 This paper examined the political process behind the development of energy efficiency policies in the European Union, EU. Using the Advocacy Coalition framework, the authors identified for distinct advocacy coalitions with differing views on energy efficiency policies. These included those who wanted few companies to implement energy audits or energy management systems, those who favored mandating implementation of such measures, and those who believed that many companies should do so voluntarily. The authors also noted that policy change occurred following an external shock, deliberative negotiations, and policy-oriented learning. By identifying core beliefs and advocacy coalitions, this study provides valuable insight into the political process of developing energy efficiency policies in the EU. This article was authored by Frederick von Montbork and Peter A. Strzakhan.