 Thank you, James, for kind introduction and welcome back from lunch. How many of you guys know what Zhiyunki has been doing for living before he decided to dedicate his life to make science more open? So do you know that Zhiyunki is a doctor, but what kind of doctor is he? And what he's been doing for a long time? I'll show you a short video. It's two minutes. Can you put sound on, please? Oh, hold on. It's volume off. Where these arteries are, what these arteries should look like, and where there should be blood flow. And when there's interruption in that blood flow, it sends off an alert. So the goal now is to get the clot out of the brain as quickly as we can. If we cannot get this clot out of the brain, that this whole area of brain that you see here in green, the whole area will be dead most likely. So what we did in this case is use a smaller bore catheter to grab the clot. This is actually the culprit for all his symptoms, and now we have it outside the body and we have full restoration of flow. Hello, Dr. Devlin. How are you doing there, sir? Pretty good. How are you? Good to see you. So, Zyonka is a radiologist. 15 years ago, I was brought into the Irish hospital with severe headache. And the following day, Zyonka's colleague Dr. Brennan stuck a wire into my leg, brought it up to my brain and sprayed in each of four arteries' contrasts, taking pictures of this contrast, filling up blood vessels in my brain. Then he called neurosurgeon, named Mr. Ravlak, and they looked at the pictures and they declared two things. First, they said there is not much brain, the Irish, and second, they said that what there is a mess. Couple of hours later, I had to bring back to the radiology room for another angiogram, and shortly later I was given two options. I had to decide the following morning whether they should perform open brain surgery on me or they should try to fix, to fill up the space which was created by Birsted aneurysm through my leg with a coil. And like in the situation like this, you really want to make the best informed decision as possible. But I was bound to the bed and the internet was still, the mobile internet was still quite poor then, so I asked three of my friends to do as much research as they can. And all of them, all three of them came back with the first thing they said that they hit the paywall. So I'm here to, I'm very grateful to Duzionki's colleague to introduce me to the problem of access to information. And second, I think we should all be very grateful to Duzionki for organizing this event. So I think he deserves another round of applause. I was very lucky to be born in the Soviet Union as a look back where all school books were free, education was free and medical care was free. But what I'm trying to say here is that I do not remember the moment when I consciously decided when, where and by whom I was going to be conceived. And that's, I think, true to anybody here. We don't choose our gender, our skin color, and we don't choose how prosperous our parents are. So I think that I have Soviet idealistic views that each life should be equally valuable. And I believe that anybody anywhere in the world should have access to the vital information when it's needed, like researchers, patients, doctors. We live in the world which is driven by algorithms today. So for example, in China there is a social scoring system on trial at this particular moment. And that system allows Chinese government to combine academic records with medical records, with criminal records, with social media records, with financial transaction records, and with shopping habits, and to assign to each and every citizen a score. So if you are buying a pack of napis, you are carrying parent and your mortgage, like the interest you are paying on your mortgage should go lower. If you are buying a pack of beer, you should expect that your health insurance premium could go up. And if you are disagreeing with your government, it's very possible that you won't be able to buy a train ticket. And if you are on the train, you should expect that, to hear an announcement that if you don't have a valid ticket, or if you misbehave yourself, this will be recorded on individual credit information system. This picture was taken a couple of weeks ago by one of my Twitter buddies on Shanghai Benjit Train. So it's all reality today. And if you think that any kind of legislation or your government will protect you from this kind of algorithms, you are dreaming, you are not real, because algorithms have no borders. And companies which provide governments with algorithms, they are at that moment refocusing from making money, from utilizing consumer data, to providing and selling information to your government, to your bank, and to insurance company. So on one hand, algorithms can be used to help people, to help patients and doctors to make life-saving decisions. On the other hand, it's just a tool that can be used against us. And when it comes to research data, publicly funded, how is this stored? Well, it now lives on over 3,000 institutional repositories around the world. And then it advertised in one out of 30,000 academic journals. And as we've learned from John Tennant early on in the morning, only 25% of them are open access. This map, approximately, of institutional repositories, all of them have at least three things in common. First, institutions which built them, invested lots of money, resources, to help them. Secondly, it takes at least 300,000 dollars at the very minimum to run each of them. And each institutional repository has a single point of, is a single point of failure. And I believe that we should move from infrastructure for preservation of research outcomes with science do not turn off into the system which cannot be turned off. And how the system should look like. I'd like to compare it with the road network. The first sophisticated road network was built by the Romans during the Roman Empire times. And they didn't invent the roads, obviously. But they were the first to decide that the roads have to be as straight as possible. And the roads basically helped the empire to exist for 500 years, and it became, roads became arteries connecting the vast network, like the melting pot of cultures, religions and institutions. They served the purpose. They allowed to move troops from Portugal to Constantinople as quick as possible. Goose delivered people were moving. So many of us here, I believe, want to build applications, some kind which will improve or which will make the science more open. I see applications as vehicles which go on the road. And if you like, and each piece of gravel on each stone which goes into the road can be seen as a research object. But before we're building this vehicle which will be using the road, I think we should have some kind of idea in what kind of condition. If this vehicle will be used, will it be, like, will, like, because unless we know for what kind of environment the vehicle is built, we may end up driving tractors, Belarus, on German autobahns, and drive from Barginis on Russian-Siberian roads. There is nothing wrong with tractors of Belarus, I have to say. They're probably the most unhackable tractors, which still remain. But let's stick with Lambos. How many of you want to build killer apps? Yeah. You? Yeah? No. No. No. We don't need killer apps. We need Lambo apps. In the Lambo apps, I mean applications, which Lambert Heller, who is on the back, who is Lambert Heller, he left, he has just left, all right. Lambert Heller and his colleagues, academic librarians, can advise their researchers to use when they come and ask him what they should do to comply with increasing demands from funders, from European Union, to comply with data preservation policies, and to make their research outcome findable, discoverable, and reusable for generations to come. Yes. Actually, Truchel Lamborghini, when he started from building tractors, and then he moved to supercars, and those lambors which I built now, they're still able to pass each other on the roads, because Romans, when they built their road network, decided that each road needs to be at least 4.2 meters wide, and we're still building around the walls, which are as wide as this. And if you look at the cross section of each road, it will create embankment, and you fill up with gravel and different sources of material put on top, and then it's maintained and lasts for many years. So in the same way, we should see digital infrastructure for preservation of scientific data, and vehicles which will be used, will go on top of it, and they will be using it. So there is a couple of people here in the audience, James and Carmen was participating in our events and junkies, and we've been thinking for what cross section of infrastructure for preservation of scientific data should look like, and it all starts from protocols. We need to decide what works and needs to be preserved. So we need to know what is data object and what kind of metadata we want to be preserved. We want to use peer-to-peer, openly licensed protocol, which allow to address each and every research object based content. Now there is a number of groups working in this space at this moment, like PFS has been mentioned already, which is Interplanetary File Sharing System, SafeMate is working on developing something similar or that project, for example. And we know for sure that the system, which is washed to be created, needs to be decentralized. Because, otherwise, we come back to the system which has a single point of failure, which can be switched off, intentional or not. And we need to reuse what's already useful, such as Digital Object Identifier or Orchid ID. Services go on top of it and applications. So, yeah, let's reiterate on it. There is a number of groups now deciding what research object is, and we need more academic librarians, like Lambert, to be included in the conversations like we are having here. Distributed, like, openly licensed hyper-media protocols, which allow to address those digital object based content. IPFS needs to be, like, we see it as a solution for creating this distributed system. And it has to be governed so in the way that we can audit and verify on what kind of system. And surely, you need to find stuff so, like, those objects need to be made discoverable. So, I'm inviting you here to help us to develop and to participate in designing the system, which, like, to design governance is very important. Because people who are using the system have to have a stake in it, and they have to be able to influence decisions which will affect it. So, if we want to use, if we want algorithms to benefit not only governments, corporations, and banks, but them to be employed to help researchers, doctors, and patients to make important decisions, we need to create a distributed system which allows us to make this data findable, accessible, interoperable, and usable. Yeah, so there is a number of groups trying to resolve it, to look at it on different levels. There is, for example, Freya Project, which is funded by the European Union. It's three years long. There is, like, a protocol labs working on IPFS, which created IPFS, and they're trying to resolve the problem with, like, those identifiers needs to be persistent and immutable, which is still an unresolved problem. The European Union has the European Open Science Cloud, which needs to be included into conversation. And then it's intercontinental, because in Europe, for example, there is research data alliance, very active in this space. And in the United States, there is data together, and I don't think that both talking to each other. All of them have to be included in conversation somehow, before, like, in order for us to create this infrastructure where we can drive Lambos. Thank you, Dennis. So we're now open for questions. If you put your hand up, Mike will come to you. I'll just maybe ask a quick one. Dennis, you do a weekly discussion forum, and you've done events. Where's the best place to find out about where you meet up? Yeah, we have a weekly call every Tuesday at one o'clock. You can find information on Gitter, probably, about it. And yeah, Tuesday call it will be the best way to contact us individually, and we'll let you know what's going on. Okay, thank you very much.