 Patients with progressive fibrosin interstitial lung diseases, FILD, and lung cancer have a high risk of mortality. Both diseases share similar pathological features, but the exact mechanism of their interaction remains unclear. Combined FILD and lung cancer is associated with higher mortality rates than either disease alone, and this risk is further increased by treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Antifibiotic drugs may offer some benefit in these patients, but more research is needed to determine the best course of action. This article was authored by Namrata Kauramani, Carlos Mochihua, Venorino Poletti, and others.