 Well, thank you very much. Good morning everyone. That was fantastic. I hope you woke up as well So so that's pretty good to see all of you. No, it's a pleasure for me to be here and Discuss a little bit about the future and of course, I think got a really good introduction from arpit but also from from Sandra talking about 5g is here now and That's really what we have to realize and and how do we see the implication for the network? I think that's that's that's what we have to really discuss First a little bit about my my my background Yes, I'm a wireless guy. I kind of worked a lot with them wireless technologies and back in the late 80s GSM basically came out of my my lab at at Eriksson. So that that created this this fantastic Evolution that we that we saw but that was voice only kind of thing So anyway after that I became the CTO for Eriksson and that I had like 15 years And that was during the time when we invented 3g 4g those things We actually called mobile broadband because you know, this was not voice anymore. We just took it to the next level Realizing that internet was gonna change things and and of course it really did and and that just created the continued Success but of course we invented a lot of other things like like Bluetooth swap and those things but then of course Then a little bit later. I moved to to Silicon Valley still being with with Eriksson and Then I found out a couple of things one was really this these these people working on on open flow and That of course had a very profound impact and we started to work very close together with NYSERA and so on from from Eriksson point of view and Really, I mean that that that was a fantastic revolution We had done similar things with with what we call soft switch in the in the in the circuit switch world But that wasn't really driving the applications That was just to to separate the control plane and the and the and the data pass so to speak But but this was more more much more profound. So anyway Then I started to to work with with Sony mobile and that was really working a lot together with with the Android team at at at at Google And that was really open source. Although it was a little bit different It was one Organization creating most of it, but and they it was done in a fantastic way by by bringing all these vendors as as as partners and The whole open source way of doing it the way that Andy Rubin drove these things and started from scratch created a new operating system And making it to in the fantastic success Of course along with with with iPhone, but nevertheless, this was very very fast And and I think that was a tremendous thing to to really be be part of that to see what open source can really create and now I'm I'm more working with Being advisory and on on company boards and so on Still with some big companies, but also with a lot of startups here in the valley and and of course These are are from very diverse areas because I've been covering both network and and and consumer electronics So I work with of course 5g I ut cloud Technology but also with with more things coming coming from the end user perspective like AI and VR AR and so on so let's talk a little bit about This thing about because this is all about in my world is also is it's all about disruption and innovation and and that's that's That's really this is not the end of it. I think we are having some very interesting journey ahead of us If you look at the mobile computing, this is where you can see these these generations starting with we like, you know, text and voice Really moving into touch-based phones. By the way, they came along before iPhone Although they had a pen So I think that's what's a big thing that that that changed the world with getting rid of the pen But actually when we invent this 3g, of course, we had to have some some much much more advanced phones So they were they were like touch-based phones, but what really happened then with with having smartphones very advanced smartphones like Android and iPhone Definitely was that all these things about being really connected to internet and having all these video that kind of Exploded because in the previous days, we didn't really have a full browser and things so so so that that that that changed it and now of course we have all seen That evolution going on for the last 10 years looking ahead though I mean things like AR and VR will have a very large impact on on the whole evolution from the from the end user perspective If we look at the the network, you know all these g's 2g 3g 4g 5g, but basically what I have spent a lot of my Time, I mean we have to realize that that these these evolution We have seen is basically six orders of magnitude of of data rate increase during During the years so it started like 2g was basically like 10 kilobits per second and now we talk about 5g Which is like 10 gigabits so that's that's six orders of of magnitude and of course that has a fantastic large impact on What what what you can do and with with the things we can see on the on the left-hand side What going from from voice to web to to to video and now further to to to new things But it's also very important to realize that at the same time there has been Very strong evolution on the on the network side. I think 2g Kind of just built on the circles fish world. However, what it really did was to create a global Mobile world and and and with roaming and all of these things so so that was a pretty big step in itself to really create all of that and of course Then merging like the internet world and the and the mobile world into 3g 4g using TCP IP that that definitely helped everything to align these two worlds And of course now we have seen the last couple of years that SDN and if we is having a profound impact Moving to 2 5g of course That's like John Donovan mentioned yesterday That really means that this is the first time that you really can have a modern architecture and and network architecture when you are deploying a new radio technology, which is Has not been the case in the past. It's always been like an evolution. So this is really interesting We can create all of these things that we talked about and we can get rid of some of the the old stuff that we don't have to Took to carry any longer However, we also have to realize that All these things about 5g also put a lot of things or Network in Implications that we heard a little bit about yesterday and this morning as well So we have to realize it. It will be quite different journey going going ahead So what's really the the next big thing? Well, I would say it's distributed cloud I think there are many words for this that people use very different words to really explain what it is and But I think it's it's self-explanatory if you use the word distributed cloud So basically, of course, I will then try to talk a little bit about what are the trends that are leading up to this Distributed cloud things like 5g I ut AI VR AR So I will I will spend a little bit of time on each each one of those. I Think 5g we just heard I mean if you look at 5g it is happening now It's it's it's just around the corner And this is a new network is new radio and of course there are it's a it's a you know from the application point of view It's gonna be different so on a radio perspective. It's like ten times higher data rates It's ten times lower date latency So basically we talk about more than 10 gigabits per second. We talk about less than one millisecond So, you know, there's a lot of things you can you can do with these things There are some challenges on the radio side because in order to to Generate all of these Data rates, of course, it's also important to go up to higher higher frequency bands, which has its own challenges But nevertheless, I think that is that is really happening on the on the network side again This is basically building an open source. We don't have to carry all the all the old stuff around We can really think about virtualization and cloud in in in a very creative way and and and that is Driving this whole new world on the application side. I think basically this is not only mobile any longer This is going beyond mobile. This will be that will be fixed wireless because anyway Fiber is very expensive if you if you really want to do fixed networks and and and Deploy residential broadband to the homes outside cities or large cities that is then Wireless is is much more attractive and that is big. It's really becoming obvious So so so that that's gonna have a very important impact But there is also these verticals that many people have talked about that is definitely for for enterprise That's gonna drive things and I will touch upon some of them But basically of course five five g is gonna have a major impact on on on the on the distributed automated network So another thing is IOT and Well, it may be hard to see all the numbers but of course we are this is like 50 50 billion devices pretty soon and of course They're gonna generate traffic and some of them are are just not gonna You know some of these devices are actually More more like sensors and so on and they are very very many of them And they're gonna be all over the place gonna require a lot of signaling But not necessarily so so so many bytes, but nevertheless you can see that even on the on the bytes perspective It is actually Driving up traffic although the main traffic is still coming coming from other sources like like like video Now IOT Is a buzzword? It's being used for for for many many different things Some of the things around IOT are of course more like indoor applications only But it's also important that to realize that for that for wide area outdoor applications There is also a big need for for for IOT so Then there are some some new technologies being developed by the standardization organization like 3GPP has launched these new narrowband LTE technology and what that really means is low power wide area so you can extremely low power like like Devices can can can be out there for for 10 years Basically until you forget about them, right? So so so then you just lit that let them be there and then then then you come with something else And this is for consumer devices of course like like wearables But but also for a lot of enterprise IOT sensors being done for for asset tracking smart cities or retail We heard a lot about retailing in the last presentation and and different kinds of transportation and so on so of course this is Definitely gonna change and it's gonna drive the the future when it comes to a number of devices out there in the in the world This is low-speed Technology but again it it does require a lot of signaling So it does require that you have more distributed network to really take care of all of these things You don't want to have everything up Uploaded because it's so many devices out there then I Think VR AR this slide is just kind of highlighting the fact that this is gonna have a profound impact Of course these these numbers are are pretty big and I don't know exactly how fast it's it's gonna take normally things you know Happened a little bit Slower than you think but once they come it goes very very fast. So very Actually, I think we definitely gonna see numbers like like like this out there and VR it's a little bit smaller than AR on this chart here But of course we if you can see it just looking at from the device point of view It's it's it's it's pretty big and it's it and it's happening Already because we have really advanced VR devices out there on the market already now And and of course we can see that the implication of that is is is starting to happen Now in this we have to realize that we are AR is quite different from ordinary video because video Distribution when you do that like with using CDN technology and so on I mean real time is not so important. You can have a little bit of of latency doesn't really matter so much But for these applications it does so you it's very important to have low latency For instance VR if you have if you have glasses and you and I mean the way It's supposed to be when you have three 360s if you move your head you should really follow right because otherwise you get you get this is so you have to get a new Scene within a couple of milliseconds. So so that's pretty hard Latency restrictions on AR. It's similar. You really are looking at The virtual world and the real world at the same time and and and those those have to be kind of kind of synchronized If you have too much delay, you have you have it you have a similar problem So I mean when you're just watching video, you are kind of you're kind of doing it Without having to worry about latency, but these applications are really talking about very low latency So it's it's really completely different and it's going to drive this whole thing about the distributed cloud, of course So if you look a little bit about AI as well and and come back to a little bit VR AR But of course AI is is kind of is kind of similar as as humans we always expect very fast response and and And I mean going to computers that might might be even more so like we like I think I'm in from Google mentioned yesterday. So of course, this is not restricted just to just to AI But nevertheless if you talk about AI and and all these applications that are related to to humans It does require low low latency that goes for that goes for voice interfaces It goes for things like like face recognition You don't really want to be kind of bothered about but these these delays and of course for things like Autonomous driving is is definitely profound and that's also what Sandra talked about I mean we talked about the connected car and some of those applications But you know if you go to autonomous driving is it's it's even it's even more than that and so all of these things basically means that we are talking about a new world with with very different requirements and I think definitely you can you can say that the The way to look upon this is that the network has to has to change quite quite much now on the VR AR side, of course, I think I already mentioned the this Seasickness problem that that you you can experience if you don't have Very low. I mean you really need very low latency for that and we can see and there's a lot of experience from from from PlayStation and Oculus and so on and so that really Of course if you have if you just have it in the in the spectacles That's one thing but but go into online then it puts read these requirements To the networks instead and again Augmented reality is is very similar. So we talk about high speed low latency And of course automated. So this this has to be very intelligent But definitely the network has to handle handle low latency and of course high speed I think 5g is then of course The number one vehicle for that. But if the network cannot Follow follow through and do the same thing then then it you know, it doesn't really help so so I think Definitely it's becoming very obvious that we have to focus on getting the distributed cloud out there and This is I guess starting with with things like the central office and we're also following through with the with the base station So basically we can we can do it at the edge people call it different things, of course I mean mobile edge computing multi multi-axis edge computing and and there are And I think Sandra had a little bit different wording as well But but but these things are really driving driving it and and from the capacity and latency Point of view. I mean we have to realize that this has this has been the kind of way of working for for all mobile mobile networks and That when you do this thing on on on a mobile network Things when it comes to latency when it comes to direct access it requires so much Higher higher response time and a shorter response time you should say so of course that is Things that we will continue to to also see and it's really great to see that Open networks are now being embraced by the by the telecom world. I think that is fantastic It takes a little while you know everything takes a while Like we heard from from Martin yesterday morning. He was a little bit embarrassed that it took so long time But it does you know, I mean you have to be you have to realize that and and of course now We can see that the traditional standardization forums such as 3d pp and so on are Of course working very close together with with the open network for us So I think that's that's that's really the way to to create the future and I think just to have a closer relation continue to have even even better relation and then of course I think the Harmonization between different open network for us could also be very important just been a little bit fragmented But to speed up it and it's better to really harmonize and then I think of course We have we all have to realize that it's good to focus on the end to end up application again I mean Martin talked about that yesterday morning that that to be general is a little bit tough sometimes You have to focus and and and I think that that's also very good advice for for for doing things for the next generation So with that I think I have Try to be the tool to give this This message about the the the distributed clouds. So I'm I'm happy to take it. All right guys He's like run of applause Thank you If you don't mind staying here, I have a couple of questions before we open it up You know you said It takes a while and that's one thing. I know Silicon Valley does not have it just patients, right? All right And a lot of people here in the audience, I'm sure Some of them may not even be born when 2g or 3g was there, right? So what what advice do you have for them? What should they do? Okay? Well, I mean, what should you do? Of course, how how how to be Successful, I would say still is just to be first, you know, you have to innovate and be first So then you have you know, if you don't do that then of then of course It's very hard to really be very very successful. That has been the motto I have been working with all these all these years. You have to be first You have to innovate you have to be first and of course sometimes it takes a little bit longer than you think and that's That's the thing you have to be a little bit You have to be a little bit Perseverance kind of kind of with those things because networks takes takes a while So it's so big of course. So that's that's that's one thing another thing, of course, you have to You know, I mean, it's not how do you do this? You cannot just say you're gonna innovate and and be first because sometimes you're actually too early also if you if the Technology is not ready or the market is not early. You are you are too early So but of course also is very important that you are that you have to be best you really have to make sure that you pick your pick your area and Pick your subject and try to work in that and and and learn it and be best because if you are best you can You know, it's really hard to to object To what you are to what you're doing. So I don't know. I mean, it's very it's very hard to give advice But I mean, you know, these these are some of the things of it. No, we love it. So we have questions Are you sure Michael? Hi Michael hard from my HS market and when we met before it was in phonetics When you were at Ericsson, but Dr. Yon, I have this question now every time I hear the 5g edge computing high bandwidth millimeter wave And it seems to me it requires deep fiber Fiberization out everywhere really and But nobody talks about it at these conferences. Maybe they talk about it at optical conferences I don't know but I don't go to those anymore But what do you think about that? Is it do you just does the industry just expect that fiber is going to be out there close enough that the short Distance of millimeter wave. Well, yeah, I mean you're absolutely right, of course I mean go into millimeter wave these these frequency bands about 20 gigahertz definitely the The range of the radio, you know the coverage of the radio will be much smaller So so you need much more base stations actually and they have to be cheap and small and lots of them or at least Many of them and then of course fiber is the right way to really connect them. Yeah, I would say so absolutely So that will be fiber. Maybe not fiber to the home, but fiber to the humble whatever you want to call it fiber to the base station Yeah Thank you very much for your talk for each thing from Telefonica Your insight about distributed clouds our customers utilize services and Their experiences on those services are you know with Google and Facebook and obviously those are OTT players So the question to you is do you not think it's time for the OTT players? To come to the party and Work with telco operators on these distributed clouds And that's it a central offices And this does mean that the OTT players have to give up a piece of the pie which I mean They did a really good job in the last ten years, but to support all of this I mean for virtual reality, you know virtual reality players have to build and build their architecture which supports distributed cloud and that means that they have to give a Piece of the pie to telco. So do you not think that now it's time for them to kind of say Let's work together. Well, of course, I mean, I should not answer on their on their behalf, but Definitely, I think we see I mean, I think it was really good to see now the how how AT&T are presenting the way forward for for the telco industry and a lot of cooperation around that at the same time We also proceed Google have very strong plans for what they are planning to do on the public cloud You know, this is Silicon Valley and of course people drive their own agenda So it's not that simple all the time to just bring people to the party But I mean you have to ask them, right? I cannot answer on their behalf, but it might not be so easy Okay Thank you. Very good. Perfect answer from from the techie All right. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you