 This research paper examines the role of TGF-beta signalling in mitochondrial homeostasis and inflammation in chronic kidney disease, CKD. It was found that TGF-beta signalling plays a key role in the development of CKD by increasing mitochondrial damage and inflammatory responses in the proximal tubules. Furthermore, it was discovered that the lack of TGF-beta signalling in the proximal tubules leads to increased mitochondrial injury and exacerbates TH-1 immune response in the aristolocic acid model of CKD. Additionally, this research paper suggests that targeting TGF-beta signalling may be beneficial for treating CKD. This article was authored by Morph Kahan, Judith Valamos, Damie Gonzalez-Rodriguez, and others.