 So, good afternoon all of you and welcome to the course design technology and innovation. This course is a combination of three large sort of areas not even disciplines where we need to see you know how we can come up with innovation using design and technology that is our major focus. So, for today's class we will consider the Jaipur foot as our case study. Second aspect of the Jaipur foot is that it is a prosthesis. The prosthesis are different from ones which are put inside the body. These are which are artificially they are supporting the body from external aspects when there is an amputation or you know some deformity in the legs or in the hands. So, this Jaipur foot is an extremely unique design and according to me one of the best innovation examples in the country. This was started very interesting collaboration between a craftsman called Ram Sisharma who was you know basically building polio calipers for children and he observed a bicycle on the road and said why can't I make a foot as strong as the bicycle tire for these you know kids. So, he started building wooden mock-ups because he is already working in the SMS medical college in Jaipur. He had this orthopedic surgeon Dr. P.K. Seti. So, he would go to the doctor and say I am working on this. So, the doctor would give him all the anatomical details what type of system should be done, what type of gate the leg would have. So, all those details he would provide and both of them together built multiple samples. So, those are the initial you know development which happened. So, basically the Jaipur foot will have three major components the prosthetic foot the most critical one in this design. The knee joint if it is an you know upper amputation above the knee amputation you will have a knee joint and a socket and shank to fit the thigh areas. So, below the knee processes you will just have the foot and the shank which will fit into the leg. In 1969 they started but it was not going forward they were doing some 10 or 20 prostheses for various you know patients who would you know lose their limbs and it did not you know really scale up. So, the scaling up was done by DR Mehta who was an IAS officer who took special interest in the Jaipur foot and he has to he had to pick it up from the hospital and make it into a society and he said I am going to provide this Jaipur foot free of cost and the quality will be phenomenally good and then since then you know this has been a revolution. So, interesting situation is that the doctor and the craftsman team kept the Jaipur foot at a very low volume level not because of Jaipur foot did not have the potential just because of the human tendency of not understanding how you can scale up whereas an IAS you know Indian administrative service you know retired professional would actually talk about scaling right talk about reaching more number of people. So, his whole strategy was how can I make this reach across the world you know across the country to all the you know people who are handicapped. We have dancer from you know Andhra there was a movie called Nacha Mayuri and she actually danced in a program and there was a large movie and that made it very popular everybody got to know about it and the you know a lot of people started coming to Jaipur to get the foot. So, that is how the whole journey started and our interest in the product came up and I visited the place I got a phenomenal insight on how this Jaipur foot was helping the poorest of the poor in the country. The people who get amputed generally are farm laborers truck drivers salt pan workers tell me why would a salt pan worker have an amputation salt pan you know making salt infection from any cuts or wounds in his leg while being on the sand. So, that infection can cause gangrene and then they need to amput his leg a lot of people are there like that. So, you know that is a very good case for us to consider a salt pan worker where else you see you know standard cases of amputation heavy machinery very good heavy machinery generally you have amputed arms legs in heavy machinery little less but it is there and you know truck driving and you know accidents are more common you know for the leg amputation. So, here you can see the person walks in he gets the processes and he goes back the same day walking unbelievable all this is done because of the association the Bhagawan Mahavir, Viklang, Sahitya Samiti so the vision of BMVSS you know is that you know they want to actually give both the physical economical and social rehabilitation the whole organization which built that type of system because the people who come it is very important the people who come are you know extremely poor in fact most of them who come don't even have their breakfast so when they come they give them food for the everlasting credit of DR Mehta that IS officer he said Chakravati did you observe that these people who come don't have one disability they have three disabilities one is amputation the second is they are extremely poor because why they got amputed I believe they were out of work for six to seven months well they were recuperating with the operation or with the leg and they would there all their finances would have dwindled and then the third disability is that they were ill-trained they only had a skill the large number of people who would come 90 percent 95 percent of them so I need to tailor make the design to suit the design of the complete system to see those type of people if I identified only one disability as handicapped then I would do anything in the world let me give a small example over here we had Abdul Kalam who was the very senior scientist at the defense metallurgical research laboratory much much earlier he went to the Jaipur centre Jaipur food centre and he said my god this Jaipur food is very heavy because I am coming from the context of metallurgy and fiber reinforced plastics and polymers and all those things so sorry I have all these technologies in defense metallurgical research laboratory why can't I use it for the benefit of the people very noble thought okay so the project was given to DMRL so DMRL came up with this fabulous carbon fiber shank to be mass manufactured in a factory then made the food design the best possible rubbers and that's it and it's in the showcase of DMRL even after 25 years now I tell you what happens there it's very interesting that it is not just technology or research or value proposition it's about the combined effect of the situation for which the product is being made every small component in the product from the cost from the customization from the delivery from the mechanism from the deployment everything is very important just imagine that processes was costing 30,000 rupees and the Jaipur processes was just 2000 rupees DR Mehta would said I would actually fit with 2000 I will rather fit 15 people rather than give one to one high end process to one guy so I'll say 15 lives rather than saving one life so he didn't pick up the technology so this is the interesting study where I'm trying to say that you should not come from your perspective for any of these type of very interesting studies of innovation you need to very be very focused from the perspective of the end user whom are you you know working for so that's the issue about the social rehabilitation for the disabled so let me show you a video on how the thing is manufactured you all observe very closely of how the whole aspect of the you know aspect of the details it will do about customization about finishing it off one day type of manufacturing what all is happening you know I like to run this video for you so this is the center in Jaipur they come in they sort of you know they are taken in one by one everybody comes in you know to take their cards and very simple process of using a plaster cast to get the exact mapping of the stump then you make a male cast out of the female thing and you have the stump which is your exact replica of your lower knee process and then you use you know the process of plastic forming and he's now adding the leg part to it so you add the PVC to fill plaster in that so that you get a complete leg part so these are those high-end you know polyethylene pipes which are heated when you heat plastic thermoplastic to a temperature they become malleable they become moldable so you know get the size into shape and then you come down to the bottom parts where single single plastic you know small small parts various you know fingers are put together bound by rubber and then you know put into the die and then pushed into the vulcanizing machine which is the oval and here you have you know after the vulcanizing you have your foot piece ready so once the foot piece is ready so you got the old pipe ready and then it's fitted on to a human body and then you know the person then goes home with the leg so this whole process happens in a day because the VMVSS has done all the planning of keeping all the parts ready manpower ready who know how to you know handle these type of large number of people and take the thing you know forward so there are a lot of things happening a lot of tests happened the whole world stood up to this innovation thing that there's something great about this part because this leg the processes was better than the imported processes in multiple ways tell me one thing if this processes was costing two thousand and it is better than the processes from Germany auto walk or the American processes what do you think is the reason any guess very good one sure short thing is it's exactly the human foot but that but that doesn't give you that type of advantage more people can get it that's also a very very good point very good hit on the top top mark is for customization what happens in international process they make sizes small medium large XL and whatever sizes you make when you put on your stump it will be loose it will never fit exactly to the size of your stump so what will happen this is a processes walking so much a moment so the scaling happens on your stump you get source on your stump with that problems get further component they stop using the thing you know and if you get a swollen stump you can't use your processes so it's extremely critical so look at the beauty of the design this design with the limitation and the hard work of bringing all the people to the processes to various locations you bring the people in right it's completely reverse of an international you know supply chain activity so by doing that you are getting something which is highly valuable for a product like a processes if I treat off I would read off mass production to customization got it so you said that it's custom made so is there any part that is pre-made the part that is not attached to the stump yeah very good question it is customized but the customized part only is a stump stump whereas the foot parts are already available whereas the pipes are formed as per the heights of the people so only the customization part is the is the pipe assembly the formed you know stump assembly okay so today it is you know the most widely used process people run people play in performance it's more closer to the natural foot because here when you do a standard processes you can't bend your leg amount of bending you can do in this leg okay so here we have customized fitting of the leg better than the imported processes the biggest advantage comes that you can work in your salt pan again because it's completely sealed look at the bottom it's rubberized silicone rubber so you go with a salt pan leg nothing happens to it the top is highly chemical resistant polyethylene pipe so that's also you know very very good for your use and then you know people can work in agricultural fields paddy fields and there's no issue at all and the best part is that you know you can go barefoot so it culturally matches our requirements of sitting on the floor going to temples you know and multiple aspects which made the cost go down drastically and the production happened at large scale tell me when it's non-profit lot of people donated huge amount organizations donated even our ministry of welfare government came back and said wow you're doing a great job can i give you money so you know that way there was a lot of service to the underprivileged and the handicapped people and the key to the success in all this was meeting a common goal you know those three disabilities i was saying meeting the three disabilities in the best possible way tell me how will i meet the disability of being extremely poor what would i do there it's low cost but he's not spending money so they they thought up till that level they said my god this person is already was in the hospital he's finished all his his show he sold his one acre plot he's got nothing to do so they thought about all that and actually they rehabilitated them by giving them cycle rickshaws this is most probably for the you know people with the hand amputation they work with them also while they manufactured the jaipur foot they would manufacture cycle rickshaws and also give them the setup a separate factory to give them the rickshaws for because once you have mobility you could do a lot of work and you know they can peddle and taking forward giving them job training and women would be you know given sewing machines and some of the men would be given a tea shop kit i was completely sort of you know floored when i saw that while they were going out they were hand over these you know kits which just would cost 2000 bucks a thousand rupees in the hole and you know they would go out empowered to lead the life as it is very traumatic the whole family is dependent on this one breadwinner and you know he's down the whole family you know takes into the next level every organization like the wind i've been working with jaipur for the last 10 years a lot of iat's lot of large institutes large companies start coming in very very heavily they have some of the best gate labs set up at jaipur in the you know center for process and orthopedics people have donated heavily for you know study of various aspects of below the knee and above above the knee processes and then as usual you know we had a lot of philanthropists you know latin tata then then the u.s. secretary of state commerce john braz and a lot of these interesting visitors would come and because of that what happened the visibility increased and more and more technology started getting used