 Dear students, in this module, we are going to talk about the dysfunctions of deviance. Deviance can also have the negative consequences for a society such as creating a sense of insecurity and fear. Obviously, choke yeh ek antisocial behavior hota hai which can sometimes be converted into crime or criminal activity as well, so it creates a fear and insecurity among the group members or among the members of society. And deviance can also lead to social disorganization and breakdown of social institutions. Depend karta hai ke kis level ke upad deviance kumit ho rahi hai aur usk level aur usk context ke mutabek deviancy uske consequences bhi brahmat hota hai. Agar toh deviancy wo violent hai in nature, toh obviusly uske consequences bhi severe hoonge. Aur agar bahut mild level ke upad hai, aisi deviancy hai, jo ke aap ke folkwaze ke hawaale se damage kariya, aap ke folkwaze ko damage kariya, toh shahid uske reactions ho itne sakhth brahmat na ho. Lekin jo wo cheeze yeh jo already aapke law ke under define ho juki hi hai, agar deviancy uske hawaale se kumit ho rahi hai toh definitely it has, it would have serious repercussions on the integration of your society aur baz okaat yeh hota hai ke aapke certain social institutions jinn ke ndar wo deviancy kumit ho rahi hai uti hai wo bhi collapse kar jate hain. In Pakistan, for example, the rise of extremist groups has caused social disorganization and created a sense of fear among citizens. So unfortunately jo suicide bombing ke ek series shuruh hui thi usme jo ek extremist behavior adapt kiya gaya, us extremist behavior ka ek strong reaction jo hai wo society ke ndar payda hoa, fear tha insecurity thi aur na sehruf logon ne jo hai wo public places ke ndar jaana chor diya, balki bahut si economic activities bhi jo hai wo us hawaale se hurt hoi. Then deviancy can also lead to inequality and discrimination against marginalized groups jo aise minority groups hoate hai, jo marginalized groups hoate hai, agar unke hawaale se wo deviancy kumit ho rahi ho, to obviously uska bhi jo hai wo ek bada strong aur serious consequence brahmat hota hai, ek fear of insecurity payda ho jaati hai. Jaise muslims jo hai India ke ndar minority me hai, to unke hawaale se ek strong reaction jo hai wo majority hinduism ke wo pr belief karne wadi jo ideology ke log hai, unke ndar ek strong reaction payda hoa hoa hai to wo chonke India ke ndar majo muslim minority ke saath discriminatory rewaiya khtear karthe hai, to isska bhi ek strong reaction paire in opposite to that jo hai wo Indian muslims ke ndar bhi payda hota hai. To in that sense deviancy can have severe negative consequences and severe dysfunctions in the society. So dysfunctions can have the long lasting effects on the society and can be difficult to overcome. Bazookat to yeh hota hai ke chonke agar yeh deviancy jo hai wo civil rights ya civil war ke ndar convert ho jah hai to phir issko overcome karna bahut mushkil ho jaata hai aur yeh deviancies jo hai yeh certain situations ke ndar, revolutions ke ndar bhi convert ho jaati hai. Jaise kaya mahi history ke ndar examples majooth hai, French Revolution ke example majooth hai, India ke ndar subcontinent ke ndar jo freedom movement thi uski example to yeh jo social movements ke ndar jab deviancy ek extreme ke upar convert hoti hai to isske bade serious repercussions paramat hoti hai. However addressing the root causes of deviancy can help prevent its negative consequences. As a social scientist, as sociologist, humaar liye yeh important hota hai ke isski root causes ko discover kaya jaayi that deviancy ke piche kaunse aise muharakat hai, jin ke wajah se yeh deviancy jo hai wo ek extreme level ke tawaf jaati hai ya isske jo emerging factors hai mo kaun-kaunse hai to yeh dekke hum isski upar research karke isske jo negative consequences hai, unko apprehend kar supte hai.