 Under the topic of consumer behavior, we are going to study types of utility. So, utility, the power of a good to satisfy human want, but it has mainly the two forms that we are going to express in our consumer behavior. One that is the total utility and the other is the marginal utility. The marginal utility when we say it is a total amount of satisfaction that a consumer attains from the consumption of any good or from the consumption of any service. So, that can be in the form of the total consumption. We can call it a complete player, we can call it a satisfaction, or we can call it a demand. Whatever it gets, it will be called a total. But in our economics decision, the most important thing for us is the marginal utility. We can call it a marginal utility or we can call it an additional utility. Or we can call it a terminal word. This means that the utility has to get an additional unit of its own commodity. If a person has already consumed 10 units of a commodity, then the one unit between the 10th and the 11th unit will be called the marginal utility in order to consume it. Because if we look at this marginal utility in the form, then it is from the consumption of one additional unit of a good or service. This is very important for our economics decisions. Now, if we want to solve an example of this, then we have said that it is a consumer, because it is an example in your recommended books. We are taking it with us. If we call this example in any form, then it can be any form, we can say that it can be the slices of pizza. It can be candies for a small child. Or anything like this. So, we say that when it takes a unit of its own, then its total utility at that time, if it has taken zero units, then its utility is also zero. And if we look at it from that perspective, then if we count it on number two, then we say that after that it has taken one unit, two, three, four, and if we look at this form, then while solving it, when one unit has taken any point, then we suppose that its total utility is zero, if we give it that it is not ten. But when it takes a second unit, the utility maximizing rule that we have studied previously, that when it takes an additional unit, or second or third unit for something, then its utility is already less. So, when second unit consumes, then after getting it, its total utility is eighteen. Third unit has taken twenty-four, fourth has taken twenty-eight, and like this, it consumes seven units. So, at that time, if we look at it, then its utility is twenty-eight. Now, if we go to this point and look at it, that the time between zero and one, if we look at it, until one, then it will be called as one change. So, for this change, if we look at its change, then its marginal utility is ten. Similarly, if we look at the time between one and two, then this is ten to eighteen. So, this is eighteen minus ten divided by one. So, against the change of this consumption commodity, if we look at this quantity, then this is one unit we have taken. And the change in total utility, if we change it to the change in total utility, if we take both the units, then we have eighteen minus ten divided by one, which is eight. Similarly, if we look at it at a point of five and six, then this is thirty and thirty, so thirty minus thirty divided by the change over one, that will be zero. So, this additional utility or the utility attained from one additional unit of the commodity, that is the marginal utility, that is the basic unit that gives help in the decision making of the consumption of the consumer. So, consumer, under every additional unit, when it makes a decision that for how much I have to decide the value or I have to change it with any other unit, substitute it, then this marginal utility helps out there as well. If it is taking two shares, then it will compare them with the marginal utility. So, the marginal utility of the share will prefer that thing more than that. And if we explain these points in the form of graphs, then if we look here, if we go to the previous point, then we have expressed this line of consumption on the x-axis, and we have expressed this unit on the y-axis, then it will become the total utility. And when we express the marginal utility and we express the marginal utility, then it becomes the marginal utility. So, on the x-axis, the units of commodity that we have consumed, if we plot it with the total utility, then we see that the total utility of the consumer is going to increase. But if we look here, it is increasing, but when we look at each unit, then its level of displacement, which is seen in front of us by this shaded curve, that area is reduced compared to the previous one. So, if we look here, then it means that the total utility is increasing, but at a decreasing rate. And in the same way, against those units, when we plot the marginal utility, we see that on the first level, our marginal utility was 10, and after that, it reduced. Now, if we look here, then we are expressing the marginal utility from a straight line. And sometimes it can be expressed in the form of curves also, but that should be negatively sloped. And that gives that the marginal utility decreasing or diminishing over the consumption of any commodity.