 Hello everyone, I'm Dr. Srikanth. I'm a consultant, pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, nutrition at Manipal Hospital's Bangalore. Newborn and in early infancy jaundice can occur because of two reasons. There can be a normal jaundice, what we call in medical terms as a physiological jaundice. So most of the babies do have that and they recover eventually and it is not a serious condition. But there is something called pathological jaundice or a serious jaundice and which points towards a serious liver disease and which require a detailed evaluation and a treatment. So how do you know that whether your baby has a serious jaundice or not? One of the clue, apart from yellowishness of the eyes, what we call jaundice, the urine of the baby becomes yellow, very dark yellow and stains the diaper or whatever cloths it comes in contact and at times the stool becomes very pale or a whitish stool. So this says that your baby has a serious disease of the liver which needs evaluation and subsequent treatment. So how do we evaluate a child or investigate a child of your baby who has a serious liver disease? So we would run a battery of blood investigations, we call it as liver function test and child may require a ultrasonography of the abdomen to see at the liver and many other investigation to look for the exact reason. So what are the reasons for liver disease in early infancy or neonatal period? It can be because of the congenital malformation where the development process of the liver is incomplete because of these two reasons. Then can we have metabolic liver disease where baby is not able to handle certain metabolites in the foot and because of that the liver is dysfunctional. So based on various tests, we try to find out what is the reason for this and if the disease is in early stage then we can treat it with some medical managed measures like withholding of food products or with some medication or if it is in the advanced stage child may require surgery and in a very severely advanced stage liver transplantation would be the only option. So it is better to get evaluated at an earlier stage so that we can prevent or postpone the requirement of surgery or liver transplantation.