 The study evaluated the cytotoxicity and ROS scavenging activity of synthetic platinum nanoparticles, .10Ps, in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells at low concentrations, finding that .10Ps significantly increased glutathione concentration and gene levels of several antioxidant enzymes. However, the cellular responses induced by low levels of .10Ps could not be fully explained by the hierarchical oxidative stress model. This article was authored by Hidekizunakanishi, Takiki Hamasaki, Tamoya Kinjo, and others.