said, why don't you begin a church here? Because we don't have any church, you can begin a church. Talk to the church administration will begin a church. So a church began and children were able again to be attending that particular church where they were having a meeting. So children are very, very influential. They can help even in the church, even in the spiritual development of their parents. I submit. Thank you. Thank you, Charles. Thank you for sharing. Wonderful work that you're doing. Praise God and God bless. Continue to use your among children. Okay. Thank you all for sharing your thoughts. Thank you, Asha and Kung as well. Anyone else has any questions or we can move on to the developmental needs of children, looking at developmental needs of children. Specific age groups basically three to four years old. We'll begin with that. Okay. So if you know questions, no further questions or comments, anyone wants to share anything, we look at the developmental needs of children, ages three and four. Okay. So children in this age group basically are learning how to relate to their family, you know, and to people outside their family. They're also learning to separate themselves from their family members for short periods of time. So, you know, if you're having a preschool arrangement for children at your children's church, then you need to know that, you know, this is a time where for this age group specifically it has to be very, very short. In the beginning few weeks, it would be good if at least one parent comes and sits with the child so they get familiar with the surroundings with other children, with the teachers, with the other parents. And also if you know, ensure that, you know, after some time when the parents feel that they can leave their children and sit in a church, that they are in a place where you can, you know, catch them. Because if the child suddenly feels insecure, wants to see their parent, then you know where exactly to take them during service. So that the child is not, you know, feeling insecure, feeling afraid, begins to cry and then, you know, that kind of experience leaves a bad taste for the child. And the child will not want to come back to children's church. So good to, you know, make this arrangements because they're learning basically to separate themselves from their family members. And that's only for a short period of time. They're learning to tell stories on their own, but it's not more than one sentence or thought. I'll explain this later. Let's put down the next slide. They're also learning numbers in sequence, they're learning how to count small objects. So if you give them a lot of colors and then, you know, crayons and you say, hey, there were 25 of them, but let's count. They won't be able to count if anyone put everything in the box. So that's not something that they will really be able to do. You know, they're learning numbers in sequence. They're learning how to count small objects. So if you're having games or activity, just keep the counting very minimal. They're also learning alphabets and simple songs so you can teach them simple action songs which they would like to sing and learn. Don't teach them big songs. Don't teach them two, three verses, you know, the same time, just a few lines which they will be able to learn and sing. They're also learning, you know, to perfect their large motor skills specifically, you know, using their legs and upper arms. So, you know, running, jumping, climbing, standing on one foot, balancing, you know, walking up and down the stairs, dancing, hopping, marching, kicking a ball, throwing a ball. So basically, you know, these are some things that they're learning. So it will be very challenging if you have, you know, the classroom for these children on the third or fourth floor because they will find it difficult to climb up. So it's good to have it on the ground floor or, you know, max keep it at, you know, the first floor because they're not very, very confident in climbing. They need a lot of help. A lot of time will go in that if you're planning games, you know, just keep it simple for them because they're learning to perfect their large motor skills. But also developing to use their fine motor skills using their hands and fingers. So working with clay, they can clap their hands so you can, you know, during singing you can get them to, during singing you can get them to clap their hands. You know, if you're having games, you can get them to pick up small objects. So if you want them to, you know, they basically scatter everything around so you can get them to pick up all their things, put it in the box, you know, help you clear the room because they just love helping you. They also love to color, but it's not very organized because it's very early coloring. So they'll not have a proper concept of the right colors to use. You need to help them with that also to color within the lines, within the structure. So give them a simple coloring so that it will be easy for them. They also, you know, use their hands to work with clay, you know, finger painting and also, you know, they are learning to write. So don't give them to write their memory verse down because that will take eternity for you. You know, just give them a printed sheet with, you know, or the coloring sheet on top they can have the memory verse should be easy for them. They like songs with hand and finger motions that they learn to do quickly so you can teach them a lot of action songs, a good age to teach them action songs. It's very early for them also to work with scissors and glue. If you're doing that, they need a lot of supervision because they can spill the glue, they can put excessive glue on the paper. They can't cut right. So all of these initial cutting, sticking, everything for the craft activity will have to be done by the teachers. And just basic simple things that, you know, that the child can do like just coloring on that or basically, you know, just tying a ribbon or something, which with the help of the teachers that they can do. Okay. Children in this age group also, you know, enjoy these type of play they like to pretend they imagine a lot of things. They do a lot of pretend play like they are the teacher and they're teaching, you know, they have a lot of magical thinking and fantasies. So it's good to teach them about creation because they can just imagine things. When you tell them a narrative, you know, the way that you enact it or narrate it to them, you know, just make it so imaginative because they can imagine things they love. They even fantasize a lot of things. You know, they like to play in importance, very important. They like to play in groups of two or three with the children of their own age. So if you, if you get them to sit in a bigger group and color, they would not like it, but they will kind of move out from that big group and get into their small cliques of two and three, you know, which they would like to color with them or even games. Keep the games very, very short and minimal because they don't like group games. They like to just play with two or three children in their own age. So playing games, the larger group of children, you know, you can have that only for a short period of time. But for this age group, they just like to play with one or two children or maximum three children. Okay. About hearing Bible stories, sorry. Okay. Hearing and understanding Bible stories, they're able to listen and understand the Bible stories, Bible narratives, but it has to be very, very short because their attention span is very little, very short. Maximum eight, eight minutes, eight to 10 minutes. So don't give them a lot of details. Just keep it very short. Make it very imaginative, exciting, narrated with a lot of actions, voice, voice modulation, eye contact, you know, doing a lot of drama which children of this age will really love. They're also able to, if you tell them, okay, you know, can you tell me what you learned today? Can somebody tell me the whole story? One child will not be able to narrate the whole story because like I just said sometime back, you know, they're learning to tell their own stories but will just be maximum one sentence or just a thought so you can't expect them to repeat the entire story. They can just tell you the main character of the story, the main person that they learn about Abraham or Sarah or Bartimus or Zacchus or David Goliath, you know, and they can just say, can David kill Goliath or Zacchus became a good man, whatever. So, you know, just short things so don't expect them to narrate or, you know, retell the entire story to you. They can repeat a few main points in the story but that will just not be in sequential order as in when they remember things they can just say things but, you know, just to reiterate the story what you've taught them or to, you know, bring back to memory. Get different children to, you know, say what they have understood, what they learned, what they heard and then you can kind of bring about a reiteration of the whole story or the narrative that you taught them. Okay. We just have one more minute so we'll stop here. Anyone has any questions? We look at the mental, the social, the spiritual and the physical needs and how to effectively teach these children in this age group on Wednesday. Okay. Anyone has any questions, any thoughts, anything that you'd like to share? No. Okay. I have posted these notes on the screen page. I'll do this by this afternoon so that you can access the notes. So all of this, I will give it to you all the developmental needs of children of different age groups and that is common to everyone. I'll post it on the screen page. Okay. Thank you everyone for joining class. I'll see you soon for our class on first Timothy. Thank you.