 I am P. V. Ekhande, working as an assistant professor in Mechanical Engineering Department at Walsh Institute of Technology, Solapur. So, today we are going to observe the problems related with the projection of planes. At the end of this session, students will be able to complete the projections of planes by using coordinate systems and to find the strike and dip of the given plane. Finding the strike and dip of the triangular plane, LMN, the coordinates for that plane are given as that is for corner L is 40, 60 and 100. Coordinates for M those are 60, 80 and 120 and for N the coordinates are 80, 30 and 140. Now as we know, these coordinates are indicating the position of point on the plane for its front view and top view. When we consider 40 millimeter, the 40 millimeter stands for the distance on X axis and the remaining two dimensions that is 60 and 100, those are for Y axis but on that Y axis, first figure that is 60 will indicate the position of that point for the top view and the second last figure that is 100 mm over here is indicating the position of the point on the plane for the front view position that will be as I say LF in this case. Now we will start solving the problem. For this first we have to draw the coordinates X and Y, so X as we know that is a vertical line which is to be completed and on this vertical line the dimensions are to be marked as I said 10, 20, 30, 40 like this in the increasing order will be marking the dimensions in the vertical upward direction and for Y axis the dimensions those are to be taken in the horizontal direction. So on this horizontal line will be marking the distances for obtaining the positions for the first figure that is 40 millimeter. Now for L when we consider the point, the point L is to be located for the front view at 40 and 60 millimeter and the point L in the top view that is to be indicated on that vertical line which is to be completed with respect to this 40 millimeter distance. So first step is to complete the position of L on X axis at 40 millimeter distance. Before that just we will mark the points in the X direction at the distances 10, 20 and then we will locate the point on that so that it will be better to locate the given position. So these are the points which I am marking over here at the 10 millimeter distance each. Now what is the maximum figure on the X axis that we are going to consider from the given points. Now when we consider these three points L, M and N in X direction the maximum figure is 80 millimeter. So N point is at 80 millimeter, M is at 60 and L is at 40 millimeter. So we will mark up to the positions at 100 maximum. So this point is at 10, 20, 30, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100. So we will see on Y axis where to locate the points and for that again when we observe the corners in that case the maximum figure given is 140 millimeter. On Y axis we have the dimensions 60, 100, 80, 120 and 30, 140 so maximum dimension is 140 millimeter. So we will mark the distance say up to 140 millimeter in the vertical upward direction. So these points will mark first so that we can directly locate the point on that Y axis. So these are the points at distance 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140 and last we can consider as a 150 millimeter. Now on these two axis we are going to locate the points from say L corner to N corner. First we will consider L for that the distance on X axis is 40 millimeter. So with respect to this we will complete the line in vertical direction on which the remaining two dimensions are to be marked. So this 40 millimeter line on that now we are going to locate the points at 60 millimeter and 100 millimeter. So those will be points for the front end top view. Now first point is at 60 millimeter and second is at 100 millimeter. Now the first point that is 40, 60 is L in the top view. So we will call that point as a L edge and the point which is at 100 millimeter on this 40 millimeter distance line is for front view. So we will locate that point as a L F. In the same manner we will be locating the remaining two points that is 60, 80, 120 for M point and for N point 80, 30 and 140. So we will locate 60 millimeter distance on X axis and from this 60 millimeter distance first we will complete the line in the upward direction that is Y axis direction it is a line parallel to that on which we will be completing the positions for the two points and those are for M point. So the points will be M F and M H. So 60, 80. So from 80 millimeter we will draw the line parallel to X axis which will have the intersection over here or we can directly locate the distance 80 over here. Now second point is 120 millimeter at 120 millimeter distance. So for that again we will have the line parallel from that 120 millimeter distance. Now this point is in the front view to be denoted as a M F which is at 120 millimeter distance and the earlier point that is 80 millimeter distance point that is to be denoted with the suffix H as the point will be on top view side. So that is M H. In the same manner we will have the locating of N point which is at 80 millimeter on X axis. So at 80 millimeter distance again we will draw the line parallel on this parallel line we will locate the points at the given distance that is 30 is the first point that 30 millimeter distance we will locate the point on this 80 millimeter line and on the same line the another point is at 40 millimeter distance. So that point is N F for the front view position and in the top view the point is to be located as a N suffix H because that is the top view point. Now we will connect these three points in the top view to get the top view of plane L M N and we will connect these three points in the front view to get the front view of the plane L M N. In between these two views we can draw the line F H which is a reference line which can be completed at approximately mid position. So this point is at 100 millimeter distance whereas this top most point of the top view is at 80 millimeter in between this at 90 millimeter then we can draw the reference line F H. So this reference line F H now with respect to this reference line the necessary parameters are to be calculated. Now we will complete the top view by connecting these three corner positions and remember that the actual plane that is to be completed with the dark line and the projectors which we have completed for these points that is N F or N H for that obtaining it we have first completed the line that should be a faint line. Now when we connect these three points we will find these three points in one line because when we consider the difference between these two so 20 and 20 so that has got the 45 degrees angle here also from this it is 20 and 20 so 45 degrees angle so it is in one line and that itself is becoming in this case as a edge view of the plane. Here the projection of the plane L M N in the front view has been obtained as a edge view instead of its position as a triangle whereas in the top view we have obtained that as a triangle. Now here we have to calculate or measure the front view and top view of where to find out the strike and dip of the plane. So strike for that purpose we have to consider the true length line from the plane which will indicate which is to be indicated in the top view and for that purpose here when we consider the point M from which the starting line in the top view is in the true length because here that indicates the point view. So when we consider the line in the top view starting from this and for example we will consider this top view intersection point as a pH so this line is the horizontal line from the plane which is nothing but the strike of the plane. When we consider the strike of the plane with respect to this M point it is in the downward direction so the strike for the plane is due south strike of plane is due south with respect to M point and this is a strike line which we have obtained by considering the horizontal line from the plane. Now what is the dip? Dip is the angle made by the plane with the ground or with HRP so this angle is dip angle. Dip angle over here is 45 degrees so dip angle is 45 degrees. What is the dip direction for that when we consider the plane inclination it has got the downward inclination in this direction with respect to the man position which we can consider as a standing on the HRP or the ground plane. Now this plane is having downward inclination in this direction so that is to be marked in the top view over here as a line perpendicular to strike line so this line is dip direction of the plane. Now this dip direction of the plane is due which direction that is due west so dip direction is due west. So have you understood the procedure of calculation drawing of the plane or drawing locating the points with the coordinate system for which the numbers or the figures will be given from which we can draw the location of the different points on the coordinate system. Thank you.