 We're now going to look at the third conditional. Consider the same situation as we've been using for the first and second conditionals, but putting it into the past. We're looking at the past result of an imaginary situation that occurred in the past. So with that in mind, the sentence that we would produce from this, if I'd won in the past, what would be in the result in the past? If I had won, I would have taken you on a cruise. So it's a completely hypothetical situation, an imaginary situation in the past that didn't occur, and this would have been the result if it had occurred in the past. So let's have a look at the structure of this conditional. If I had won, we're looking at a past perfect clause, would have taken you on a cruise. Would, could be substituted, could. Also might have taken as a past participle. Students often ask, why is this not the present perfect? I have taken you. It would be a typical present perfect sentence. However, referring back to one of the previous conditionals, if we change the pronoun from I to she, in the absence of the modal would, could, or might, present perfect, she has taken you by introducing the modal have is always used regardless of the pronoun that is used in the sentence. Let's have a look at the usages. We're looking at regrets and also used for excuses. If I'd known it was your birthday, I would have bought you a present. Let's have a look at a teaching idea that could be used for the third conditional. A nice one that can be used, can be used for other conditionals as well is tennis. For example, two students or three can work in a group and they try to use the endings of the previous sentence for the start of another example. If I'd known it was your birthday, I would have taken you for a meal. If I had taken you for a meal, we could have gone for a walk afterwards. If we had gone for a walk afterwards, we might have seen the sunset and so on and so on until one of the students is unable to complete the sentence. And then the other student is the winner and set up different situations that are appropriate for third conditional.