 Rhaid i chi? Rhaid i chi ddim yn y fara fwy o'r pwysig? Rhaid i chi'n syniad y cwmysgol, yn ffwrdd hyn. Rhyw bach am ddweud, hwnna'n cael cyfnod o'i amserau o'ch pwysig y mynd yn ymwybodol. Rhaid i chi'n llwy, ac yn dweud o'ch ni'n dweud o'r ddweud. Rhaid i chi? Mae'n ddweud. Rhaid i chi'n gweithio? Rhaid i chi'n gweithio rhoi'r mylwyr gwirioneddol? Mae'r perthynau a'r perthynau sy'n ei fyddio. Mae'r perthynau, mae'n meddwl i ni, mae'n meddwl i ni, mae'n meddwl i ni. Efallai yw chweithiau. Rydyn ni'n meddwl y同 yr Nelsym? rydym ni yw rwy'r gweithiau'n Nelsym? Mae'r gweithio'n meddwl. Mae'r gweithio yw'r gweithio'n meddwl i ni. So, Mae'r gweithio'n meddwl i ni, er mwyn yn references. Mae'r bobl yn iawn yn nodi'n meddwl i chi. yw helytadverse. Dyna hwn yn bach i'w fwyaf y gwir o'r cyntaf. Mae hyn yw, yn dweud, ond mae y de invitingchau yn gweithio'r gwir o'r cyntaf. Rwy'n dweud sut mae'n gweithio'r ysgog, ac mae'n gweithio'r cysylltu'r hwn wylch maeth, nid yw un csill yn adrybu am y pwng Gzanadu o'r G deduction. A'r G�in o'r Gwll Gwll Gacă, mae'n gweithio'r Gwll Gwll Gwll Gwll Gwll Gwll Gwll Gwll Gwll Gwll yn dweud yn dweud, Ysrhaith yw'r ffordd o'r ffordd, i'w ddifudio, sy'n gwneud y llefydd yn ysgolion ar y tynbeth, yn ddifudio y ffordd, oherwydd mae'n ddifudio'n ddifudio'n ddifudio'n ddifudio. Mae'n ddifudio ar yr ymgyrch yn cael y pr�u rydyn ni'n gallu'n meddwl yn ysgolion. Yr hyn yn ei wneud y pethau. Cywethaf y mleidio. Gofyn y cyfnod Cellbe, byddwn yn credu ar gyfer'i normid yr uwch, ond... mae'r cyfeigeid i ddefnyddioikeu am d laut. Maen nhw'n mynd i'w ceisgo, mae'n mynd fydd yn cael cyfrydd. Mae'r grannol, neu mae'r rhaid am y tro yw cynnod. Mae'r cyfeigeid i fyf yn cael, mae'r grannol yn cyhoedd gyda'r rhaid i fyf yn cael fydden nherwch am glunawd. Mae'r grannol yn cael. Mae'r grannol yn cyhoedd, Mae'r ffaith gynnig yn ei fod. Mae yna ydych chi yn gweithio? Mae'r ei wneud y papur ac ond yn inaccurate ar y mynd. Mae'n edrych yn ni. That news and everything else. Most of the news is not quite right. It might not be wrong directly. But maybe not as you've expected to be. So, this is something you really need to think of in user experience. If you don't think about it in user experience, ..dyn nhw'n edrych yn ddigonio, fel y cyfgweithwyr wedi ei gweithio, .. ..y'r cyffredinol sy'n meddwl. Ac ydych yn ddigonio'r gweithwyr? A'r cyffredinol yn ddigonio'r gweithwyr? On yn ddigonio'r gweithwyr? Rydyn ni'n ei ddim yn ei ddweud? Rydyn ni'n ei ddweud? Rydyn ni'n ei ddweud? Rydyn ni'n ei ddweud? g Disew encontramos I teens MC wna ni'n rhaid y gwaith i ddvéx bwch hyn niy gweithio newydd g yn pas eich cynnig o'r farchfrwyth oherwydd eny mae'n gweithio a baldig i'w mwr內f godwydd yn ch 1982.� Y 하나 dweud trw improve sy'n cynn letterau nad o hyd yn cael travelling cyhoeddur, lle rocyn mascara merlau cyflym cyflym rhywbethio wynado hyn andr y llente, yn thểchedlu lle rhywading cyflyy, yn ben y lle'r hy Trungwmp gyflynyd y cwydweithio, y llyrif cael ymwys。 ddorosod o'i hwn i'r oed i ddarparu gael. Yn y ddod, mae'r sefydliad eich ysgol rywethef yn eu gallu'r ysgol, yn ei ddweud i'r ysgol, gof先 yn 50% o flynyddiad gyda'r eisteddf y byddwyd o hyn yn y dyfodol yn amgyrch chi'n gof, ydych chi'n gof yn 50% o frygu sy'n gof, mae 400 ysgol yn fwy o'i ddweud natïdedd. If you need five times the users to be able to get all of the 80% for each task that you need to execute. But because people want to believe that they can do an usability system for five users and they'll get proper results, get results that mean something to people, everybody wants to quote it because it's cheaper. So yeah, we can do it with five users. The reality is that you can't and the empirical evidence is on this chart to the right hand side. So this is what it's done by a programmer. Now, while I'm talking, I'm going to just point you to page 57. So if you look on page 77, there's two references. One to Noreport and the other one to Llewson. And their references are put in the text. Swap those references to type them. So Noreport and there should be reference to three. And Llewson should be reference to two. OK? OK, so Noreport mwad i'r hwnnw'r werth, i'w metr-analysed a number of usability studies. She found that when you look at the number of errors that's picked up in these usability systems even for one set of tasks, you can't do it. You just can't do it. So here you can see a set of five users. You get a number of 55% because these are very finding part of all the usability errors. Then, if we increase it to ten, well, it's about 80. OK, but still not brilliant. Still there's 20% of errors that are just out there, that go on soon. OK? And that's a problem. I mean, there have been no, in statistical analysis, there have been no statistical significance there. Now, 15, better, set of 15 users, much better, set of 20 users, better still. OK? Here, there's far more recall than there is precision. Here, you've got good recall and precision. OK? Reasonable. This is far superior between the bottom two. But this is still early. 15 users on one definite task, not an entire application. Yeah? So that's an error. But the usability community keep liking these five users. So when somebody tells you that you're a user experience job, oh, you do it in five years, and you're meant to tell them you can't. OK? The moon orbits the earth. Everybody knows that, actually. The moon orbits the earth, doesn't it? Any ideas? Why that might not be right? Does the moon really orbit the earth? It just spins? No, it does orbit. Yes. It orbits the centre of gravity of the earth. Absolutely right. Yes. So the moon orbits the centre of gravity of the two, which is very, very simple. It's not exactly the centre of the earth. OK? So we all think the moon orbits the centre of gravity, the combined centre of gravity of both. Yeah? That's something that we need to tell my man. Put tonight and say, oh, I'm going to see you next week. We're going to get a beer down here. Yes? If we're going to go to that, doesn't it also orbit the combined centre of gravity of the moon and the earth and the sun? Yes. Yeah? I mean, the centre of gravity of the two, which is very, very similar to the centre of the earth, I mean, there's a certain level of... The thing with all of this stuff is that you can... The problem arises when the level of detail has been abstracted away. The such that fact becomes only that. OK? If we still have that level of detail in there, that's right. So you're right. I mean, obviously gravity for everything has an interplay for the entire galaxy. The entire universe has an interplay. OK. Next one. Blind people can't see. Obviously. Is that obvious? Can blind people see? Or not? Depends on the level of blindness. Depends on the level of blindness. Good, good, yeah. And also, you said that once in the city, but is it kind of seeing a sort of having a view of space around them? Persection, yeah, perception of the space around them, yeah, that's one thing. Anybody else? OK, well you're right. There are levels. Actually, blindness isn't a definitive term directly. So, blindness, say, for world health organisations, is the ability to see things at three feet. OK? Now, therefore, you're technically blind. Profoundly blind people, people who can't see anything, only represent 4% of the total population of blind people. OK? So, 96% of blind people can see this. It may be very blurry, but it is very blurry, and it is shadows. There might be colours that they can see, that people are blind and see. There's very few people who are profoundly blind. So, when you're building something, you need maybe to take that into account in your interface with the other design. Do you not? Maybe that you want to make sure that the screen can be magnified very large and it still maintains its cohesion. Maybe you want to make sure that maybe you can communicate by some kind of different kinds of colours. OK, as well. So that colour changes are very perceived by people who are blind. OK? So, if you need to be proud, you should enjoy creating interfaces too. One, you can't see. Got some on those. All brands have the same organisation. OK? So, all of our brands are the same. We've got the visual cortex, the auditory cortex. So, we're building all that kind of stuff. It's all there. We're shaking your head. You look like a Renaissance man. You know what I mean? Well, the brains don't produce the colours that are all the same. They're all the same. The little effects can be the same for us. OK? So, that's a good... I like that level of detail. Excellent. Anymore than that. So, say, what did you call it? Yes. Well, I read a story and it was a bit of a hard truth. Someone had been... there was no between the atmosphere from one atmosphere to the other end. So, one of the atmosphere affected the value. Yeah. And the one atmosphere added to the function of the opposite value. Yes. Yes. That's right. That's right. OK. So, the brain is super adaptive. OK. Especially up to the age of 21, this thing that you're talking about is called neuroplasticity. OK. And so, neuroplasticity is something whereby our brains are able to re-purpose aspects which aren't used. So, for instance, for people who are profoundly blind, say, and they're going profoundly blind before the age of 21, then their brains, the vision of the brain, their brains, the visual cortex is your purpose for auditory and tactile often. OK. So, there's no more auditory cortex left. It's just looking at the tactile and it's looking at auditory, specifically auditory and tactile. OK. Sometimes it gives you an enhanced memory. Other aspects are still there. So, certainly within memory, other aspects are still there. So, for instance, you are told to cosurise and visualise something. Areas of the visual cortex will light up, even though you're not using vision, when you look at this in X-cams. OK. So, all of this kind of stuff means that we've milked in for lots of people, think, and I'm going to see what you've got to think for slightly different ones. Brains have the same organisation, auditory cortex cos your cortex, all that kind of stuff. But they don't. Vision is power, hearing is secret. OK. Who believes that to be the case? Nobody believes it to be the case. You're all gods and people, what do I say? In what way do you want to stage it? So, for instance, can we hear... OK. So, let's say we get beyond this point, whereby we think of sound wave and why we've combined two sound waves and they come out to... kind of thing. You've got this pretty transformant shot. So, yeah. Forget about the sound wave actually going into your ear. But once it gets into your ear, is it a serial? Is it serial or is it parallel? Most people, as far as the people that most people believe it's serial, whereas vision, it's parallel, because we can see lots of things all at the same time. No? I was talking about, like, how you can focus on what you want to hear. That's one point. Yeah, any more? So, the thing is that hearing is not serial and the reason why it's not serial is because the cochlear has the thing called the basal membrane and the basal membrane is like a graphic equaliser with a different neuron for each different sound, OK, frequency. And those all react together to any particular sound. So, they send a parallel sound signal up the neuron through what's called the audit which joins the left and right end spheres and then into the auditory cortex. And the auditory cortex processes in parallel, you think, in parallel, different frequencies of sound. What are we going to do? So, that's why you might be able to hear things in sec. It's a famous thing called the cocktail party problem, which is by Malcolm Chow in the 1950s where he's interested in understanding the different ways that we can actually interact with cocktail parties and how the sound works. So, obviously, we can hear multiple things going on at the same time. OK. But if you ask most people, go out in the street, that's no problem. Ah, now, here's your... I want you to think I've never seen this before. Can't be number of times. OK. Well, you can shut up, all right? Anybody else? Anybody else know the answer to this? If you know the answer, don't look or don't shout it out. This is a test of selective attention. Count how many times you're going to learn what passed the basketball. How many passes did you count? So, how many passes did you count? 15. 15 passes. OK. Did you all count those passes? And everybody, and what else did everybody see? Ben. Er? Gorilla. Gorilla. OK. 15 passes. But did you see the gorilla? So, this gorilla where you see it, 80% of the population do not see the gorilla. OK. So, 80% of the population don't see the gorilla. There's a number of other ones where they move, where the gorilla is moving, walking, and they're doing... OK. So, the thing with this is that most people don't actually see that. You know, the vast majority don't see the gorilla. Because they're so bothered with their selective and directed attention on one thing, their focus is on one thing. That's something we also have to be wary of. When we're asking people to do something and their focus becomes changed to that particular thing, focused on that particular thing we're asking them to do, then we start to miss lots of other stuff. And that means we don't have something called situational awareness. The situational awareness is important to the usability to understand where we are and how we can get from the next place. It's also very useful in... I mean, it's big in flight decks, flight control systems, pilots, that kind of thing. The situational awareness is really important. OK. So, the upshot of this is to think of these simple things to be curious, to be critical. Now, Coca-Cola were investigated, invested loads of money, loads of money in changing their coke, their brand of coke. They wanted the new cool brand of coke used with, you know, created the values we were looking at back in school, back in school. OK. It's a whole new recipe for coke. And they went out to do consumer tests through this coke, and hardly anybody booked it when they released it. Everybody said they loved it. Everybody said it was brilliant, the best in the coke there could be, and nobody liked it. In fact, people in America, certainly on the West Coast, used to take a truck down to Mexico where they still have the old coke and buy a truck of old coke from Mexico to really, I'm better than those but who's coke's coke's? What's that called? No, that was, it was coke covered, it's just made differently. It wasn't the air. Wasn't that it? Wasn't the coke covered? No. It's what you said in Mexico. That's it. Um... It's not the air. It's not the air. It's not the air. It's not the air. It's not the air. It's the computer scientist, I'm sure it do. It's not the air. Anyway, hardly anybody booked the new coke. So, why is that? What's the reason for that? Yes. So, because you're not a nice person? What's the reason for that? Well, I'm not smooth on the terms, but I'm a person who really likes what I'm doing. I'm a person who likes what I'm doing. I'm not a person who likes what I'm doing. I'm not a person that's bloodshot on the screen because it's not ..y'r cyfondi dda wedi bod arall, mae'r cyfondi arall a'r cyfondi, ychydig yn ei wneud hyn. A dwi'n ddim. Yn ni'n golygu y cyfondi, yn yr un, ond hefyd yn dweud y gweithio mewn mewn cyfondi... ..eg oedd. Mae'r golygu, mae'n gweithio mewn gweld y gwaith Northwyr wedi bod ynnu. Yn amlwg eich gobeithio deveilio can oes chi'n dda, oedd documentary mae'n lle solitary padd yn gweithio a oedon ni'n gweithio, Fod ygo chi'n ymchwil o'r ddwygar. Fod yw'r ddweud-, mae gennyn nhw'n gweithio'r ddwygar, mae'n gweithio yn 1 cwm, 1 cwm, 1 cwm, 1 cwm, 1 cwm yn y can oedon, ac pethau y dyma, ma nhw ychydig y dweud. Rydych chi eich gweithio'r ddweud yma? Rwy'n gyda no mor cyhoeddiwch ymwilol? On i gyd? Cymru, y gallwn eich campu mor unig y viwau, mae'n byw bwysig iaeth. Roedd anodd, yn rodd, mewn bwysig iaeth o'r hp... Ac mae'n bwysig iaeth gynfodd, a mae'n bwysig iaeth, oherwydd o'r hp yn yma yw'r wych. Mae'r bwysig iaeth, oherwydd o'r hp ar gyfer, oherwydd o'r hp sy'n hubbwyr. Cymru oherwydd o'r hp, maeth yn ni'n yma yn ddylch chi'n go iawn, yn ni'n gweld i ni, ond yn ni weld i pob gwybodiau'u gilydd. Michol, go diddodd, yn mynd i'n ei wneud i'r ffostig. Ac mae'r rhaid o hyrch chi'n meddiech chi i fynd i ddygu'r hyn sy'n mynd i'ch unig oherwydd llawer o'r ffrindwyr hefyd. Wyd nhw'n cael ei ei oedd. Mae'n cael ei ddim yn hynny'n teimlo bod i'n leidio arlau dderbyll. Beth yna ynghylch â'r leidio ar y rhaid? Yn y sylwet hannwch drwy'r cyffordd o'r rhaid i'r hyffordd, felly mae nifer o'r cyffordd yn lle gyd yna. Rydym nhw'r ymddangos, rydym nhw'n ffordd, ond rydyn nhw'n ddiddordeb yn ychydig, a rydyn nhw'n ddiddordeb, yn ogylched nhw, ond mae'n eich bodol i'n gorffod, awak'n rhaid. Rydym nhw'n ddiddordeb yn ateb... Rydyn nhw'n ddiddordeb, ond yr hyn yn dechrau i gwasanaeth, nad oedd ymddangos ble nhw dyma, rydyn nhw'n ddiddordeb yn ddiddordeb. Rydyn nhw ddiddordd o'rFeil yma yn eich cyfodol, a oedd y ddaethau o'r rhaglen gwerthwyddiwr. fel y gallwn i chi'n gweithio'r ddim yn fathiau sydd y cerddorol yn y ddweud. Felly mae'r llwyddiadau ymddangos yn y gyfnod y stryd yn ei gwaith. Rwy'n gweithi'n ei ddweud y gallwn i'r ddweud yma. Mae'r ddechrau ydych chi'n gwneud y gallwn ei ddweud yn gweithio. Felly mae'r ddweud yn ei ddweud. Wel, mae'r ddweud yn ei ddweud. Mae'r ddweud yn ei ddweud. Felly, â bod y ddweud, mae'n ddweud yma, mae'n gweithio'n gweithio, Mae'n cael pechydig. chewwch, a bod gwrs mor blyneddau a'r llamiadau fel y rhan oes yn ei wneud. Mae'n gwaith bod yn tro oedd yn ddim yn gweithio fynd ac yn dweud y drafnwg. Nawr, mae'n ddweud yn cael ei fod yn llawer y drafnwg. O lam, ydych chi'n gyfrifyrwyr trafodd gweithio, mae'n bobl nodd gan bywyd y dyfodol iawn. Ar ddi gan gwedd, mae'n ddysgu fwy o'r fawr... D Differentiaethau ceisio arall oes yn gweithio fynd, Siw'r ffordd y ddweud y maen nhw yw cymhwys i psychologaeth, ac mae'r ffordd yw risg iawn. Rhywch yn ei fod yn gwneud cynnig o'r ffordd o'r ysgrifennu cymhwytoleau yn ysgrifennu. Yn y gallu ddweud y ddim yn ei ffordd, ac mae'n mynd i'r wneud yn ysgrifennu fe yw'r ffordd yw'n meddwl o'i wneud yn ei wneud yn ysgrifennu, ac mae'n ffordd yw'n mewn. yw'r ddau ystod, a'i dywed yn ei ddoi am y gallu yn fwy. Felly, roeddwn i'r mirmerau bod ydych yn ddod, o'ch mynd i'r bobl llawer i'n ymddangos, ymddangos, o'ch mynd i'ch ddorol i'r barff, oed dyna'r brosesiau, mae'n bryd bod i'n defnyddio'r rhain, byddwn i'r rhan o'n yneptio'u bod Mae'r ..... No, that would be the information. No, no, no, but it was. It was the most information. So that comes back to it. Be curious and be critical of the user experience. Make sure that you want to understand what's happening, understand what's going on, understand the interactions between people, understand how they tick. Okay, but also make super critical. Yeah, be super critical about it. Anybody know who this model man in the chat? It's like, who is he? Anybody have any ideas? No? He's old dudes. Yes, I know what he meant in the heuristics. No? No, didn't he meant heuristics? No? So this guy's called Vanavar Bush. What a great name. Anyway, he's called Vanavar Bush now. Vanavar Bush. Anybody got any ideas about Vanavar Bush? So, he's an HCI in the old days, and there's a very nice 2010 edition of interactive computers which talks about this, the evolution of HCI. HCI comes from multiple different disciplines in computer production, from multiple different disciplines of which user experience is one particular part. Now, the disciplines that HCI comes from are psychology, sociology, anthropology and computer science, mainly computer science and all that. But this smushing up from different places of different kinds of research from different domains means that there's no definitive idea about, really, about HCI and its origins directly. So this, you should know, is my, if you like, origins of HCI and most people who are computer scientists and technicals origins of HCI. So this guy, Vanavar Bush, wrote a paper, as we may think, it's called, 1948. Vanavar Bush wrote a paper for the Atlantic Review, which is the Atlantic Quarter. And his idea was that the mind operates by association. Now, you might be thinking to yourself, well, we don't know what it is, we don't know anything about that. The reality is that in the old days, we thought that along the lines of indexes, if we wanted to find information, if we wanted to find knowledge, if we wanted to do searches, it would be by an index, and we'd have to make sure that everything was indexed. The new decimal system is one such indexing method. Okay, so the human mind operates by association was something that we didn't really think of, that we shouldn't be looking for things in micro fish films, in standard catamels indexes, we should be looking for things in this kind of linear way, because our brains don't operate normally. We should be looking for things by association of what they're associated to, just like our brains do. So this guy created this conceptual system called the Memex, and the Memex is the prototype for the web and for the 10,000s.