 The Portus Agusti, or better known as Cladionerva, was founded by Claudius in 13th AD and finished by an era in 64. It was built to add the congested port of Ostia. Here we can see the little basin of Ostia, the first port of Ostia. And then here the Portus Cloudius. To save on food, the last ship that Caligula had wanted to transport the colossal oblige from Egypt to the Vatican Circus was used in the foundation of the lighthouse here. It was a monumental work, but it was sometimes dangerous in the event of the storm. So the Emperor Trajanus, at the beginning of the 2nd century BC, built the large hexagonal basin, more than 32 hectares, still visible today and still used today. The rule of the port of Claudius began in the late antiquity and renaissance of the coast advanced until almost the end of the two piers. Now we have the port completely damaged, sorry, by the sands and some years by the mortar structures. Here they are of the port. We can see the modern center of Fumicino and Leonardo W. T. Ipor this year. In 1960, when the Leonardo Vincci Ipor was built, a section of the north pier was excavated. But only for 750 meters. The sub-tendenza of Lauscia tried to excavation, but did not find anything under 2 meters. A large part of the pier was destroyed and remains were too deep. For this reason, the reconstruction proposed, especially in the last century, were wrong. But in less than two decades, numerous gearchological investigations conducted by the Paris Institution and the Italian developed to outline the contours and the rotation of the port of Augustine. Now the extensions of the basin, 200 hectares, land of the two piers, 1060 meters for the north pier. The north pier is this. 1,320 meters for the south pier. This is Fumicino. And the location of the Highland Lighthouse is not clear. The lighthouse is here. The research continues thanks to the first project, the University of Guelph, which is diggin' the model at Allanderna. It's like here. And the Claude Francais de Roux from the Montreversa and the British School at Rome has been working for years with the Partis project. Despite the research, there are several aspects of the arbor complex still obscured. I would like to start with the famous status of Nero, this, that was often used as a model for representative partises. The core represents a basin with two converging arms here and the Highland Lighthouse in the middle surmounted by Colossal Statue here. The right pier seems to be in Auguste Pilarum, like a long arched bridge. While the left pier has a continuous foundation on which are founded the Portico building and the temple here, with maybe an altar. In the past, we can see seven ships of different size and shape and at the bottom of the arbor, a water god here, for representation of the arbor. In recent times, representation of the arbor has been discovered as a reliable document because, for example, the new features of the both piers have continuous foundation. However, I think that the image of the port in the core, in taking any case into account the schematization of the representation, could be more truthful than this close thing. As far as the start of the war is concerned, the various investigations have found a continuous foundation pier, such as traces of two buildings were found above the level of the pier. In the earth core, there is a portico building here, with two labbed entrance, which could be traced back to found structures. This structure could be the defining sets of war-haves, such as those that have been discovered above the internal pier of the Portus Euryus in the Lacus Lucreus Bayer near Naples. This is the Portus Euryus, the internal resin, and this is the channel, and here there was the Lacus Lucreus. We know it very well because, oh sorry, the north part of the north pier frequently consists of, okay, the Lacus Lucreus Bayer, they keep it with a particle along the front. The north part of the north pier frequently consists of structures. However, we know only this part of the northern pier, and we do know a good part of the building that lies under the Ronaldo Vici airport. Archer dams, at least in the final part, can be found in some portal structure, like in the case of the pier of the access channel of the Lacus Lucreus. This year, we can see one, two, three, four, five piles, tremendous piles that was connected by arches. And near the Portus Euryus, there was an Opus Pilarum, the Opus Pilarum of Petrolipe, tell you. We know it very well because it was covered by the new dam only at the end of the 19th century, and even for the famous glass flask where the pier is always present, like this, this, from Papalonia in Tuscany. This is the representation of the Opus Pilarum pier with an arched and collared Lusuin statue. Another port with an arched dam will be the Portus Lunae in the east of Liguria. Here, the archaeologists of Rinaldinza found some fragments of the pier, and it was in what he said that it would be an arched dam. More analogies, we can find the magnificent and good-preserved part of Chittavacchia. Always in Italy. Portus at Chittumciava. It was built by the Emperor Giannius, used and renovated from renaissance and part destroyed by the bombing of the island in the Second World War. The south pier here was completely destroyed, but we have some photos that can help us. The model of this port is obviously the Portus Agustin. We can see two converging dams, two converging piers and internal darsena, and the island with lighthouse probably in the middle. This is the darsena, internal darsena, like in the Portus Agustin, the west pier and the east pier. This is the island with lighthouse. We don't know where is the lighthouse, maybe in the middle. The west pier, starting from darsena, is an arched dam, ending with a lighthouse. L'intercruzici thinks that the sea currents coming from southeast collide against the east pier and the island, lighthouse. Texts even to recoup the line shape of them. And then the sea currents came out from the west map of the port and under the arch of the west pier. This solution could clean the backdrop, preventing the buoy of the basin. And in the case of Rossi, could reduce the undertow. Folletti thinks that the archer pier couldn't help to prevent the buoy of the basin. And maybe this is right. But we must say that the Romans think that this kind of solution really cannot reduce the buoy of the port. And in any case, the current could clean the surface of the sea. So we saw some Roman archer pier. And this could be even the case of the unknown part, the unknown segments of the port of Sagusta, the north pier of the port of Sagusta. Another point to the coin is the position of the island lighthouse. In 1830, Carina made a new reconstruction of the port, different from the others of Renaissance. We can see this is the north pier with an archer pier. We can see the island lighthouse and the south pier with two portico buildings and the temples. Here the position is wrong. The setting was maybe up to the lighthouse. This is successful for 150 years. And all with the Castagnoli, finally with Giuliani, that we had the position of the island lighthouse at the mouth of the port. The new search revolved more detail and now we know the exact position. This is incredible because this is the plan of Labacco, a Renaissance artist and architect. This is very incredible because now the new reconstruction is like this, with two dams for virgin dams and the island lighthouse in this position. The new investigation revolved a basin of 200 actors instead of 150 like Castagnoli do you think. This is thanks to some real picture where we can see the shape and the length of the pier. In particular the north pier is located more close to the coast. The walk can also be seen from the satellite photos. Here is the reputation of Giuliani. We can see this is the segment that was found in 1960 where the island lighthouse was built. This is the island lighthouse and then the island lighthouse. And here this is the Fiumicino channel. Here the south pier. This is the satellite photos where we can see this structure. This is the structure that see Giuliani in the island photos. Here we have the segments of the north pier that was discovered. Here are the airport of Leonardo da Vinci. So Giuliani thinks the pier was like this. And the island here. But what is it? It's difficult to say. And I think all in archeological investigation in that area I can solve the question. I can show you another picture. This is another satellite photo. We can see another structure here where Giuliani thinks there is a lighthouse. But I think it's very difficult to say what is it. And all in archeological investigation we can solve the question. I want to conclude saying that our system of narrow despite its schematization is useful in some way to have an idea of the port, not so far from reality. Thanks for your attention. Any comments? Any questions? In one of the maps there was some kind of stream. So this was basically to keep the harbor basin free from setting up to have always... So they integrated the runoff of a stream or a small river into this. Oh, this map? Yes. Here? Yes. Giuliani takes an aerial photo. This is a channel. But because there is a grass mark, crop marks on the ground. So this is a grey grass. And this piece you can see there is... The wall is this. And these two yellow lines probably were the sands. Part of the sands. So the new research with scoreings is here. Giuliani thinks that the pier is like this in this direction. So the basin was 150 hectares. The new research discovered some structures from a structure here and here. So the lighthouse is not here, but here. And the pier is like this with this shape. And south, Giuliani thinks that ended here. The new research ended here near this way. So 200 hectares instead of 150. But there is something. What is it? And this is what Giuliani and Castagnoni saw. It's a structure. And there is another here. Not here. This is a modern channel of the iron world. If you see this. Can you go back to the map with the drainage channel? This? Go to the white. This is the airport. This is the segment that they discovered in 1960. And this is the airport. And this is the segment of the northern pier. So Giuliani thinks like this. That's something. The area that has been indicated as a possible location for the lighthouse. What is the current, the cadastral status of the land? Does it belong to the airport? What will be the legal problems in digging there? It's the port. The island lighthouse is here. So it's private. The airport is here. This. And then in the north. But from this way that this Cocho di Marta, it's only private lines. They think it's an island lighthouse here. It could be even here like Giuliani think. Because they found it. They made the only coring. This is the new coring. The lighthouse is here. So they found all the chimney to concrete. Nothing else. They didn't find the last island. Maybe the Roman. Maybe in Trajanus age. They built another, oh my gosh, another Giuliani. Another pier. Maybe to protect the oldest pier. It could be. Yeah, it could be. How far is from the current sea? The current sea? Now? Yes. It's three or four kilometers. All right. I have an image, baby. Okay. This is the reconstruction of the island. And now the course is like this. I don't have it. The port of Gladio is only the basin of Trajanus. It's spectacular. Here's the San Maurio houses. And the south pier is here. So under the parking, under the houses. Do you have any ideas of how they prevented the harbor from setting up? Yeah. Because this is a common problem. They built another basin. They built another basin. Because they can't prevent it. It was very difficult. On one of the older paintings, you saw this one. It cannot go in north. Maybe out here. Maybe they redirected this to watch out the center. This channel? Yes. Yeah, this is the Fiumicino channel. But this is either for the flood of Tiber. There is another channel that was found two years ago by Simon Key. But I think, no, yeah, maybe I have it. It's the first. Oh, this is perfect. This is the Fossa Trajanus, the Fiumicino channel. And this is the south pier. There's another channel here that connected the Tiber with Elaguni in the north of the portus. So here's Elaguni, another entrance, a second entrance. And another channel. This channel and this channel. So there is Elaguni. And this mountain was a month of sand. And the canal in Tiber? This was the one that was on the shore? No, the canal in Tiber was built by Trajanus. Not by clouds so later. Even maybe the northern canal. But maybe by clouds, we don't know. This is a very, very new research. So the airport is here now. They're not just in Tiber. Yeah. Do you know that just from comparison, even in the modern period, not even thinking back into the Roman period, what is the prevalent direction of currents along the coast? Is it north-south or south-north? It's south-north. The prevent why wind is south in the region of Sirocco. So the currents like south-north. And I think for this, that this pier is a continuous relation. It's a massive pier. And then the north pier is different. Maybe it's an ancient pier. Yeah, you see where I was talking about this. Yeah. And I think the example we can talk. Civitalecchia, a part of the region in Chalas, is the same. Because it is in the same position in the terrain and sea, 30 kilometers from the port. The south pier is a continuous relation. So the current current came from southeast touch, collide to the pier. And you can see the shape of the pier. It's a curvilish shape. And then the high light jobs. So the current can enter here and can come out from this access or under the arched bridge. Okay. Yeah. And you can see this is the arched bridge. Thank you. Okay. Maybe some more questions to the last three papers or some comments to the earlier presentations. I have a question for the port of Carson. You found late Romans. Late Romans, one or two. It is here from the Roman period. There is an integration in this period and we have other shipwrecks associated with this period. Maybe just one sentence of the Dana Islands to complete. I mean, the number of these shipwrecks is astonishing over there. But I think the question which Professor Onnis and his team have to face is the chronology. It is what I know from some comments and from some colleagues. I mean, how do you prove it is a bronze age? Because it is the most exciting part. It is a bronze age. Of course, they are not single-faced. They are multi-faced because they overcut each other the sleep ways. And the conclusion, which is now is basically from the material, either from underwater or from the land which is on Dana Islands. There is also some written evidence about the islands. I know Hacken will explain that earlier and he actually used this written evidence as well. But basically, if we look from an archaeological point of view, most of the material starts from the 6th century BC. So it is basically out of bronze age from the early Iron Age. But it is still an interesting place and an interesting location. If you don't have any more questions, comments to the whole session, I am very sorry. I just wanted to ask you if I can tell you or not from the presentation that you gave for him. There seems to be a clear separation in distribution. The cisterns are on the sea side of the island and the sleep ways are on the straight, the mainland side facing the island. Did you tell me anything about the possible reason for this, possible explanation for this clear differentiation of those sides of the island, one for the cisterns, the other for the sleep ways? I don't know anything about that. I cannot answer this question. We also have to look at the islands. It's not occupied now. So basically, the question which has to be raised is the state of research over there. Because the first, of course, the sleep ways that were defined in 2015, and then they started to move with the archaeology on the land and find this cistern and they could be from different periods as well. I mean, the remains of the church, which is obviously from different periods as well. But it is something which I'm not able to tell you about the written evidence which happened to support his theories are also quite interesting. But definitely, it's the place which needs further research. One more time, I'm very sorry that we missed two or almost three papers from the cistern. It is out of our control a little bit. And as I also mentioned earlier, if you have the wheel and have some spare time, maybe we could move our less formal discussion to the bar and discuss that over the beer. And any of you is very welcome. And thank you very much. It was nice to have you here in this room. And thank you for your contribution and for your participation in this session. Thank you very much.