 If you go culture and pretty much everything that you see here, from arts to the games and livelihood, pretty much revolved around the cultivation of rice. And it's not just any ordinary rice, we call it heirloom rice now. Indigenously we call it tinawan. And each cycle in the cultivation of the tinawan has its own distinct practice, rights, significant events. In connection with the cycle are born the artifacts which started as really utilitarian. I mean these were used as utensils or in connection with what they needed to perform the rights and in their daily living. There is no plate before so they have to put the rice here. Then the family members gather around then with their spoon from the hookup or this basket they eat. But this kind of basket also issues during rituals. Before the performance of a ritual, this has to be placed at the middle. Wherein the items needed are placed here. Like for example we have the rice, a piece of meat and then on top here we put the clothing of the dead members of the family. Then money, if there are, because the money before were coins. Saninwa, yeah, coins. Then beetle nut for them to come and share. And then the piece of meat where there are other attached parts of the chicken on top here. Before they would perform the ritual. Then another function of this, engagement. Yeah, the engagement ceremony if we say it. Yeah, there is the hookup that they would bring to the house of the woman, the girl from the man. This square basket is ikugaw winnowar, this one. Now it is used to clean the pounded rice. Now that is the basic use. Now the other one is to let cool the glutinous rice after it is cooked, cool it there. Before you try to put the yeast or binok bok and then put it here for fermentation. But we have here the blips of the bananas before you put the glutinous cooled rice. Now this is for catching fish in the rice pan. Yeah, the first fish that we had in ikugaw is the mud fish or the delug. Now these are fish drops. Fish drop for the yuyu. The basic use of this is fish drop will be. Now this is the alawin or the shell baskets. When you go to the rice fields you clean, there are some shells that you could gather. Originally we did not have kuhul, we have the batikul, a very delicious one. Indigenous shells. Yes ma'am. Like the kuhul but different in the man. So the women hung this one so as they try to clean in the rice pan and if they get put it there. And included also during harvest when there are eggs of the birds that hide among the rice, the rice stalks to put it there. So all things that you gather which are edible, you put it there. Yes, all the same. And this one is for the fish in the river or in the streams. There is a kind of fish, a short one that is found in the river. So we use this kind of fish drop. Ah, there's another basket ma'am. Ah, this one. Dyspoon basket. We hung it there at the side of the native house where after eating in that rice basket, they wipe, they spoon and then put it here. That is originally what had been done. There were no batteries in the place but instead of clay, they used wood as a medium for vessels. So you have wooden plates, wooden laddles and that's hard. Yes, these are the inchinoos spoons. These spoons are made from the coconut shell. They try to shape it like a spoon and use it. Now we call this kinak tagang. Kinak tagang. Now this is the wooden spoon. Now before it was just pulled like this. But later because of hearts, they try to put some images or like that. They try to make it artistic like this one. These are the different bowls. Wooden bowls. We're in, of course, the shape. We have the scallop shape. Then we have the plane ring. Different shapes ma'am. Now we have only this one. We have our native term for this. Batangni. It is a twin plate. They say it in what I have read. Twin plate but we call it in ifugaw, batangni. We're in twin. This is for socials. These are the ritual materials. When you say ritual materials, is that for ashes? When they try to perform rituals. There are rituals that needed this one. Like for example harvest. They needed this one. Including the bulul. Including the bulul. So they would put there many things. That's why sometimes the other things are black. Because previous, yes. They put there the tail of the butcher. The pig. Or the rhono that they used to kill the pig. They put it there. But this one, it is a ritual box for a murdered person. A murdered person? When they try to perform ritual when there is a murdered man or person. They try to use that. There are many things that are placed there. We are sacred. That is owned by the person? Owned by the member of the family. The person belong. Pun gam dan. This is the pun pamaahan. Where you pour the rice wine. So everybody could just get from there and drink. The same with there. Now this one mam is dipung gol tan. This oblong bowl. When they try to butcher the chicken. The blood is it would flow there. They would try to read the bubbles of the blood. If good or there is something wrong. Yes mam. Also they have carved images of the gods. Like the lulu which is pretty much the most significant god. Replicated in wood statues called the bulu. And this is supposed to protect the rice and the rice wine. Sa bulul nasinasabi namin. It may be very ugly. But yung mga forefathers na anudon. Very valuable. The strongly believe that this bulul nasinasabi namin. Yung maliit lang na tao na kaupob. Can help them. Lalo-lalo na sa amin yung sa mga harvest. Pag alam nila. Malaki ang naitu-tulong ng bulul na ito sa mga harvest nila. At sa kayong success ng buhay nila. Nga bulul pa hindi ang di po lang sa inotanda ng bulul. Ngayon minyo kumaya-bayag mo. Mga maribahis makan ma-paotan. Minyo pumimintas mo nang maala naman ng pulman di tago. Nga hindi ni ang di. Adi ma pulman ni ang di tago. Ang minyo kasala abstract. O minyo nang bulul han di. Sempre nang babak nang han di po lang. Anong tango ka-katang ngayong. Dadi na nang usarun na nang eda bumayahan. Nan-urum niya. Nan abstract kumailangan urum ang bukong bulul. Igatang na maailang po ang kasalai ayan di tago. So this is the bulul mam. But then we were not able to get or to have with us the bulul where it is really by pair. And what about this one? What is this? Oh, oh, oh. Why? Parang ano, no? Parang dobo lang ano niya. Parang woman and man. And man is because of us. Bad road news. Rana, very strange. Hello. But what I know of the bulul is it is made by pair. Is it, there is man or woman? There is one pair, man and a woman. The bulul is part and partial of the Ifugao life. Especially during the production of the rice and the harvest of the rice. Now before the harvest of the rice, the rituals has to be performed by the tumonak or the rich identified the holder of the rice culture within the community. So the bulul which had been there in their granary has to be brought out and a whole night a pair has to be performed before the start of the harvest by the wealthy family. Then succeeding families could already follow the harvesting the rice. Now, actually the story of the production of the bulul was that is cold sickness because the family did not give or did not perform the usual ceremony before the start of the production of the rice. So when it cold sickness now they have to really come up with the bulul according to the myth. It is a mythical story that they said you have to perform the ritual of the production of the bulul before the sickness will be cured. So that is how they were able to start the production of the bulul and from that on the bulul has to be used during the harvest period. This is a stool, dalapong. Is this dalapong? Is that an old form? Ever since? I think so because for maybe No, no, no. It's sitting. For sitting? Yeah, stool. Stool. What do they do something when they sit on the stool? Or no? You can just sit. You sit down? Is that food inside the house? Inside the house. Because they have no chairs before so that is for children or for a pregnant woman because he could not sit like that so she has to sit on top of the stool. Ma'am, this one I just wanted some pigs in like that one the design pig. I forgot to include in the hagabi that is the sample of the hagabi. That is the hagabi that is the Richmond Bench. And that is also acquired when the rich man has to perform the imbaya that is the prestigious occasion of the rich man rich family. Now it is not it's not the same throughout the different ethnic group in Ifugao. Yes. Yes ma'am because in other ethnic groups in Ifugao for example the Tuwali they perform this prestigious occasion called imbaya three times and they could come up to come up with that hagabi. But others has to perform the imbaya eleven times before they could acquire the hagabi. The imbaya is performed by the wealthy family were in some because there are two types of this. We have that nine days occasion but there is the term is different but the process is the same and the imbaya actually is 30 days. So the normal imbaya that is intentional because they are wealthy they have to perform 30 days 30 nights performing dancing in their house. Yes, they would be having this naba or dancing every night in their house and at the end there is the culminating activity wherein they would give the feast wherein there is bachering drinking, dancing and eating. People are gathered during the end of the imbaya. Hagabi is supposed to be for the rich folks. Yes, of course because you cannot own a agabi without undergoing all the preliminary rituals. Speciality is imbaya, the paya you have to bumayah. Bumayah is also drinking the festival that we use when we hold a couple should do the ritual maybe once two times, three times but before the paya they also have to do more rituals before that and then once they are pin paya they have another ritual they can own something dancing to do to make just one ritual using six peaks and caramel and then you are supposed to repeat. You have this one you have to also spend because you have to look for somebody who knows how to make this you pay him you have to send him to the forest to look for a good because you cannot make it from sunrise it should be one piece and there are also rituals being done in the forest if the paya is not good you have to look for another tree and the paya is good and you have to feed the parties in the forest after when it is done and you have to people to pick it up then you have again Ben's camp home you have to let it sleep on spread rice literature several months again and these are very precious backpacks and shoulder bags so women would have this under back I know this one is for men the women can have this one shoulder bag and this kind of baskets is for for lunch box yes but this is for beetle knot again including that that one there in terms of habitat in terms of where ifugaos live each tribe has evolved its own architecture let me talk about the tuwali one of the major tribes in ifugao the architecture is actually amazing there are four posts normally it's a small building it's five by eight or five by ten feet enough to contain a family of five or living in one room of air where you have the kitchen, the bedroom everything in there but the design of the native house it is rat proof because the posts have rings to it so the rats couldn't climb up and the houses are built away from trees so the rats won't jump from trees into the houses before posted house not one of the posts is actually dug into the ground it just sits on the ground because it's made of a trunk with still the root but prepared in such a way that it can sit on the ground but we've never ever had any native house blown away by the wind in spite of the fact that it's just sitting on the ground it's not dug into the ground and the reason for this is the aerodynamic design of the roof it is like a pyramid it's four sides and the effect is for the wind to bear down on the structure instead of lifting it up it's aerodynamic design but the if you go house since it's all everything in one room the kitchen so therefore you can imagine it's souped there's soup inside the inside the house but one thing about our native houses we don't have luck in the olden times if one has to leave his house he will just remove the ladder and put it and hang it on the beam and that's a signal already to pass us by that nobody's in there and you're not welcome to climb up the house and the if you go native house has no nails it's all really carved yes it is made without nails and the making of the house has to be followed by abstinence especially those who are going to to build the house and it is from selected wood that's why there are native houses where in even three generations four generations could really be using so there are rituals performed in the procurement and the building of the native house you have to do some rituals like for example yung old age yung blessing up to all kids so that's one or also when you are sick leading is of example parent what you do also is after the offerings kasi then there's also another ritual yung the washing of dapos para kaya dunan ganito so in fact when there are offerings para to cost say we have to share with my sister but then when it was open up it was not good kumbaga yung buy so we had to get another because somebody will declare what it's worth so we had to get another then it's not just it's the native it's the native that just get the white one it must be the black one and someday like my mother I would say how do you call yung mothers and so oh my god she demanded from my sister so that to be from with regards to carvings to basketry to loom weaving of course it has been commercialized already and dart forms that went into it were based on or the products that we are seeing now are somehow also based on the ethnic designs ethnic forms of all of those what we call handicraft products today in general when we talk of all of those loom weaving of basketry of wood carvings we simply just call it in the common term just handicrafts but of course it being a commercial product now you cannot help it but buyers and the market's preference would somehow influence also how designs we would go so that as of today while we still see traces or it still is ethnically inspired shall we say the designs of all of those products but there are also of course already certain changes just to suit the market and to suit designs as sometimes requested or as sometimes asked for by the market itself majority of most of the products that we are already making are market dictated the designs are market dictated already when I am 15 years old nagsimula po ako na mag-ukit na tinuturuan po ako ng aking tatay kaya don't po ako na tuto na magsisimula na iimprove po yung mga pinagawa ko tulad po ng mga ismol items na pinagsimulan ko tulad ng mga telltel na mga malilipong item saka yung mga tulad ng kamay mga paana cell phone holder kindle holder mga danun po saka mga upuan na mga kutsara mga utensils po oh, tumadhan di nampimiksaan di engine pimiksa engine ya in one way on wad ay kipendi na na bayan adi halos amin dami yung wadanab saka magnanag not na hina nga na punwan na na contain mga wad ay order down muli o man may dipo mga lang kumpul na rebo rata nida usuhi po kumpersonal ng kayo ondaka rebo na rebo mo lang di not down nga muna di ondaka simpili kipendi na na mga asparigan wad ay ekstra na time mga terina ba ako mga musuligan minu wad ay order hindi kong i-concentrate nga order mga mapiyak ng kumpul na din di sayo hindi nun nun iyama minu kaya nga mapatam kusyuan minu mas lahit di bagi minu hindi musuligan minu didadan na item ng iyama magsimula ko sa maliliit napapansin ko naman na at least yung isip ko na nakikita ko sa mga magagaling karbers at don na kitreat at nakakaroon ng lakas ng loob yung sarili ko nakaya kong gawin yun at sa kanakikita ng ibang mga boss na kaya ko kaya tinatawag nila ako na sumama na gagawa sa kanilang orders so don ako natuto na gumawa ng malalaking kaya lang sa 6 feet ko hanggang po ba maliliit na tao na gulipong ka na nga mabanya ang kaya kaya wadanan adekan adihan namin di matarabahaw ng kaya kung naisiligat aduan ite no may di permit mo umalak tayo may ite at ita makangunu masigbitan namin masapong permit namin ng kaya gata namin permit namin sento hemi hemi paotan tapos na i-deliver pa i-deliver mo permit to transport at sa kaya madalas kung ginagamit ang at least na special wood kasi parang maprotectan maprotectahan naman parang kagandahan po ng item para hindi po nakakasira sa mga costumer at buyer po natin simple huwai o hapon dito kung magposto nipugaw huwai o hapon may angunun na simple dito mo ya dito kung humapano kaya nakakada kaya gaya simple adihan mo humapan agihan mo po agihan mo po inabut hindi o simple hwada ka nanday hindi lang anong tago hindi nara ang amun paot hwada nandang tago mo nga ka nanday nakapsupti din sa bali kung po manang nang ay maalakos to o simple hindi po ka nanday may ten di pangat di there are certain challenges that pose threat to certain parts of our culture like the handicraft the wood carving art national laws like PD-705 and recently EO-23 which mandates a total lag bang of course marginalizes our people because our carvers, the material is wood and for the national government to impose a total lag bang is practically writing a death certificate to that part of our culture