 I would wish to share with you some issues which are larger than this workshop, but related to this effort. Let me begin by first commenting on the observation made by a colleague, I think it was from National Institute, namely comment on the open source software. While I am recognized as an open source enthusiast, but I would like to clarify to all participants that the real world requires all kind of knowledge, tools and gadgets, whether they are proprietary or open source. Just because something is proprietary, it does not mean it is bad. People have spent a whole lot of time efforts to work out some ingenious sort of techniques or ingenious tools to develop things and it is only proper that they charge money for those efforts. However, large part of the knowledge that is so generated by individuals should rightfully flow back to the human common knowledge pool because that is what in the first instance is used by even the innovators to innovate whatever that is. I have already commented upon the patent regime and the IPR protection regime through copyright which ensures that while such innovative developers get some commercial benefit for a limited time, but afterwards such knowledge always flows back to the common. The real issue for us in India is that of cost. If there is some software which is very useful and costs some money, we should be able to pay that kind of money. If we cannot afford that, but still wish to do something similar, then we look for alternative. Open source is in fact an extremely strong alternative in various areas, particularly in programming areas. Look at it this way. The GCC compiler that all of us are using, the code blocks which all of us are using, the Ubuntu operating system which many of us are using, how much money we would have to spend if we were to buy proprietary product. Should we not be thankful to people who created such useful open source software? Sylab was mentioned by a colleague there. MATLAB is surely an extremely good product and in fact there are a few things which only MATLAB can do. Sylab cannot do, but 95 percent of the activities which you wish to do, computational activities, the plotting activities, simulation activities, et cetera, can be done by Sylab. Why not then, at least in our academic institutions, we insist that our students should use Sylab to learn those techniques and also to implement the computational projects that they want to do. Open source is a movement which is gaining ground increasingly because larger and larger number of students and professionals wish to learn and therefore they wish to look for open source knowledge contents including open source tools. IIT Bombay is committed to continue to work towards this. There are of course, proprietary research activities that are going on in IIT Bombay just like in any other institution. We have collaborative sponsored projects from industry where the IPR is necessarily protected but academically like any other institution we are inclined to encourage both usage and contribution to the open source movement. The second thing I would like to comment on the need for all teachers in this country in higher education and particularly in engineering education to seriously reflect on the way our education system is growing. Several of our colleagues during their feedback that the students are becoming increasingly examination oriented. That is happening because students feel that only when they score good marks in examination the society and industry will care for them. But please remember the students are not shying away from hard work. There are many friends of mine who tell me that students go to coaching classes instead of attending our classes. Well, I tell them look at the students. They are actually spending more money from their pocket after paying the fees to the college. They are spending more time because they have to attend the minimal required lectures because the rules and in addition they have to spend time in going to coaching classes. So they are doing more work. They are spending more money. Why are they doing it? They are doing it because they believe that they will learn something more useful. For them the usefulness may be from the point of your examination. But please understand that when a student prepares for an examination he or she also learns in the process and it is that learning which turns out to be useful. The serious introspection that we ought to do as teachers is that what is it that we are not doing properly? Is there something that we lack? Are we not found adequate in terms of our own preparation, our own commitment? If we believe that our systems and established methods of examination are perhaps not good enough and they ought to change what have we done to initiate activities to change them? It is easy my dear friends to blame any system. It is far more difficult to do two things. One, try to attempt and change that system. And two, more important, let the system be but within the system work out innovatively so that we are more effective as teachers. I will only say that teaching is an extraordinary privileged position. Please understand that the society even today in the days when money and things related to material wealth rules the rules even today at least in India and generally everywhere teachers are still respected. But this respect has to be earned by us to be sustained and that earning will happen only if we devote our energies, our attention and our mind to constantly introspect and see whether am I more effective in my teaching than what I was last year or not. That is when the progress will be made. I understand the difficulties faced by the teachers. There are many places where teachers would like to do their masters and PhD. It is not only mandated by the educational system but it is in fact desirable. Unfortunately they do not have opportunities to do that. Many of us are trying to ensure that such opportunities will come up in larger numbers now. There are many teachers who have to work for extraordinary number of hours just to complete the normal delivery of lectures. That is the reason why some of us are thinking of a blended MOOCs approach where students can listen to the lectures online but come to the classroom to spend time with you to discuss. In all of this, the participation, the contribution and the acceptance of the new techniques by teachers is absolutely essential. I would submit that while we can be critical of our students we should be first critical, be critical of ourselves. Are we doing enough? Are we doing enough about our teaching so that the learning has become better so that the learning will become better? Somebody asked me the secret behind my energy. There is no secret. Such energy is there in every human being. Each one of us has that energy. The problem with many of us is that we let that energy remain dormant throughout our lives. I must also admit that the environment in IIT Bombay, the fears that I got in IIT Bombay to encourage me and the enormous flexibility and independence that I got to try out new experiment has been responsible. When world permits you to do something different, you get charred up and you spend more energy in doing that. Then if something good comes out of it, you get more energy. That has been my experience. While you will be working under the precincts of your own college and institute administrations and university administrations, my appeal to you is please think of ways in which you can become more and more and more effective every year. Do not forget those 370 million Indian children who are waiting at various ages from 0 to 19 to benefit from whatever we do well. They are desperate because they know that only when they learn something well they will be able to survive in the competitive environment of 21st century, both locally and globally. The aspirations of the country are extremely strong today. I note that they are strongest in many decades that I have seen. Young people believe that they deserve better. Young people believe that if they work hard they will get something. They only expect the rest of the society and the system to help them in achieving their expectations. I will conclude by mentioning a very important small statement that our Prime Minister Modi made when he was addressing the newly elected parliamentarians of his party. I think he had not taken the oath of Prime Minister at that point in time. Maybe it was just after election results or whatever. But I distinctly remember one particular statement he made while addressing his colleague. He said people have elected you not to give you positions but they have elected you so that you can do something concrete for them so that you can fulfill their aspirations. And then he said, I will repeat what I remember he said in Hindi. He said, Aap chale yarna chale desh chalpala. Translated in English it means that whether you move or do not move whether you fulfill your responsibilities or do not fulfill your responsibilities but the nation and the young generation of nation has started moving. The implication is that if you do not move the history of the nation will remember you as people who did not fulfill their responsibilities and drag the whole new generation behind. Whereas on the other hand, if you move as fast as the young generation is moving your contribution to the younger generation and to the nation can be extraordinary. You do not have to do something fantastic for it. Just do a little bit more than what you are doing. Be a little bit more meticulous, be a little bit more inquisitive, be a little bit more experimental and be a little bit more committed. This is my appeal to every teacher who is attending this workshop. Together we can do a whole lot but I think there is a whole nation waiting with her aspiration. The students are waiting with their aspiration and unless we can continue to blame the system endlessly and I agree with you that there are so many problems with the system but while we attempt to correct those problems let us first concentrate on the problems that we have with ourselves. I think if we change ourselves a little bit perhaps we can contribute a lot more. This workshop has been just one attempt to relate to all of you, to share with you what few nice things we have discovered or we have invented or we have practiced in IIT. This was also a chance for all of us to gather through the comments and observations of our colleagues the interesting things that they have done or the problems that they have faced. Let this workshop be also an opportunity to say the let us seeds of a collaborative community. I will think that all these 8000 teachers who are registered for this workshop form a collaborative community at least in the area of computer programming let us work collaboratively over the next months and years so that each one of us can benefit from the collaborative effort to get something by which we can improve our teaching and by which we can improve the learning of our students. Thank you so much for your patience. Thank you so much for your participation. Look forward to continuously relate to you on this interesting subject of computer programming over and out.