 This study examines the contribution of different subsets of circulating T follicular helper, TfH, cells and B cells to membranous nephropathy, MN. Compared to healthy controls, MN patients had significantly higher numbers of certain TfH and B cell subsets, as well as higher levels of serum cytokines. The study also found that the number of activated TfH and plasma cells was negatively correlated with EGFR and positively correlated with 24-hour urinary protein levels. After treatment, the numbers of these cell types and cytokine levels were reduced, while Illinois, 4 and Illinois, 10 levels were increased. The findings suggest that activated TfH and plasma cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of MN. This article was authored by Jiwei Zhong, Yun Peng Xia, Kun Meng Yang, and others.