 In this collaboration with the University of Oxford and IBM, we were trying to make two-fold-coordinated carbon, molecules called cyclocarbons, and they could have not been stabilized and studied to date. And carbon can have different forms and then it has completely different properties. So for example, you have diamond in which every carbon atom is coordinated to four neighbors. And then you have graphite in which every carbon atom is coordinated to only three neighbors, which completely is completely different properties. And also in buckyballs or buckminster fullerines, every carbon has three neighbors or in carbon nanotubes or in graphene. And so far there's no material of carbon with two-fold-coordinated carbon atoms. So where each carbon only has two neighbors. And this was a goal of the study here to make such a material and to see what its properties are. So we were aiming for cyclic carbon atom or molecules that consist of two-fold-coordinated carbon atoms. And for forming those molecules we started with this precursor. It has been synthesized in the University of Oxford by Laurel, our collaborator. And the idea was to apply voltage pulses in the microscope to remove those masking groups. The masking groups consist of first a carbon atom and an oxygen, so carbon oxide atoms, and we wanted to remove those to form a cyclic carbon molecule. And by applying voltage pulses in the microscope we first removed the first two carbon or carbon molecules to form this intermediate. And we were also able to remove more of the CO masking groups to form that intermediate. And eventually by applying voltage pulses again we were able to form cyclic carbon consisting of 18 carbon atoms. Okay, well after we generated the molecule in the microscope we can of course also image the molecule, that is what you see here. So it's an atomic force of the image of cyclic carbon. Now the question of course is what is actually the structure. So because you could have either double bond, double bond, double bond, double bond, double bond. So all bond lengths the same. Or you could have alternately triple bond, single bond, triple bond, single bond. Now in order to find this out what we can do is we can simulate atomic force microscopy images. So we first calculate the theoretical structure of cyclic carbon using quantum mechanics. And then we can use another code to simulate atomic force microscopy images, how they would look like for different structures. And based on these atomic force microscopy simulations we then could clearly determine that the kind of contrast that we saw in the atomic force microscope experimentally. So this nine fold symmetry is a nonagon. Clearly corresponds to structures of triple bonds and the single bonds. In particular we could see from our simulations that the positions of the corners are the positions of the triple bonds and the edges of the nonagon are the single bonds. So with this way we could really clearly identify what the actual structure of the molecule is. So with our approach we could actually stabilize cyclic carbon for the first time and also we could characterize it. One more very cool thing about cyclic carbon is that also we can potentially use it to form larger molecular structures. So it's very reactive and therefore we saw that we could actually fuse it by applying voltage pulses in the microscope with other molecules. And you see here behind me that there we could actually fuse one of the precursors that I showed you before with a cyclic carbon. And we could form a larger molecular structure by covalently fusing those two molecules and that could potentially open the way to create more sophisticated structures in the future to use for electronic devices also.