 Welcome you all, my channel, Explore Education and I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, S.S. Khanna Girls Ruby College, University of Allahabad. And today we are going to discuss a very important test of intelligence known as Veshla's test of intelligence, commonly known as W.A.I., Veshla's Adult Intelligence Scale. Okay. And this video will be useful for various teaching examinations because intelligence is a very important topic to ask. Let's start our discussion. First of all, we have to revise that we have already studied Binay Simon Scale and Stanford Binay Scale. Okay. And today we are going to discuss the third and the most important test of intelligence. After that, we would study Bhatia Battery, the Indian adaptation of intelligence testing. And then we will close this huge task of completing intelligence in totality. Okay. So, let's start. Veshla's Test of Intelligence or Veshla's Adult Intelligence Scale. The Veshla's Adult Intelligence Scale, commonly known as W.A.I.S., is an intelligence test first published in 1955. So, objective point of view, say, we should know this, we should remember this year. So, it's coming in 1955 for the first time, and Designs to Measure Intelligence in Adults and Older Adolescents. That is, mainly, the main forms of Binay Simon and Stanford Binay, they are doing more catering to the child, especially Binay Simon. And Stanford Binay, they try a little bit, but they couldn't be as effective as you can say, for adult intelligence testing, Veshla's Adult Intelligence Scale or Veshla's Adult Intelligence Scale, they are more expensive than you can say, for adult and older adolescents. So, this is mainly for adult and older adolescents, or you can say, when a theoretical question comes up to you, and it's said to you, that any portion of the question of intelligence and the person who will give it, that you should do some research on adult intelligence or do some research on older adolescents, then it would be better to mention the Veshla's Adult Intelligence Scale, V.A.I.S. There, don't mention Stanford Binay there, Veshla's Adult Intelligence Scale. So, it is mainly catered to the adult and older adolescents. Okay. Then, this test was designed by a psychologist, David Veshla. Now, we have heard the name of David Veshla, David Veshla said, we read the definition of intelligence, the global capacity, the most popular definition, who believed that intelligence is made up of a number of different mental activities, rather than a single general intelligence factor. Then, Veshla was dissatisfied with what he believed were the limitations of this Stanford Binay intelligence test. As a result, Veshla devised a new test during the 1930s, exactly in 1939, known as the Veshla Bollyway Intelligence Test, which is called WBIS, Veshla Bollyway Intelligence Scale. Okay. Disagreement with Stanford Binay's Scale, where is Stanford Binay's Scale dissatisfied or disagreed with? Okay. Then, Veshla did not agree with the idea of a single score that the Binay test gave, which is Stanford Binay's Scale. Then, it was not a misunderstanding that Stanford Binay is giving a single score, dissatisfied with that idea. Then, what was his thought, what was his experience, what was his thought. Generally, intelligence is composed of several specific and interrelated functions or elements that can be individually measured. Then, he was a very influential advocate for the concept of non-intellective factors and he felt that the 1937 Binay Scale did not do a good job of incorporating these factors into the scale. He said that some of the non-intellective factors that influence our results, and as per him, he did not include Stanford Binay, which non-intellective factors, as per him, lack of confidence, fear of failure, attitude. This also had an impact when we take out the solution of the questions. So, he said that he did not include them. This is also a drawback. Then, Veshla argued that the Binay Scale, oh sorry, something goes wrong. This is a scale. Binay Scale items were not valid for adult test takers because the items were chosen specifically for use with children. He said that Stanford Binay Test is not for adults. Why? Because the items that were chosen were chosen especially for children. Then, the Binay Scale's emphasis on speed with the timed tasks scattered throughout the scale tended to unduly handicap older adults. Then, Veshla believed that mental age norms clearly did not apply to adults. This is also a drawback. So, he said that the Binay Scale items were not valid for children. So, he said that the Binay Scale items were not valid for adults. So, he said that the Binay Scale items were not valid for children. Then, Veshla believed that mental age norms clearly did not apply to adults. This is why he focused mainly on adults to make his test. Okay? Because there are many reasons that Stanford Binay is not a suitable test in accordance to Veshla. Then, he criticized the then existing Binay Scale because it did not consider that intellectual performance could deteriorate as a person grew older. This is why he said that when a person is growing older, his intellectual performance deteriorates. This fact is not included in Stanford Binay. It is included in his test. Okay? Now comes, first of all, the Veshla Billoway Intelligence Scale. No one named Billoway in New York City. Then, the Veshla Billoway Intelligence Scale was innovative. Navachar was a youth. Because in 1930s, 1930s, exactly this year, this is 1939, he was doing the same thing that no one else was doing. Like, they gathered tasks created for non-clinical purposes. For administration as a clinical test battery. Clinical test battery was used for non-clinical purposes, which no one else was doing at that time. Then, everyone, because at that time, there was so much influence of Binay in the intelligence testing that no one was thinking anything else. He was using the point scale concept instead of the age scale concept. And included in non-verbal or performance scale, when your Stanford Binay later introduced non-verbal in his revision. He said that this test is verbally loaded. Non-verbal should also be part of that to be examined. Then, he is David Veshla. 1896-1981, his life was going on. He studied at Columbia University and went to France with U.S. Army in this and that and then to London. Studied with Pearson and Spearman. Pearson and Spearman are with you and also with Anna Frye. He studied with the big, big people. Then, as we read the version of it, Veshla Billipa Intelligent Scale was later revised and became known as the Veshla Addalic Intelligence Scale. Not that Veshla Billipa Intelligent Scale, but later became Waze. And Waze has also become four revisions. The latest one has come in 2008. And Stanford Binay's latest was in 2003. It was the fifth edition. So, you have to remember all these things. So, when did Waze come first? In 1951. In 1951. Then, the second one came in 1981. This is the revision. Waze is revised. This is the third revision. So, the third number came. The third revision was in the year of the child and the fourth revision was in 2008. So, there are so many revisions. Now, let's read it again and again. Waze. In 1951, what is this? Initially, it was created as a revision of the Veshla Billipa Intelligence Scale. WBIS, which was a battery of tests published by Veshla in 1930. It became so clear. Then, what is your Veshla Billipa Intelligence Scale? It was composed of subtests that could be fined. It should have been spelled wrong. That could be fined in other intelligence tests of the time. What are the questions in this? What are the questions in the same way? Just like the intelligence tests that were being made at that time. For example, Binay Simon, Stanford Binay. Then, the Waze... Sorry, Stanford Binay. Binay Simon did not come after 1911. The Waze was first released in February 1955 by David Veshla. So, David Veshla is reducing the first Veshla Adult Intelligence Scale in 1955. Then, this test included non-verbal items as well as verbal items for all test takers and because the 1960 form of U.S. Terminus Stanford Binay Intelligence Scale was less carefully developed than previous versions. Form one of the Waze surpasses the Stanford Binay tests in popularity by the 1960s. What do you mean by that? See, it was launched in 1955 and then the new version of Louis Durbin in 1960 was not included in the better verbal, non-verbal and all these things. So, you can say that in terms of popularity, the Waze came forward in this form. Then, like the traditional Stanford Binay test, the Waze also provides an overall score. However, Veshla utilizes a different approach to calculating this number. He is also providing an overall score like Stanford Binay. But he is not able to do it like Stanford Binay is not able to do it. His calculation method is different. This is the Waze in 1955. Then comes the first revision of the Waze because it is not getting enthusiastic from it. What is happening in this? A revised form of Waze was released in 1981 and it consisted of 6 verbal and 5 performance of tests. Now, what is included in this? 6 verbal, meaning verbal, non-verbal. Performance is known as non-verbal. So, verbal has 6 tests and 5 performance tests. So, what are the 6 sub-tests of verbal? Information, comprehension, arithmetic, digit, span, similarities, and book. These will be the questions related to verbal sub-tests. How will we check the performance of the person? Picture arrangement, picture completion, block design, object assembly, and digit symbol. Meaning, arranging the picture, incomplete the picture, block design, assemble the object, digit symbol, such a question. There is no need to explain it. There is no need for any language. So, our result, what will be the score? What will be the verbal IQ? From verbal sub-tests, performance IQ will be performed sub-tests and the full-scale IQ will be done. Verbal IQ plus performance IQ is equal to full-scale IQ. This is going on in 1981. Then comes the third revision of the WES in 1937. What is this? WES 3, a subsequent revision of the WES, and the WES R was released in 1997. It is coming in 1991. I don't even know how my question was filed upon. Four secondary indices are connected to it, which one? Verbal comprehensive is leading in terms of emotional child, emotional child, emotional girl, emotional. So long It is called VIQ, performance IQ is called PIQ. So, in the verbal IQ, 7 tests and provided 2 sub-indices, and in the PIQ, 6 tests and it also provided 2 sub-indices. So, you will be able to understand better from the next diagram. See, this is the whole structure of Waste 3. FSIQ, full scale IQ, 2 parts, verbal IQ, performance IQ. The verbal IQ is then going into the verbal comprehension index and the working memory index, which is called VCIWMI. Performance IQ is then going into the perceptual organization index and processing speed index. P-O-I-P-S-I. Then, in these sub-parts, 7 verbal IQs and 5 performance IQs. Which 7? Vocab, similarities, information, comprehension, arithmetic, digit, span, or letter number sequencing. Whereas, performance IQ is being asked picture completion, block design, matrix reasoning, digit symbol coding, and symbol search. This whole structure is coming out of Waste, which is its third revision, which is coming out in the 19th century. Now, comes Waste 4. In 2008, the latest version. The current version of the test, the Waste 4, which was released in 2008, is composed of 10 core sub-tests and 5 supplemental sub-tests. Here, sub-tests are 10, and in 5, the supplemental sub-tests are also not matching. With the 10 core sub-tests, yielding scaled scores, the spelling of scaled should have been wrong. L, E, D should have been wrong. Scaled scores, that's some to derive the full-scale IQ. That is, the 5 supplemental sub-tests, the number of those sub-tests is not matching in IQ. Only the core sub-tests are matching in the full-scale IQ, FS IQ, okay? And the verbal performance IQ scores from previous versions, as we were doing, verbal comprehension index, performance index, that's gone. And now, what's in place? Indexes are going forward. Why? Because it's being revised, something is going on in it, some advancements are there, some things are there. Theories are changing, so the revision is going on. Then, the general ability index. This is a new term, GAI was included. What's in it? Which consists of the similarities, vocab and information, sub-tests from the verbal comprehension index. We just read it. Similarities, vocab and information, and the block design, matrix reasoning and visual puzzles, sub-tests from the perceptual reasoning index. You see, you see, vocab, similarities, information. This is the verbal comprehension, and this is the working memory. Okay. The GAI is clinically useful because it can be used as a measure of cognitive abilities that are less vulnerable to impairments of processing speed and working memory. Why? Because they haven't taken processing speed or working memory. Who has taken it? Vocab, verbal and performance. Look at this. Verbal comprehension index. Sorry, my cursor. Verbal comprehension index has been taken and perceptual organization has been taken. Working memory and processing speed have not been taken, they have left them. Processing speed and working memory have been left. So, the effect of age will not increase here. Then, indexes, scores and scales. This is the new inclusion. There are four index scores representing major components of intelligence. Which one? Verbal comprehension index, VCI, perceptual reasoning index, PRI, working memory index, WMI and processing speed index, PSI. So, two broad, this is also the new inclusion. It was joined in 2008, it was not in the year of the1997. So, we get two broad scores from the 4th version of the Bachelor Adult Intelligence Scale, which is not in 2008. Which one? We get one for FSIQ and one for GAI. So, in FSIQ, everything will be combined. Verbal comprehension index plus perceptual reasoning index, plus working memory index, plus processing speed index. This is written, VCI, PRI, WMI and PSI. But, what we will remove from GAI, we are not taking processing speed and working memory. What are we taking? VCI and PRI. So, we get two types of scores. Okay. That is why they say, Older adults. Why? Because, they are taking care of this, that intelligence is deteriorated in the older age. That is why, processing speed and working memory if we compare the new young adult and old adults, then we will be able to enter ourselves. In the older age, our working memory and processing speed is as much as you can say, means it is not good. Oh, what do we do? You can understand this with this diagram. This is its full scale IQ. W-A-I-S, W-A-I-S IV, VCI, PRI, WMI and PSI. Everyone's sub-test is written. Similarities, vocab information, block design, matrix reasoning, visual puzzles, working memory, digit span, arithmetic, core sub-test, and simple search coding. Supplemental sub-test numbers are not binding. Its marks are not binding. The core sub-test is binding. 3, 3, 6, 2, 8, 10. 10 is the sub-test. 10 is the core sub-test. Okay. So, how do we conclude W-A-I-S IV? W-A-I-S IV is the latest revision of facial and adult intelligence scales. The most widely used tests of intelligence for adults. So, you must have understood that this is specifically made for adults. It represents a continuing tradition of change and innovation that has been most evident in recent revisions of this case. I mean, we have taken tradition as well. The theme of W-A-I-S IV is related to all the innovations that have been connected with time in the area of intelligence. The most recent edition of the Veshkar Intelligence scales have involved dramatic changes based on research advances in neuropsychology. The cognitive neuroscience has told us that contemporary intelligence theories are telling us a lot as well as increasing sophistication in psychological measurement. Now, psychological measurement is going on as it used to be 50 years ago. There have been a lot of advancements. So, W-A-I-S 2008 is incorporating all of them. The W-A-I-S IV edition reflects the culmination of over 70 years of progressive revisions of the Veshkar Line of Adult Intelligence measures. So, you can understand that this is such a great test to test adult intelligence. Okay. So, we have completed the Veshkar Adult Intelligence scale which has 4 values. First, in 1955. Then after that, in 1981, 2008, something like that, or I am confused. So, you can see it clearly and then go back. So, we have to remember all of this. Okay. So, I will discuss this with you in an Indian Adaptation Bhatia Battery. We will finish the intelligence. And intelligence is a very important portion. And you have seen how much there is to know about it. If we know everything, then it will be better for you. So, thank you. And don't forget to like and subscribe to our channel. Okay. And join me in telegram group 2. Okay. Bye.