 So this module is a continuation of the previous module and what I will be covering in this module is over here PHP versus other common web programming technologies. So in the previous module it was a comparison with ASP and ASP.NET and in this module I will compare with other web technologies and then will be a summary of PHP comparison with those web technologies. Where does PHP stands with reference to those wonderful web technologies and usually it's the middle ground and then evolution of PHP. How PHP evolved over a period of time? So kind of a historical perspective but it gives a lot of food for thought. So let's go into more details. PHP others per usually when we discuss CGI we discussed about Perl. CGI scripting was by default it started with the Perl language and for a number of reasons because it integrates well with the popular web servers. That is why people have been using Perl but Perl is a general purpose programming language. PHP is a special purpose you can say web oriented or web programming language. So the big difference you can of course using CGI scripting you can generate dynamic pages using Perl but Perl is a general purpose language not optimized for the web. PHP is optimized for the web. In the coming modules we will talk more about it. Then is Java. With Java you can build very robust and strong and fail safe web based applications for dynamic web pages and with Apache Tomcat you can have server independence. You can have server independence. So this is another strength of Java but there is a kind of a problem. The Java has a steep learning curve. It takes a lot of effort and time to learn Java and then there are not many companies or web hosting organizations which provide JSP Java server pages hosting. And when it is provided it is usually expensive also. Remember that PHP hosting is kind of a default hosting with many many web service providers or hosting service providers but Java is limited and it's costly. Then compare with Python. Python is a wonderful programming language and Google is built using Python. YouTube is built using Python and you can build applications using Python and you can host them on Google servers. Now remember one thing that Google is a search engine and of course search is a very powerful part of YouTube. Of course then they are multimedia videos also. To the point over here is that PHP is built optimized for web based programming not for searching. Of course you can build search engines using PHP. Ruby is very popular. Why? As compared to other web technologies because of the Ruby on Rails framework and it has extensive object oriented features. Now object oriented features were a stumbling block for PHP until version five was released. So that is a strength of Ruby because of the object oriented features. And then is a cold fusion. Cold fusion is very easy to learn. Okay. As compared to I would not like to make or say any names but as compared to some of the other web technologies cold fusion is easy to learn and you can build very complex applications very fairly easily using cold fusion. But the downside is that cold fusion hosting is kind of expensive. Definitely it costs more as compared to PHP hosting. So where does PHP stands as compared to other web technologies? It holds the middle ground. Why? Because it is not general purpose. It is not general purpose. It is meant for the web and it is not a complete framework. Unlike ASP.NET which has a comprehensive framework. There is no such framework in PHP. But there is a positive side also. In the absence of a framework you don't need to learn the framework. Okay. And you don't have to import libraries. So what you do is that you develop your libraries yourself or go to the user groups and get the libraries from there. Another strength of PHP is online documentation and then is the OOP support which was made available in version 5. And of course PHP is popular and is being used for large scale application development. I have already given some examples to you. And then there is a diverse and a wide base of medium or small to medium size applications which have been developed using PHP. So now to finish this module I will give a brief historical overview of PHP. So PHP, there are number of abbreviations for PHP. One of them is personal home page. And it started in 1994 by Lasmas Ladoff who was using, he had to write his own script instead of Perl for his personal home page. And he kept on writing them and in 95 he released the PHP version 2. And then in 1998 two more programmers as you can see on the slide joined hands with Lasmas. And then the version 3 was released. And then these programmers joined hand and rewrote and wrote the Zend engine. And that version was released. And then it was in 2000 and you can see on the screen 2004 when the object oriented version of PHP was released with private and protected members with constructor and deconstructor which is not written over here and with static methods and the list goes on. So there was an object oriented version of PHP. That's all I have for this module. And I hope you will go home and with having learned something very useful. Thank you for your time.